| 词条 | Münsingen | ||||
| 释义 |
| subject_name = Münsingen | image_photo = Pfarrhaus03455.jpg | image_caption = Münsingen rectory building | snow_image = Schloss Muensingen Schweiz-1.jpg | snow_imagecaption = Münsingen Castle | municipality_name = Münsingen | municipality_type = municipality | imagepath_coa = Muensingen-Blazono.jpg|pixel_coa= | map = | languages = German | canton = Bern | iso-code-region = CH-BE | district = Bern-Mittelland |coordinates = {{coord|46|52|N|7|34|E|display=inline,title}} |lat_NS=N|long_EW=E | postal_code = 3110 | municipality_code = 0616 | area = 8.5 | elevation = 541|elevation_description= | population = 11355 | populationof = Dec. 2011 | popofyear = 2011 | website = www.muensingen.ch | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident|list_of_mayors = | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 7 | parliament_name = Gemeindeparlament | parliament_number_of_members = 30 | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= Belp, Gerzensee, Konolfingen, Rubigen, Tägertschi, Trimstein, Wichtrach | twintowns = Münsingen (Germany), Humpolec (Czech Republic) |}}Münsingen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipality of Trimstein merged into Münsingen, and on 1 January 2017 the former municipality of Tägertschi also merged.[1] The village lies on the River Aare between the cities of Bern and Thun. HistoryMünsingen developed from a Celtic village first settled in around 400 BC. The origin of the name is unclear, though attributed to the Alamanni. During the early and middle La Tene era the residents of the village built about 220 tombs along the Aare river. Some of the men were buried with their weapons and the women and children were buried with jewelry. A total of 1,200 items were discovered from the village. The rich collection of artifacts and the clear stratigraphic layers at Münsingen have helped archeologists to develop a model for dating isolated graves from Germany to Romania to Italy. The relatively small number of individuals combined with the rich grave goods indicate that the settlement at Münsingen was home to Celtic nobility. Two of the graves contain skulls that show evidence of trepanation or holes bored into the skull.[2] During the Roman era there was a country estate or very small settlement near where the village church stands today. Scattered fragments of a wall and a bath house have been discovered. The bath house floor was decorated with mosaics depicting fishes and the god Oceanus. The bath house is probably from the 2nd century AD.[2] Münsingen is first mentioned between 993 and 1010 as Munisingam when King Rudolph III of Burgundy granted it to Count Kuno.[2] It passed through the hands of the Kyburgs and the Zähringens. Then, in the 13th and 14th centuries Münsingen came under the lordship of the Senn knights from whom the present arms of the municipality are derived. In 1377, the last member of the family sold the town to a wealthy family in Bern. It passed through several families before the city of Bern gradually acquired all the rights to the town.[2] As an important gathering-place during the Peasants' War, and in the ensuing process of democratization, Münsingen played a major part in the history of the canton of Bern. Originally, the town was ruled from a castle located on the heights above the Müli valley. However, this building fell into ruin and little is known about it. By the 12th century another castle was built in Münsingen town. The Senn family ruled the town from this castle. However, it was demolished by Bern in 1311. A wooden outbuilding was built on the castle lands three years later, in 1314. In 1550 the Schultheiss Hans Franz Nägeli rebuilt the castle building into Münsingen Castle. It was renovated and repaired in 1749–53. In 1977 the municipality acquired the castle and converted it into a municipal museum. The wooden outbuilding was rebuilt in 1570 into a country estate house by the Schultheiss Johannes Steiger. It was purchased in 1877 by the Canton of Bern and converted into a cantonal psychiatric clinic.[2] GeographyMünsingen has an area of {{Swiss area|0616|mi=on}}.{{Swiss area data|0616|QUELLE}} Before the 2017 merger, the area of the municipality was {{convert|12.11|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Of this area, {{convert|3.97|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 46.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while {{convert|1.45|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 17.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, {{convert|2.98|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 35.1% is settled (buildings or roads), {{convert|0.12|km2|acre|abbr=on}} or 1.4% is either rivers or lakes and {{convert|0.02|km2|acre|abbr=on}} or 0.2% is unproductive land.[2] Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 2.4% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 20.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 8.3%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 3.3%. Out of the forested land, 15.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.3% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 38.1% is used for growing crops and 6.6% is pastures, while 2.1% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.[2] The municipality is located in the Aare valley and includes the village of Münsingen, and the canton's psychiatric clinic. On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Konolfingen, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Bern-Mittelland.[1] Coat of armsThe blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules a Chief and a Pale Argent.