1. Design and construction

2. World War I

3. Interwar career

4. World War II

5. Notes

6. References

7. Bibliography

8. External links

USS West Ekonk (ID-3313) was a cargo ship for the United States Navy during World War I. She was later known as SS West Ekonk in civilian service under American registry, and as SS Empire Wildebeeste under British registry.

West Ekonk was launched for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) in June 1918 as a part of the West ships, a series of steel-hulled cargo ships built on the West Coast of the United States for the World War I war effort. At one point West Ekonk had the distinction of being the ninth fastest-built ocean-going ship in the world. Pressed into cargo service for the US Navy, USS West Ekonk was commissioned into the Naval Overseas Transportation Service (NOTS) and completed three round-trip voyages to Europe for the Navy. After decommissioning in mid 1919, she was briefly in cargo service out of Baltimore and New York before being laid up in Norfolk, Virginia.

West Ekonk was reactivated for cargo service out of Los Angeles in early 1924. By 1926, she was sailing out of New York and called at ports such as Liverpool and Hamburg. In 1933, she was sold to the Lykes Brothers Steamship Company and operated for two of its subsidiary shipping lines through the mid-1930s. In late 1940 she was sold to British interests to help fill the United Kingdom's urgent need for merchant ships.

After sailing to the UK as West Ekonk, the ship was renamed Empire Wildebeeste and sailed in transatlantic convoys, making three round-trips between March 1941 and December 1942. On the westbound leg at the beginning of her fourth round-trip, she straggled behind her convoy and was torpedoed and sunk by {{ship|German submarine|U-106|1940|6}} on 24 January 1942. Nine men died in the attack; the 22 survivors were rescued by American destroyer {{USS|Lang|DD-399}} and landed at Bermuda.

Design and construction

The West ships were cargo ships of similar size and design built by several shipyards on the West Coast of the United States for the USSB for emergency use during World War I. All were given names that began with the word West, like West Ekonk,^[8] one of some 24 West ships built by Skinner & Eddy of Seattle, Washington.^[2][9] West Ekonk (Skinner & Eddy No. 25; USSB No. 1178)^[2] was laid down on 16 April 1918. She was launched on 22 June with an elapsed time of 57 working days—67 calendar days—from keel laying to launch.^[3] West Ekonk was completed on 13 July, 73 working days after her keel laying, and in a list of the ten fastest-constructed ocean-going ships compiled in 1920 by Edward N. Hurley, the wartime chairman of the USSB,^[10] West Ekonk was listed as the ninth fastest-constructed ship in the world.^[11]

West Ekonk was the fourth ship built under a USSB contract that called for Skinner & Eddy to deliver 14 ships at a cost of $1,672,000 each,^[1] but the cost of extras during her construction added $35,268.^[12] Skinner & Eddy received a $69,200 bonus for West Ekonk{{'}}s early completion,^[13] which brought the total cost of the ship to $1,776,468.

World War I

After her 13 July 1918 completion,^[3] West Ekonk was handed over to the United States Navy for use in the NOTS and assigned the identification number 3313. She was commissioned at Seattle, as USS West Ekonk (ID-3313) the same day with Lieutenant Commander Richard Willowden, USNRF, in command.^[5]

Interwar career

West Ekonk{{'}}s activities immediately after her return to the USSB in April are not known, but in mid-June The Washington Post reported that West Ekonk would be among the 26 ships allocated to sail out of Baltimore beginning later in the month.^[15] In early March 1920, The New York Times reported on West Ekonk{{'}}s arrival in New York from Liverpool,^[16] and in April and June reported on West Ekonk{{'}}s departure^[17] to and arrival^[18] from Hamburg.

After being laid up in a reserve fleet in Norfolk, Virginia, some time after mid 1920, West Ekonk was one of two ships reactivated for service out of Los Angeles in early 1924.^[19][20] By early 1926, however, West Ekonk was sailing from Galveston, Texas, to Liverpool, sometimes carrying passengers in addition to freight.^[21] In December 1927, West Ekonk{{'}}s master and chief engineer each received a $50 bonus from the Conservation Committee of the Merchant Fleet Corporation when West Ekonk was named to an honor roll for efficient operation; they were one of 50 duos so honored.^[22] On 23 December 1928, West Ekonk was anchored in the River Thames at Gravesend, Kent, United Kingdom when she was struck by the British cargo ship {{SS|Glynwen||2}} and sustained damage to her port bow.^[23]

In 1933,^[24] West Ekonk was sold to Lykes Brothers Steamship Company and home-ported at Houston, Texas.^[5] West Ekonk sailed for the Dixie UK Line, a subsidiary operation of Lykes,^[25] for most of 1935, sailing between Galveston and Liverpool.^[26][27] By December 1935, West Ekonk had begun sailing for another subsidiary of Lykes Brothers, the Ripley Steamship Company,^[28] and continued sailing on the same Galveston–Liverpool route through September 1937.^[29] West Ekonk{{'}}s activities over the next three years are not recorded.

