| 词条 | USS West Hobomac (ID-3335) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
USS West Hobomac (ID-3335) was a steel–hulled cargo ship which saw service with the U.S. Navy as an auxiliary during World War I, and which later operated under the British flag during World War II before being lost to enemy action. Commissioned into the Navy just three months before the end of World War I, West Hobomac completed three voyages during the war, and made several more on the Navy's behalf in the immediate postwar period prior to decommission in 1919. Between the wars, the ship operated as the merchant vessel SS West Hobomac. With the outbreak of World War II, West Hobomac was acquired by French interests and renamed SS Ile de Batz. After the Fall of France in June 1940, Ile de Batz was seized by the British and placed into service under the British flag. Ile de Batz was torpedoed and sunk by U-68 off the West African coast on 17 March 1942. Construction and designWest Hobomac was built in Seattle, Washington in 1918 at the No. 1 Plant of the Skinner & Eddy Corporation—the 13th in a series of 24 steel–hulled Design 1013 cargo ships built by Skinner & Eddy for the United States Shipping Board's emergency wartime shipbuilding program.[1] The ship was laid down on 29 May 1918 and launched just 49 working days (59 calendar days) later on 27 July—a new record for the company, eclipsing its previous best of 51 working days. Completed on 17 August after only 66 working (80 calendar) days under construction,[2] West Hobomac would end the war as the fifth fastest-built ship in the world.[3]West Hobomac had a designed deadweight tonnage of 8,800 and gross register tonnage of 5,600. The ship had an overall length of 423 feet 9 inches, a beam of 54 feet and a draft of about 24 feet. The vessel was powered by a Curtis geared turbine driving a single screw propeller, delivering a service speed of 11 knots.[4][5]Service historyU.S. Navy service, 1918–1919West Hobomac was delivered to the U.S. Navy on 17 August 1918 and commissioned the same day for operation with the Naval Overseas Transportation Service (NOTS) as USS West Hobomac (ID-3335), with Lt. Comdr. Peter F. Johnson, USNRF, in command.[4]After taking on a cargo of 7,928 tons of coal, West Hobomac departed Portland, Oregon on 26 August 1918, bound for Iquique, Chile. Arriving at her destination on 23 September, West Hobomac discharged her cargo and loaded 824 tons of nitrates bound for the United States. Returning north along the Pacific coast of South America, West Hobomac transited the Panama Canal and arrived at New York on 8 November, three days before the end of World War I, where she unloaded her cargo. While still berthed at New York, West Hobomac received repairs to her engine and steering gear, underwent alterations to her crew's quarters, and refueled.[4] West Hobomac departed New York on 30 November, bound for France with a cargo of Army supplies, and arrived at Brest nine days before Christmas. Discharging her cargo, the vessel loaded 226 tons of Army return cargo and additional ballast, and on 18 January departed once more for New York. Arriving at her destination 6 February, the ship remained there for nearly two weeks, unloading and taking on board 6,392 tons of cargo for transport to the Netherlands.[4]Reaching Rotterdam on 11 March, West Hobomac unloaded and departed that port, in ballast, on the 23rd, bound for the United States. At New York, she loaded 5,252 tons of foodstuffs and relief supplies and sailed on 23 April for Belgium, arriving at Antwerp on 12 May where she discharged her cargo.[4] Departing for the United States on 16 May, West Hobomac arrived at Newport News, Virginia on 5 June. On 10 June, the ship was decommissioned, struck from the Navy List, and returned to control of the United States Shipping Board.[4] Interwar yearsIn the interwar period, the USSB placed West Hobomac into commercial service. Little information is available concerning the ship's movements in this period, but it is known that the vessel was active in trade between the United States and Europe[6] as well as ports in the Mediterranean.[4] In 1933, the ship was acquired by the Lykes Brothers-Ripley Steamship Company consortium (later known as the Lykes Brothers Steamship Company.[4] World War IIOn 28 March 1940, West Hobomac was acquired at Newport News, Virginia by a French firm, Companie Generale Transatlantique, which renamed the ship Ile de Batz. Following the Fall of France in June 1940, Ile de Batz was seized by the British at Falmouth and transferred by the Minister of War Transport to the Bank Line for operation under the British flag.[4][7] By early 1942 Ile de Batz—now mostly manned by a Free French crew[7]—was in operation between the United Kingdom and various ports in Africa and the Far East. Leaving Cape Town, South Africa with a 6,605-ton cargo of general goods and rice, Ile de Batz was intercepted 28 miles southwest of Cape Palmas on 17 March by U-68. After disabling the vessel with a torpedo fired at 6:35 am, U-68 surfaced and sank the stricken vessel at around 7:51 with 33 explosive rounds from her 10.5 cm gun.[4][18] Four crew members of Ile de Batz were killed in the attack but the rest, including the ship's captain, 34 crew and 4 gunners made their way back to Cape Palmas, from whence they were taken to Freetown by HMCS Weyburn (K-173).[8] References1. ^"General Cargo Ships Built in Pacific Coast Shipyards" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422125305/http://shipbuildinghistory.com/history/merchantships/wwi/pacific.htm |date=22 April 2009 }}, shipbuildinghistory.com. 2. ^Pacific Ports Annual, pp. 64–65. 3. ^Hurley, p. 93. 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "West Hobomac", Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Naval History and Heritage Command website. 5. ^Silverstone, p. 169. 6. ^The Ellis Island Ship Database – West Hobomac, ellisislandrecords.org. 7. ^1 Cargo Ile de Batz, frenchlines.com. 8. ^1 Allied Ships Hit by U-boats – Ile de Batz, uboat.net. Bibliography
9 : 1918 ships|Design 1013 ships|Ships built in Washington (state)|Ships built by Skinner & Eddy|World War I auxiliary ships of the United States|Merchant ships of the United States|World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean|Maritime incidents in March 1942|Ships sunk by German submarines in World War II |
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