“Myxophaga”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Myxophaga is the second smallest suborder of the Coleoptera after Archostemata, consisting of roughly 65 species of small to minute beetles in four families. The members of this suborder are aquatic and semiaquatic, and feed on algae.

Taxonomy

There are four extant families in the suborder Myxophaga divided between two superfamilies,^[1] containing about 65 described species,^[2] and at least two extinct superfamilies of the suborder.{{efn|† Denotes that the group is extinct}}

Phylogeny

Little about the fossil record of Myxophaga is known, with only two fossils being described from Cretaceous amber. The first was originally placed in a new family, Haplochelidae,^[3] but latterly moved to the family Lepiceridae.^[4] The second fossil specimen from amber was placed in the Sphaeriusidae.^[5] No impression fossils of myxophagan beetle were described until 2012, probably because of their small body size and specialized habitat.^[6] This fossil specimen, from the Yixian Formation in the Jehol Biota, dates from the Early Cretaceous and shows that the development of Myxophaga must pre-date this period.^[6]

Description

Beetles of this suborder are adapted to feed on algae. Their mouthparts are characteristic in lacking galeae and having a mobile tooth on their left mandible.^[8]

Distribution

Only two myxophagan genera are found in North America: Sphaerius and Hydroscapha.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}

See also

Notes

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://tolweb.org/Myxophaga/8871 |title=Myxophaga |publisher=Tree of Life Web Project |date=2007 |accessdate=2017-05-26}}
2. ^{{Cite journal |last=Mesaros |first=Gabor |title=Sphaeriusidae (Coleoptera, Myxophaga): A new beetle family to the fauna of Serbia |url=http://scindeks.ceon.rs/Article.aspx?artid=1820-95211306071M |journal=Bulletin of the Natural History Museum |issue=6 |pages=71–74 |doi=10.5937/bnhmb1306071m|year=2013 }}
3. ^{{cite journal |author1=Kirejtshuk, A. G. |author2=Poinar, G. |date=2006 |title=Haplochelidae, a new family of cretaceous beetles (Coleoptera: Myxophaga) from Burmese amber |journal=Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington |volume=108 |pages=155–164}}
4. ^{{cite journal |author1=Ge, S. Q. |author2=Friedrich, F. |author3=Beutel, R. G. |date=2010 |title=On the systematic position and taxonomic rank of the extinct myxophagan dagger Haplochelus (Coleoptera) |journal=Insect Systematics and Evolution |volume=41 |pages=329–338 |doi=10.1163/187631210X537385 |url=http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/187631210x537385}}
5. ^{{cite journal |author1=Kirejtshuk, A. G. |date=2009 |title=A new genus and species of Sphaeriusidae (Coleoptera, Myxophaga) from Lower Cretaceous Burmese amber |journal=Denisia |volume=26 |pages=99–102 |url=http://www.zobodat.at/stable/pdf/DENISIA_0026_0099-0102.pdf |format=PDF}}
6. ^¹{{cite journal |author1=Cai, C. |author2=Short, A. E. Z. |author3=Huang, D. |date=2012 |title=The First Skiff Beetle (Coleoptera: Myxophaga: Hydroscaphidae) from Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=86 |issue=1 |pages=116–9 |doi=10.1666/11-050.1}}
7. ^{{cite book |last=Beutel |first=R. |last2=Leschen |first2=R. |encyclopedia=Handbuch der Zoologie/Handbook of Zoology |title=Band 4 Part 38: Arthropoda, Hälfte: Insecta, Coleoptera, Beetles |volume=1 |chapter=Morphology and Systematics (Archostemata, Adephaga, Myxophaga, Polyphaga partim) |date=2005 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=3-11-017130-9 |ref=harv}}
8. ^{{harvnb|Beutel|Leschen|2005|page=43}}