“1922 in literature”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Events

This is a significant year for high modernism in English literature:

The modernist classic novel Ulysses by James Joyce is first published complete in book form by Sylvia Beach's Shakespeare and Company in Paris on February 2 (2/2/22 and Joyce's 40th birthday), with a further edition published in Paris for the Egoist Press of London on October 12 (much of which is seized by the United States Customs Service). The U.K. customs will also seize copies entering the country.^[1]
T. S. Eliot founds The Criterion magazine (October 15) containing the first publication of his poem The Waste Land.^[2] This is first published complete in book form by Boni & Liveright in New York in December.
Jacob's Room by Virginia Woolf is published (October 26) by the Hogarth Press of Richmond upon Thames with jacket design by the author's sister Vanessa Bell. Also this summer Virginia writes the short story "Mrs Dalloway in Bond Street" (published July 1923), the foundation of the novel Mrs Dalloway (1925).

January – Ryūnosuke Akutagawa's modernist short story "In a Grove" (藪の中, Yabu no naka) is published in the Japanese magazine Shinchō.

January 24 – Façade – An Entertainment, poems by Edith Sitwell recited over an instrumental accompaniment by William Walton, first performed, privately in London.^[2]

January 27 – Franz Kafka begins intensive work on his novel The Castle (Das Schloss) at the mountain resort of Spindlermühle, ceasing around early September in mid-sentence.

February 2 – In a "savage creative storm" of less than three weeks beginning today at the Château de Muzot in Switzerland, Rainer Maria Rilke writes his Sonnets to Orpheus (Die Sonette an Orpheus) and completes his Duino Elegies (Duineser Elegien).

March – F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Beautiful and Damned is published in book form by Charles Scribner's Sons in New York; on December 10 a silent film version is released.

March 8? – The Czech playwrights Karel and Josef Čapek's play Pictures from the Insects' Life (Ze života hmyzu, also known as The Insect Play, published 1921) is first performed at the National Theatre Brno. It is also first performed in English translation, in the United States, this year.

April – Marcel Proust's Sodome et Gomorrhe II (part of the novel sequence À la Recherche du temps perdu) is published in Paris.

May 18 – Marcel Proust, James Joyce, Sergei Diaghilev, Igor Stravinsky, Pablo Picasso, Erik Satie and Clive Bell, hosted by English art patron and novelist Sydney Schiff, dine together in Paris, at the Hotel Majestic, their only joint meeting.^[3]

May 27 – F. Scott Fitzgerald's short story "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button" is published in The Smart Set magazine.

June

F. Scott Fitzgerald's short story "The Diamond as Big as the Ritz" is published in Collier's magazine.
Over a single night at his home in Shaftsbury, Vermont, Robert Frost completes the long poem "New Hampshire" and at sunrise writes "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening".^[4]

August – T. E. Lawrence is recruited into the British Royal Air Force as ordinary aircraftman 352087 John Hume Ross by Flying Officer W. E. Johns in London; Lawrence later writes The Mint about his experiences at this time.

Summer – F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby (1925) is set on Long Island at this time, partly inspired by Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald's life (from October 9) at Great Neck (with novelist Ring Lardner and newspaper editor Herbert Bayard Swope as friends and neighbors).

September

Marcel Proust's novel sequence À la Recherche du temps perdu begins to appear in English translation by C. K. Scott Moncrieff as Remembrance of Things Past with Swann's Way, a few months before the author's death.
T. S. Eliot and E. M. Forster stay with Virginia Woolf at her country retreat and discuss Joyce's Ulysses.^[5]

September 14 – Sinclair Lewis's satirical novel on American life, Babbitt, is published by Harcourt, Brace & Company.

September 22

Bengali writer Kazi Nazrul Islam publishes the poem "Anandamoyeer Agamane" ("The Advent of the Delightful Mother"), in support of the Indian independence movement, in the Puja issue of his new biweekly magazine Dhumketu, for which he is arrested by the police of the Bengal Presidency and imprisoned on a charge of sedition for much of the following year, undertaking a hunger strike and composing many poems while in prison. His poem "Bidrohi" (বিদ্রোহী, "The Rebel", December 1921) is first collected this year in his first anthology, Agnibeena.
F. Scott Fitzgerald's short story collection Tales of the Jazz Age is published by Charles Scribner's Sons in New York.