World War II

In November 1940, while the United States was still neutral, the United States Maritime Commission (USMC), a successor to the USSB, granted Lykes Brothers permission to sell West Ekonk and five other cargo ships to the British Ministry of War Transport (MoWT).^[30] After West Ekonk took on a load of steel and scrap, the ship sailed to Halifax, where she joined convoy HX 99 in sailing for Liverpool on 26 December 1940.^[31] On 30 December, the ship's compass went out but West Ekonk was able to remain in her station in the convoy,^[32] and safely arrived at Liverpool on 11 January 1941,^[31] despite sailing through a gale with sleet storms on 4 January.^[32] In his notes for the convoy, P. E. Parker, the convoy's commodore,^[33] singled out H. MacKinnon, master of West Ekonk, for praise of his seamanship in keeping West Ekonk in the convoy without a working compass.^[32]

After her arrival at Liverpool, West Ekonk was renamed Empire Wildebeeste—MoWT ships taking a name prefixed with "Empire"^[34] and joined westbound convoy OB 293 in sailing for the United States on 2 March 1941. The convoy dispersed four days later,^[35] and though seven ships were sunk by four German submarines,^[36] Empire Wildebeeste safely docked at Baltimore on 24 March.^[35] After sailing to Hampton Roads, Virginia, on 1 April and on to Halifax on 6 April,^[37] Empire Wildebeeste was scheduled to sail as a part of HX 120 on 10 April,^[38] but apparently did not arrive in time. She instead sailed in convoy HX 121 which departed Halifax six days later.^[37] Convoy HX 121 was attacked by two U-boats on 28 April and four ships were hit,^[39] two ahead of Empire Wildebeeste and two to the starboard.^[40] Even though another ship was sunk on 1 May, Empire Wildebeeste successfully delivered her cargo of pig iron to Middlesbrough on 7 May.^[37][41]

After making her way across the Atlantic independently, Empire Wildebeeste arrived at Norfolk, Virginia, on 25 June. After making intermediate stops in Baltimore and Hampton Roads, she sailed for Halifax with a load of scrap iron on 17 July,^[42] reaching her destination three days later. She departed in convoy HX 140 on 22 July and arrived at Belfast Lough on 5 August and Newport on 8 August. After arriving at Milford Haven on 25 August, she sailed from there two days later in convoy ON 10 for Halifax, where she arrived on 13 September. From there, Empire Wildebeeste sailed to Montreal and back to Halifax by 5 October. She departed Halifax that same day as a part of convoy HX 153, but had unspecified problems that caused her to drop out and put in at St. John's, Newfoundland,^[43] on 11 October.^[37] After aborted attempts to sail east in convoys SC 50 and SC 52, Empire Wildebeeste finally reached Loch Ewe on 25 November as a part of convoy SC 54 and Methil on 30 November.^[37]

After Empire Wildebeeste made a trip to Hull and back by 23 December, she sailed to Loch Ewe five days later and then departed from Liverpool on 2 January 1942 as a part of convoy ON 53.^[37] Empire Wildebeeste strayed behind even before the convoy dispersed on 19 January,^[44] and was left to sail on to Baltimore independently.^[7] At 06:53 on 24 January, Empire Wildebeeste was struck by a torpedo launched from {{ship|German submarine|U-106|1940|6}} under the command of Kapitänleutnant Hermann Rasch.^[7] Empire Wildebeeste went down at position {{coord|39|30|N|59|54|W|display=inline,title}};^[5] eight crewmen and one naval gunner were killed during the attack and sinking.^[7] American destroyer {{USS|Lang|DD-399|2}} was dispatched from Bermuda to pick up the master, 18 crewmen, and three gunners, and landed them in Bermuda.^[5][7]

Notes

References

Bibliography

• {{cite book |last=Crowell |first=Benedict |authorlink=Benedict Crowell |first2=Robert Forrest |last2=Wilson |title=The Road to France: The Transportation of Troops and Military Supplies, 1917–1918 |series=How America Went to War: An Account From Official Sources of the Nation's War Activities, 1917–1920 |location=New Haven |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1921 |oclc=18696066 |isbn=1-143-73956-6}}
• {{cite book |last=Hurley |first=Edward N. |title=The New Merchant Marine |location=New York |publisher=Century |year=1920 |oclc=751444}}
• {{cite book |last=Hurley |first=Edward N. |authormask=2 |title=The Bridge to France |location=Philadelphia |publisher=J.B. Lippincott |year=1927 |oclc=1348068}}
• {{cite book |last=Silverstone |first=Paul H. |title=The New Navy, 1883-1922 |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-415-97871-2 |oclc=63171106}}
• {{cite book |author=United States House of Representatives, Select Committee on U. S. Shipping Board Operations |title=Shipping Board Operations |location=Washington, DC |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1920 |oclc=64558341}}

External links

• {{navsource|12/173313|West Ekonk}}

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