“Máramaros County”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Máramaros County

释义

Geography
History
Demographics
1900 1910
Subdivisions
References

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2013}}{{refimprove|date=November 2007}}{{Infobox Former Subdivision
|native_name = {{line-height|1.1em|{{native name|la|Comitatus Maramarosiensis}}
{{native name|hu|Máramaros vármegye}}
{{native name|de|Komitat Maramuresch}}
{{native name|rue|Комітат Марамарош}}
{{native name|ro|Comitatul Maramureș}} }}
|conventional_long_name = Máramaros County
|common_name = Máramaros
|subdivision = County
|nation = the Kingdom of Hungary
|p1 =
|s1 = Czechoslovakia
|flag_s1 = Flag of Czechoslovakia.svg
|s2 = Kingdom of Romania
|flag_s2 = Flag of Romania.svg
|year_start = 12th century
|event_end = Treaty of Trianon
|year_end = 1920
|date_end = 4 June
|image_coat = Maramaros coatofarms.jpg
|image_map = Maramaros.png
|capital = Máramarossziget
|coordinates = {{Coord|47|56|N|23|53|E|display=inline,title}}
|stat_area1 = 9716
|stat_pop1 = 357700
|stat_year1 = 1910
|today = {{flagu|Ukraine}}
{{flagu|Romania}}
|footnotes = Sighetu Marmației is the current name of the capital.
}}Máramaros ({{lang-ro|Maramureș}}; Rusyn: Мараморош / Maramorosh, Мараморыш / Maramorŷsh; {{lang-uk|Мармарощина}} – Marmaroshchyna; {{lang-la|Marmatia}}) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in north-western Romania and western Ukraine. The capital of the county was Máramarossziget (present-day Sighetu Marmației).^[1]

Geography

Máramaros county shared borders with the Austrian crownlands Galicia (now in Poland and Ukraine) and Bukovina (now in Romania and Ukraine) and the Hungarian counties Bereg, Ugocsa, Szatmár, Szolnok-Doboka and Beszterce-Naszód. It was situated on both sides of the river Tisza, and in the Carpathian mountains. Its area was 9720 km² around 1910.

History

The first mention of the county in the written sources is from 1119 ("cum in Maramorisio tempore venationis venatum ivissemus"). In the 13th century, it was almost uninhabited or very scarcely inhabited. The growth of its population started when the five crown cities (Máramarossziget, Hosszúmező, Huszt, Técső, Visk) were founded in the 14th century.^[2] In 1920, after the Treaty of Trianon, the northern part of the county became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia (Subcarpathian Ruthenia). The southern part (including Sighetu Marmației) became part of Romania.

The northern part was returned to Hungary by the First Vienna Award in 1938 and by the annexation of the remainder of Carpthian Ruthenia after Czechoslovakia ceased to exist in 1939. The county Máramaros was recreated, with Huszt as capital. The southern part was from 1940 part of Hungary until the end of World War II.

Afterwards, the formerly Czechoslovak part of Máramaros county became part of the Soviet Union, Ukrainian SSR, Zakarpattia Oblast. Since 1991, when the Soviet Union split up, the Zakarpattya region is part of Ukraine.

The southern part of the county is now part of the Romanian county Maramureș.

Demographics

1900

In 1900, the county had a population of 309,598 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:^[3]

Total:

Ruthenian: 143,621 (46.4%)
Romanian: 74,978 (24.2%)
German: 47,449 (15.3%)
Hungarian: 42,403 (13.7%)
Slovak: 545 (0.2%)
Croatian: 79 (0.0%)
Serbian: 4 (0.0%)
Other or unknown: 519 (0.2%)

According to the census of 1900, the county was composed of the following religious communities:^[4]

Total:

Greek Catholic: 220,817 (71.3%)
Jewish: 56,006 (18.1%)
Roman Catholic: 23,430 (7.6%)
Calvinist: 8,918 (2.9%)
Lutheran: 310 (0.1%)
Eastern Orthodox: 88 (0.0%)
Unitarian: 24 (0.0%)
Other or unknown: 5 (0.0%)

1910

In 1910, the county had a population of 357,705 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:^[3]

Total:

Ruthenian: 159,489 (44.6%)
Romanian: 84,510 (23.6%)
German: 59,552 (16.7%)
Hungarian: 52,964 (14.8%)
Slovak: 503 (0.1%)
Croatian: 41 (0.0%)
Serbian: 6 (0.0%)
Other or unknown: 640 (0.2%)

According to the census of 1910, the county was composed of the following religious communities:^[4]

Total:

Greek Catholic: 254,215 (71.1%)
Jewish: 65,694 (18.4%)
Roman Catholic: 26,204 (7.3%)
Calvinist: 9,646 (2.7%)
Eastern Orthodox: 1,437 (0.4%)
Lutheran: 464 (0.1%)
Unitarian: 42 (0.0%)
Other or unknown: 3 (0.0%)

Subdivisions

In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Máramaros county were:

Districts (járás)
District	Capital
Dolha	Dolha, UA Dovhe
Huszt	Huszt, UA Khust
Izavölgy	Dragomérfalva, RO Dragomirești
Ökörmező	Ökörmező, UA Mizhhir'ya
Sugatag	Aknasugatag, RO Ocna Șugatag
Sziget	Máramarossziget, RO Sighetu Marmației
Taracviz	Taracköz, UA Teresva
Técső	Técső, UA Tiachiv
Tiszavölgy	Rahó, UA Rakhiv
Visó	Felsővisó, RO Vișeu de Sus
Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város)
Máramarossziget, RO Sighetu Marmației

Rakhiv, Teresva, Tiachiv, Khust, Dovhe and Mizhhir'ya are now in Ukraine; Sighetu Marmației, Ocna Șugatag, Dragomirești and Vișeu de Sus are now in Romania.

References

1. ^Máramaros, A Pallas nagy lexikona {{hu icon}}
2. ^Györffy György: Máramarosvármegye (4: 118)
3. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://kt.lib.pte.hu/cgi-bin/kt.cgi?konyvtar/kt06042201/0_0_3_pg_23.html |title=KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár |publisher=Kt.lib.pte.hu |date= |accessdate=2012-06-26}}
4. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://kt.lib.pte.hu/cgi-bin/kt.cgi?konyvtar/kt06042201/0_0_3_pg_31.html |title=KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár |publisher=Kt.lib.pte.hu |date= |accessdate=2012-06-26}}

3 : Counties in the Kingdom of Hungary|Maramureș|History of Carpathian Ruthenia

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