September 29 – Drums in the Night (Trommeln in der Nacht) becomes the first play by Bertolt Brecht to be staged, at the Munich Kammerspiele.

December – A valise containing all Ernest Hemingway's manuscripts from the past year's writing is stolen at Paris-Gare de Lyon.

December 6 – W. B. Yeats becomes a nominated member of the Seanad Éireann in the Irish Free State.

December 10 – The National Library of Albania is inaugurated in Tirana.^[6]

December 20 – Antigone by Jean Cocteau appears on the stage of the newly reopened Théâtre de l'Atelier in the Montmartre district of Paris, with settings by Pablo Picasso, music by Arthur Honegger and costumes by Gabrielle Chanel. Génica Athanasiou plays the title rôle with Charles Dullin as Créon and Antonin Artaud as Tiresias. There are some protests by Dadaists.^[7]

The first Newbery Medal for authors of distinguished books for children is awarded by the American Library Association to Hendrik Willem van Loon for The Story of Mankind (1921).

New books

Fiction

E. F. Benson – Miss Mapp

Pío Baroja – La lucha por la vida (The Struggle for Life, trilogy, 1922–24)

Ernest Bramah – Kai Lung's Golden Hours

Edgar Rice Burroughs – At the Earth's Core

Karel Čapek

The Absolute at Large (Továrna na absolutno)
Krakatit

Willa Cather – One of Ours

Agatha Christie – The Secret Adversary

Colette – La Maison de Claudine

Aleister Crowley – Diary of a Drug Fiend

Grazia Deledda – Il Dio dei venti (The God of the Winds)

E. R. Eddison – The Worm Ouroboros

F. Scott Fitzgerald

The Beautiful and Damned
Tales of the Jazz Age

Gilbert Frankau – The Love Story of Aliette Brunton

David Garnett – Lady into Fox

William Gerhardie – Futility

Hermann Hesse – Siddhartha

Vsevolod Ivanov

"Armoured Train 14–69" (short story)
Colored Winds

James Joyce – Ulysses

Faik Konica – Një ambasadë e zulluve në Paris

D. H. Lawrence

Aaron's Rod
England, My England and Other Stories

Sinclair Lewis – Babbitt

Lu Xun – The True Story of Ah Q

Katherine Mansfield – The Garden Party and other stories

Victor Margueritte – La Garçonne (English translation The Bachelor Girl, 1923)

A. A. Milne – The Red House Mystery

Paul Morand – Open All Night

Baroness Orczy

The Triumph of the Scarlet Pimpernel
Nicolette: A Tale of Old Provence

Boris Pilnyak – The Naked Year

Marcel Proust – Sodome et Gomorrhe II (volume 4 part 2 of À la Recherche du temps perdu)

Ernest Raymond – Tell England

Liviu Rebreanu – Forest of the Hanged (Pădurea spânzuraților)

Marah Roesli – Sitti Nurbaya

Rafael Sabatini – Captain Blood

May Sinclair – Life and Death of Harriett Frean

Booth Tarkington – Gentle Julia

Sigrid Undset – Korset ("The Cross", third and final part of Kristin Lavransdatter)

Urmuz – Bizarre Pages (first samples; written c. 1908)

Carl Van Vechten – Peter Whiffle

Elizabeth Von Arnim – The Enchanted April

Edgar Wallace – The Valley of Ghosts

Stanley J. Weyman – Ovington's Bank

Virginia Woolf – Jacob's Room

Stefan Zweig

Amok
The Eyes of My Brother, Forever (Die Augen des ewigen Bruders)
Fantastic Night (Phantastische Nacht)
Letter from an Unknown Woman (Brief einer Unbekannten)
Moonbeam Alley (Die Mondscheingasse)

Children and young people

Richmal Crompton

Just William (first in the Just William series of 39 books)
More William

Hugh Lofting – The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle

Hendrik Willem van Loon – The Story of Mankind (non-fiction)