[3] DemographicsMünsingen has a population ({{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|lc=on}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-BE|0616}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-BE}} {{as of|2010}}, 9.2% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of 0.1%. Migration accounted for -0.1%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.1%.[4] Most of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) speaks German (10,164 or 92.9%) as their first language, Italian is the second most common (160 or 1.5%) and French is the third (117 or 1.1%). There are 9 people who speak Romansh.[12] {{as of|2008}}, the population was 47.8% male and 52.2% female. The population was made up of 4,644 Swiss men (42.8% of the population) and 535 (4.9%) non-Swiss men. There were 5,203 Swiss women (48.0%) and 463 (4.3%) non-Swiss women.[5] Of the population in the municipality, 2,660 or about 24.3% were born in Münsingen and lived there in 2000. There were 4,905 or 44.8% who were born in the same canton, while 1,714 or 15.7% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 1,167 or 10.7% were born outside of Switzerland.[12]{{as of|2011}}, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 20.4% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 58.4% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 21.2%.[4]{{as of|2000}}, there were 4,580 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 5,256 married individuals, 571 widows or widowers and 530 individuals who are divorced.[6]{{as of|2000}}, there were 1,386 households that consist of only one person and 249 households with five or more people. {{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, a total of 4,274 apartments (93.7% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 210 apartments (4.6%) were seasonally occupied and 78 apartments (1.7%) were empty.[7] {{as of|2010}}, the construction rate of new housing units was 3.4 new units per 1000 residents.[4] The vacancy rate for the municipality, {{as of|2011|alt=in 2011}}, was 1.08%.The historical population is given in the following chart:[8][9] Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8) ImageSize = width: auto height:200 barincrement:45 PlotArea = top:20 left:35 bottom:20 right:35 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:11000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:2000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:400 start:0 PlotData= color:yellowgreen width: 35 mark:(line,white) align:center bar:1764 from:start till:555 text:"555" bar:1850 from:start till:1202 text:"1,202" bar:1860 from:start till:1111 text:"1,111" bar:1870 from:start till:1209 text:"1,209" bar:1880 from:start till:1288 text:"1,288" bar:1888 from:start till:1311 text:"1,311" bar:1900 from:start till:2306 text:"2,306" bar:1910 from:start till:2994 text:"2,994" bar:1920 from:start till:3436 text:"3,436" bar:1930 from:start till:4012 text:"4,012" bar:1941 from:start till:4523 text:"4,523" bar:1950 from:start till:5250 text:"5,250" bar:1960 from:start till:6051 text:"6,051" bar:1970 from:start till:8350 text:"8,350" bar:1980 from:start till:9340 text:"9,340" bar:1990 from:start till:10101 text:"10,101" bar:2000 from:start till:10937 text:"10,937" Heritage sites of national significanceThe Münsingen Clinic Building, the village rectory and the USM factory and corporate offices are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance. The facility and grounds around Münsingen Clinic are part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.[10] Main sights
AdministrationMünsingen is administered by a seven-member council and a 30-seat municipal assembly. PoliticsIn the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 21.4% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (19.1%), the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (16.7%) and the Green Party (12.8%). In the federal election, a total of 4,488 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 55.3%.[11] ReligionFrom the {{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}, 7,464 or 68.2% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 1,472 or 13.5% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 57 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.52% of the population), there were 7 individuals (or about 0.06% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 1,181 individuals (or about 10.80% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 6 individuals (or about 0.05% of the population) who were Jewish, and 261 (or about 2.39% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 21 individuals who were Buddhist, 88 individuals who were Hindu and 4 individuals who belonged to another church. 687 (or about 6.28% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 271 individuals (or about 2.48% of the population) did not answer the question.[6] EconomyMünsingen's most important enterprise is the firm of USM (Ulrich Schaerer Münsingen), internationally known producers of office furniture. {{as of|2011|In 2011}}, Münsingen had an unemployment rate of 1.8%. {{as of|2008}}, there were a total of 5,778 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 48 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 16 businesses involved in this sector. 1,485 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 91 businesses in this sector. 4,245 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 398 businesses in this sector.[4] There were 5,729 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 45.4% of the workforce.