| 词条 | Vanita Gupta |
| 释义 |
| name = Vanita Gupta | image = File:Vanita Gupta.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{birth based on age as of date|39|2014|10|15}}[1] | birth_place = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | residence = | death_date = | death_place = | office = United States Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division {{small|Acting}} | term_start = October 20, 2014 | term_end = January 20, 2017 | predecessor = Molly J. Moran | successor = Thomas E. Wheeler II | party = | religion = | occupation = | majority = | relations = | spouse = Chinh Q. Le | children = Two sons | website = | footnotes = | education = Yale University (B.A.) New York University (J.D.) }}Vanita Gupta is an American attorney. She is the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights. Previously, she was the Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General and head of the Civil Rights Division at the U.S. Department of Justice until January 20, 2017. She was appointed to lead the division and serve as the chief civil rights prosecutor for the United States by Barack Obama in October 2014.[2] Gupta oversaw a wide range of criminal and civil enforcement efforts to ensure equal justice and protect equal opportunity for all during one of the most consequential periods for the division. Formerly, she was a civil rights lawyer and the Deputy Legal Director of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), where she oversaw its national criminal justice reform efforts.[3] Prior to that, she was Assistant Counsel at the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund (LDF). Throughout her career, she has drawn support from a wide range of liberal and conservative activists, as well as law enforcement leaders, for building collaborative support and finding common ground on policing and criminal justice reform.[4][5] Early lifeGupta was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Indian immigrant parents.[1] She received her B.A. degree magna cum laude from Yale University.[6] She received her J.D. degree from New York University School of Law in 2001.[7] CareerHer first case, while working for the LDF directly after law school, involved 40 African Americans and 6 white or Latino people who were romantic partners of African Americans in Tulia, Texas, who had been convicted by all-white juries on drug dealing charges.[8] In almost every case, the only evidence was the testimony of an undercover agent, Tom Coleman. Coleman did not use wiretaps or marked money and records showed that he had "filed shoddy reports".[9] He had previous misdemeanor charges for stealing gasoline from a county pump and abuse of official capacity.[9] Gupta won the release of her clients in 2003, four years after they were jailed, then negotiated a $6 million settlement for those arrested.[8][10] In August 2017, director Seth Gordon announced that he would be directing a film called Tulia about the case.[11] In 2007, after becoming a staff attorney at the American Civil Liberties Union, Gupta filed a lawsuit that was subsequently settled with the Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency on detention conditions for asylum seekers.[12] In August 2007, a landmark agreement was reached between ACLU and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, under which the conditions in the T. Don Hutto detention center improved and a number of children from the center were released.[12] On August 6, 2009, the Department of Homeland Security announced intentions to improve the nation's immigration detention system, including ending family detention at the T. Don Hutto family detention center in Taylor, Texas.[13] After her time as a staff attorney at the ACLU, she served as its Deputy Legal Director and Director of its Center for Justice.[14] She has been credited with pioneering the ACLU's National Campaign to End Mass Incarceration.[15] Department of JusticeUnder Gupta's leadership, the Civil Rights Division worked to advance criminal justice reform and constitutional policing, including by investigating and working to reform police departments in Ferguson, Missouri;[16][17] Cleveland; Baltimore, and Chicago, among other cities. Gupta also oversaw a wide range of other enforcement efforts for the Division. This work included prosecuting hate crimes and human trafficking, promoting disability rights, protecting the rights of LGBT individuals and combating discrimination in education, employment, housing, lending and voting.[18][19] She regularly engaged with a broad range of stakeholders in the course of this work. Recent Justice Department casesGupta's tenure was marked by several high profile matters that included the investigations of the Ferguson, Baltimore, and Chicago police departments; the appeals of the Texas and North Carolina voter ID cases; the challenge to North Carolina’s HB2 law and other transgender rights litigation; enforcement of education, land use, hate crimes, and other statutes to combat Islamophobia and other forms of religious discrimination; the issuance of statements of interest on bail and indigent defense reform, and letters to state and local court judges and administrators on the unlawful imposition of fines and fees in criminal justice system; and the Administration’s report on solitary confinement. In 2016, under Gupta's leadership, the division sued North Carolina, alleging that the state's implementation of a law known as House Bill 2 discriminates against transgender individuals in violation of federal civil rights laws.[20] In August 2016, Gupta announced the division's findings of its civil investigation into the Baltimore Police Department (BPD). The division found that BPD engages in a pattern or practice of conduct that violates the Constitution and federal statutory law, including unconstitutional stops, searches, and arrests; excessive force and enforcement strategies that produce an unjustified disparate impact on African-American residents.[21] References1. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/obama-to-nominate-aclu-lawyer-to-lead-justice-departments-civil-rights-division/2014/10/15/3630985e-5472-11e4-892e-602188e70e9c_story.html|title=Obama to nominate ACLU lawyer to lead Justice Department’s civil rights division| work= Washington Post|access-date=2016-05-14}} 2. ^{{cite news|last1=Holder|first1= Eric|title= Attorney General Holder Announces Vanita Gupta to Serve as Acting Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division|url= http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/attorney-general-holder-announces-vanita-gupta-serve-acting-assistant-attorney-general-civil|accessdate=8 March 2015|publisher=US Dept. of Justice|date=14 Oct 2014}} 3. ^{{Cite news | title = Biography of Vanita Gupta, The Huffington Post Blog Contributor | newspaper= The Huffington Post | accessdate = November 19, 2010 | url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/vanita-gupta}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2016/06/09/481393590/for-civil-rights-chief-fighting-for-the-outsider-is-deeply-personal|title=For Civil Rights Chief, Fighting For The Outsider Is Deeply Personal|last=Brookins|first= Freddie|website=NPR.org|access-date= 2016-10-22}} 5. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/obama-to-nominate-aclu-lawyer-to-lead-justice-departments-civil-rights-division/2014/10/15/3630985e-5472-11e4-892e-602188e70e9c_story.html|title=Obama to nominate ACLU lawyer to lead Justice Department’s civil rights division|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=2016-10-22}} 6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.aclu.org/bio/vanita-gupta|title=Vanita Gupta|work= ACLU.org | publisher= American Civil Liberties Union|access-date= 2017-07-27|language=en}} 7. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/16/nyregion/public-lives-young-lawyer-old-issue-seeking-social-justice.html|title=PUBLIC LIVES; Young Lawyer, Old Issue: Seeking Social Justice|date=April 16, 2003|newspaper=The New York Times| first= Lynda | last= Richardson|accessdate= August 7, 2009}} 8. ^1 {{Cite web|title=India Abroad Awards, Bhardwaj is ‘India Abroad Person of the Year,’ Gupta gets Special Award |website=News India-Times.com |date= December 17, 2004 | first=M. | last= Chooki |accessdate=August 7, 2009 |url=http://www.newsindia-times.com/nit/2004/12/17/newsmakers29-top.html |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061115135954/http://www.newsindia-times.com/nit/2004/12/17/newsmakers29-top.html |archivedate=November 15, 2006 }} 9. ^1 {{Cite news | title = Texas Attorney General Opens An Inquiry Into '99 Drug Sweep | newspaper= The New York Times | date = August 29, 2002 | author = Jim Yardley | accessdate = August 7, 2009 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/29/us/texas-attorney-general-opens-an-inquiry-into-99-drug-sweep.html }} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/principal-deputy-assistant-attorney-general-vanita-gupta-delivers-remarks-yale-law|title= Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General Vanita Gupta Delivers Remarks at Yale law School's Law and Inequality Conference|last= Gupta|first=Vanita|date=2015-10-16|website= US Dept. of Justice|publisher=|access-date= 2016-08-11}} 11. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/seth-gordon-direct-tulia-story-notorious-racial-injustice-case-1028276|title=Seth Gordon to Direct 'Tulia,' Story of Notorious Racial Injustice Case (Exclusive)|work=The Hollywood Reporter| access-date=2017-08-11|language= en}} 12. ^1 {{Cite web | title = Landmark Settlement Announced in Federal Lawsuit Challenging Conditions at Immigrant Detention Center in Texas | publisher = American Civil Liberties Union | date = August 27, 2007 | accessdate = August 7, 2009 | url = https://www.aclu.org/immigrants/detention/31469prs20070827.html }} 13. ^{{Cite web | title = Major victory for Indian American lawyer | publisher = Rediff | date = August 7, 2009 | author = Aziz Haniffa | location = Washington, DC | accessdate = August 7, 2009 | url = http://news.rediff.com/report/2009/aug/07/major-victory-for-indian-american-attorney.htm }} 14. ^{{cite news|last1=Holder|first1=Eric|title= Attorney General Holder Announces Vanita Gupta to Serve as Acting Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division|url=http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/attorney-general-holder-announces-vanita-gupta-serve-acting-assistant-attorney-general-civil|accessdate=8 March 2015|agency=United States Department of Justice|date=14 Oct 2014}} 15. ^{{Cite web|url= http://blogs.law.nyu.edu/magazine/2015/a-head-with-heart/|title=A Head with Heart {{!}} NYU Law Magazine|last=Rodriguez|first=Gina|date=August 1, 2015|website=NYU Law Magazine|series=The People, 2015|archive-url=|access-date=2016-05-14}} 16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://politics.uchicago.edu/news/entry/a-look-at-the-doj-ferguson-probe-with-vanita-gupta|title=A look at the DOJ’s Ferguson Probe with head of the Civil Rights Division Vanita Gupta|website=politics.uchicago.edu|access-date= 2016-05-14}} 17. ^{{cite news|last1= Robertson|first1=Campbell|last2=Dewan|first2= Shaila|last3=Apuzzo|first3=Matt|title= Ferguson Became Symbol, but Bias Knows No Border|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/08/us/ferguson-became-symbol-but-bias-knows-no-border.html |accessdate=8 March 2015| work= The New York Times|publisher=New York Times Company|date=7 March 2015}} 18. ^{{cite news|title=About the Civil Rights Division|url=https://www.justice.gov/crt/about-division|accessdate=30 June 2016| publisher= US Dept. of Justice}} 19. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/blog/helping-schools-ensure-civil-rights-transgender-students|title=Helping Schools Ensure the Civil Rights of Transgender Students |date=May 13, 2016|website= justice.gov | publisher= Office of Public Affairs, US Dept. of Justice|access-date= 2016-05-14}} 20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-files-complaint-against-state-north-carolina-stop-discrimination-against|title=Justice Department Files Complaint Against the State of North Carolina to Stop Discrimination Against Transgender Individuals|website= justice.gov|access-date= 2016-08-18}} 21. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-announces-findings-investigation-baltimore-police-department|title=Justice Department Announces Findings of Investigation into Baltimore Police Department|website=www.justice.gov|access-date=2016-08-18}} External links
8 : American Civil Liberties Union people|American lawyers|American women lawyers|Living people|New York University School of Law alumni|Yale University alumni|American politicians of Indian descent|Year of birth missing (living people) |
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