Beatrix Potter – Cecily Parsley's Nursery Rhymes

Carl Sandburg – Rootabaga Stories

Walter Scott Story – Skinny Harrison Adventure

Margery Williams – The Velveteen Rabbit or How Toys Become Real

Drama

Imtiaz Ali Taj – Anarkali
Arnolt Bronnen – Parricide (Vatermord)
Karel Čapek – The Makropulos Affair (Věc Makropulos)
Jean Cocteau – Antigone
J. B. Fagan (adaptation) – Treasure Island
Arthur Goodrich – So This Is London
Hugo von Hofmannsthal – The Great World Theatre (Das Salzburger große Welttheater)
Lauw Giok Lan – Pendidikan jang Kliroe
Eugene O'Neill – The Hairy Ape
Ouyang Yuqian (欧阳予倩) – After Returning Home (回家以后)
Luigi Pirandello
- Henry IV (Enrico IV)
- Clothing the Naked (Vestire gli ignudi)
- The Imbecile (L'imbecille)
Percy Bysshe Shelley – The Cenci (first public performance in England)
Carl Sternheim – The Fossil (Das Fossil)
Tian Han (田漢)
- A Night in the Coffee Shop (Kafeidian Yi Ye)
- Before Lunch (Wufan Zhiqian))
Ernst Toller – The Machine-Wreckers (Die Maschinenstürmer)
Ben Travers – The Dippers
Arthur Valentine – Tons of Money

Poetry

Mário de Andrade – Paulicéia Desvairada (Hallucinated City))
Manuel Maples Arce – Andamios interiores (Poemas radiograficos)
Edmund Blunden – The Shepherd, and Other Poems of Peace and War^[2]
A. E. Coppard – Hips and Haws
T. S. Eliot – The Waste Land
Thomas Hardy – Late Lyrics and Earlier, with Many Other Verses^[2]
A. E. Housman – Last Poems
Isaac Rosenberg – Poems (posthumous)
Sacheverell Sitwell – The Hundred and One Harlequins, and Other Poems^[2]
Birger Sjöberg – Fridas Bok
César Vallejo – Trilce
Mohammad Yamin – Tanah Air

Non-fiction

E. E. Cummings – The Enormous Room
Leonora Eyles – The Woman in the Little House
Benjamin Fondane – Imagini și cărți din Franța
James George Frazer – The Golden Bough
Magema Magwaza Fuze – Abantu Abamnyama Lapa Bavela Ngakona (The Black People and Whence They Came)
Frank Harris – My Life and Loves (publication begins)
Agnes Jekyll – Kitchen Essays
T. E. Lawrence – Seven Pillars of Wisdom (private edition)
Walter Lippmann – Public Opinion
James O. McKinsey – Budgetary Control
Bronisław Malinowski – Argonauts of the Western Pacific
W. Somerset Maugham – On a Chinese Screen
Hans Prinzhorn – Artistry of the Mentally Ill
Radu Rosetti – Amintiri
Hendrik Willem van Loon – The Story of Mankind
Ludwig Wittgenstein – Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

Births

January 10 – Terence Kilmartin, Irish journalist and translator (died 1991)
January 22 – Howard Moss, American poet, playwright, and critic (died 1987)
January 23 – Vernon Scannell, British poet (died 2007)
February 6 – Denis Norden, English comedy writer
February 18 – Helen Gurley Brown, American editor and publisher (died 2012)
March 12 – Jack Kerouac, American author of On the Road (died 1969)
March 27 – Dick King-Smith, English children's author (died 2011)
April 13 – John Braine, English novelist (died 1986)
April 16
- Kingsley Amis, English novelist (died 1995)
- Samuel Youd (John Christopher), English science fiction novelist (died 2012)
April 22 – Guillermo Cabrera Infante, Cuban novelist (died 2005)
April 28 – Alistair MacLean, Scottish novelist (died 1987)
May 6 – Alan Ross, Indian-born English poet and editor (died 2001)
May 8 – Mary Q. Steele, American naturalist and author (died 1992)
May 27 – Sidney Keyes, English poet (died 1943)
May 30 – Hal Clement, American science fiction writer (died 2003)
June 11 – Erving Goffman, Canadian sociologist (died 1982)
June 29 – Vasko Popa, Yugoslav poet (died 1991)
June 30 – Mollie Hunter, Scottish novelist and children's writer (died 2012)
July 12 – Michael Ventris, English translator (died 1956)
July 15 – Cathal Ó Sándair, Irish language novelist (died 1996)
July 17 – Donald Davie, English poet (died 1995)
July 19 – George McGovern, American author and politician (died 2012)
August 9 – Philip Larkin, English poet (died 1985)
August 18 – Alain Robbe-Grillet, French novelist (died 2008)
September 12 – Jackson Mac Low, American poet (died 2004)
November 11 – Kurt Vonnegut, American novelist (died 2007)
November 16 – José Saramago, Portuguese writer (died 2010)
November 26 – Charles M. Schulz, American cartoonist (died 2000)
December 11 – Grace Paley, American writer (died 2007)
December 28 – Stan Lee, American comic-book writer and editor (died 2018)
December 29 – William Gaddis, American novelist (died 1998)