{{as of|2008|alt=In 2008}} there were a total of 4,680 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 37, of which 36 were in agriculture and 1 was in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 1,386 of which 1,042 or (75.2%) were in manufacturing and 327 (23.6%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 3,257. In the tertiary sector; 756 or 23.2% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 56 or 1.7% were in the movement and storage of goods, 153 or 4.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 63 or 1.9% were in the information industry, 113 or 3.5% were the insurance or financial industry, 188 or 5.8% were technical professionals or scientists, 400 or 12.3% were in education and 1,175 or 36.1% were in health care.[12]{{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, there were 3,211 workers who commuted into the municipality and 3,464 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.1 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.[13] Of the working population, 31.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 38.1% used a private car.[4]EducationEducational provision in Münsingen covers all levels from primary school, through middle and secondary schools (Realschule and Sekundarschule), up to senior-level education (Vorgymnasium). In Münsingen about 4,747 or (43.4%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 1,504 or (13.8%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 1,504 who completed tertiary schooling, 73.5% were Swiss men, 19.5% were Swiss women, 4.8% were non-Swiss men and 2.2% were non-Swiss women.[6] The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.[14] D During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 1,341 students attending classes in Münsingen. There were 10 kindergarten classes with a total of 177 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 14.1% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 19.8% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 34 primary classes and 682 students. Of the primary students, 11.6% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 16.7% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were 23 lower secondary classes with a total of 454 students. There were 8.4% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 9.9% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The remainder of the students attend a private or special school.[15] {{as of|2000}}, there were 204 students in Münsingen who came from another municipality, while 355 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[13]Twinned municipalitiesMünsingen is twinned with:
Notable people
References1. ^1 [https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/grundlagen/amtl-gemeindeverzeichnis.html#mutationsmeldungen__content_bfs_de_home_grundlagen_agvch_jcr_content_par_tabs Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] {{de icon}} accessed 4 January 2017 2. ^1 Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data {{de icon}} accessed 25 March 2010 3. ^Flags of the World.com accessed 2 May 2013 4. ^1 2 3 4 Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 2 May 2013 5. ^Statistical office of the Canton of Bern {{de icon}} accessed 4 January 2012 6. ^1 2 3 4 STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809142611/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true |date=9 August 2013 }} {{de icon}} accessed 2 February 2011 7. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907111534/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_09%20-%20Bau-%20und%20Wohnungswesen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen.asp?lang=1&prod=09&secprod=2&openChild=true |date=7 September 2014 }} {{de icon}} accessed 28 January 2011 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{HDS|364|Münsingen}} 9. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930162751/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.4%20-%201850-2000/40.4%20-%201850-2000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=4&openChild=true |date=30 September 2014 }} {{de icon}} accessed 29 January 2011 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html|title=Kantonsliste A-Objekte|year=2009|work=KGS Inventar|publisher=Federal Office of Civil Protection|language=German|accessdate=25 April 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628110559/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html|archivedate=28 June 2010|df=dmy-all}} 11. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2011 Election {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114214422/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/05/03.html |date=14 November 2013 }} {{de icon}} accessed 8 May 2012 12. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225013454/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true |date=25 December 2014 }} {{de icon}} accessed 28 January 2011 13. ^1 Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120804043150/http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/stat/pendler/pop.php |date=4 August 2012 }} {{de icon}} accessed 24 June 2010 14. ^{{Cite report |title=Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Liechtenstein |url= http://edudoc.ch/record/35128/files/Schulsystem_alle.pdf |author= EDK/CDIP/IDES |year= 2010 |accessdate= 24 June 2010 }} 15. ^Schuljahr 2010/11 pdf document{{de icon}} accessed 4 January 2012 External links{{Commons category|Münsingen BE}}
4 : Municipalities of the canton of Bern|Cities in Switzerland|Populated places on the Aare|Cultural property of national significance in the canton of Bern |
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