Deaths

January 3 – Berthold Delbrück, German linguist (born 1842)
January 12 – Thomas Gibson Bowles, English founder of The Lady and Vanity Fair (born 1881)
January 27
- Nellie Bly, American journalist (born 1864)
- Giovanni Verga, Italian author (born 1840)
February 3 – John Butler Yeats, Irish artist and poet (born 1839)
June 12 – Wolfgang Kapp, Prussian journalist (born 1858)
June 28 – Velimir Khlebnikov, Russian writer (born 1885)
July 8 – Mori Ōgai (森鷗外), Japanese novelist and poet (born 1862)
August 14 – Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, British newspaper proprietor (born 1865)
August 25 – Edward George Honey, Australian journalist (born 1885)
August 29 – Georges Sorel, French philosopher (born 1847)
September 2 – Henry Lawson, Australian poet (born 1867)
September 4 – George R. Sims, English writer (born 1847)
September 10 – Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, English poet and radical (born 1840)
October 30 – Géza Gárdonyi, Hungarian historical novelist (born 1863)
November 1 – Lima Barreto, Brazilian novelist and journalist (born 1881)
November 18 – Marcel Proust, French author (born 1871)
November 24 – Erskine Childers, Irish historian & novelist (born 1870)
November 27 – Alice Meynell, English poet (born 1847)
December 13 – Hannes Hafstein, Icelandic poet and prime minister (born 1861)
December 19 – Clementina Black, English novelist and political writer (born 1853)
Unknown dates
- Mary Anna Needell (Mrs. J. H. Needell), English novelist (born 1830)
- Ehrman Syme Nadal, American author (born 1843)

Awards

Hawthornden Prize for poetry: Edmund Blunden
James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: David Garnett, Lady into Fox
James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: Percy Lubbock, Earlham
Newbery Medal for children's literature: Hendrik Willem van Loon, The Story of Mankind
Nobel Prize for Literature: Jacinto Benavente
Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Eugene O'Neill, Anna Christie
Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Edwin Arlington Robinson: Collected Poems
Pulitzer Prize for the Novel: Booth Tarkington – Alice Adams

References

1. ^{{cite book |title=The most dangerous book: the battle for James Joyce's Ulysses |first=Kevin |last=Birmingham |location=London |publisher=Head of Zeus |year=2014 |isbn=9781784080723}}
2. ^¹²³⁴{{cite book |editor=Cox, Michael |title=The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |isbn=0-19-860634-6}}
3. ^{{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Kevin |title=Constellation of Genius – 1922: Modernism Year One |location=London |publisher=Hutchinson |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-091-93097-4}}
4. ^Sic. Both are first published in the collection New Hampshire (1923).
5. ^{{cite book |first=Bill |last=Goldstein |title=The World Broke in Two: Virginia Woolf, T. S. Eliot, D. H. Lawrence, E. M. Forster and the Year that Changed Literature |location=London |publisher=Bloomsbury |year=2017 |isbn=9780805094022}}
6. ^{{cite book |first=Etleva |last=Domi |chapter=National Library of Albania |url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a713531790~db=all~order=title |title=Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science |doi=10.1081/E-ELIS-120008530 |edition=2nd |date=2003-06-23 |accessdate=2008-08-01}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.jeancocteau.net/bio1_en.php |title=Jean Cocteau – biography 1889-1922 |publisher=Jean Cocteau Committee |accessdate=2013-08-07}}

3 : 1922 books|Years in literature|Years of the 20th century in literature