| 词条 | Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador |
| 释义 |
| official_name = Nain | other_name =Nunajnguk | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = Inuit community | motto = | image_skyline = Nain, NL as viewed from Mt. Sophie.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = Nain as viewed from Mt. Sophie, September 2011. | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | city_logo = | citylogo_size = | pushpin_map = Canada Newfoundland and Labrador | pushpin_label_position = left | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Nain in the province | pushpin_mapsize = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{CAN}} | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = {{NL}} | subdivision_type3 = Region | subdivision_name3 = Nunatsiavut | established_title = Settled | established_date = 1771 | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | government_type = Inuit Community Government | government_footnotes = | leader_title = Mayor (AngajukKâk) | leader_name = Joe Dicker | leader_title1 = Federal MP | leader_name1 = Yvonne Jones (L) | leader_title2 = Provincial MHA | leader_name2 = Randy Edmunds (L) | leader_title3 = Nunatsiavut Assembly members | leader_name3 = Sean Lyall Richard Pamak | unit_pref = | area_footnotes =[1] | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_km2 = 94.58 | area_land_sq_mi = | area_land_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_urban_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | population_as_of = 2016 | population_note = | population_footnotes =[1] | population_total = 1,125 | population_urban = | population_metro = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_km2 = 11.9 | timezone = AST | utc_offset = -4 | timezone_DST = Atlantic Daylight Saving Time | utc_offset_DST = -3 | coordinates = {{coord|56|32|32|N|61|41|34|W|region:CA-NL|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_ft = | elevation_m = 11 | postal_code_type = Postal code span | postal_code = A0P | area_code = 709 | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | footnotes = }} Nain or Naina (Inuit: Nunajnguk)[2] is the northernmost permanent settlement in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, located about {{convert|370|km}} by air from Happy Valley-Goose Bay. The town was established as a Moravian mission in 1771 by Jens Haven and other missionaries. As of 2011, the population is 1,424 mostly Inuit and mixed Inuit-European. HistoryNain was first established in 1771 by Moravian missionaries. It is among the oldest permanent Inuit settlements in Canada, most communities in Nunavut and Nunavik were settled in the 1950s or later. It is also the oldest continuously-inhabited community in Labrador after North West River. Nain has also been called "Nonynuke", "Nuninock" and "Nunaingoakh".[3] The missionaries also established posts in Hopedale and areas in the north such as Hebron and Okak. The first Inuk to be baptized in Nain was a man named Kingminguse who took the name "Petrus" after conversion and then returned to southern Labrador where he used the name "Petrus Kingminguse" and died in 1800.[4] Many Inuit in the south traveled to the Moravian posts in the north to be baptized and then returned to the south. The Moravians established posts only in northern areas since the Colony of Newfoundland hoped to colonize southern Labrador. In 1773, it was claimed that over 250 Inuit lived in Nain.[3] In 1893, Nain's residents adopted patrilineal surnames at the request of Newfoundland courts. Many people took names of the missionaries (such as "Kohlmeister" and Townley") while others chose traditional names such as "Aggek", "Karpik", "Mitsuk" and "Nochasak". In 1959, residents of Hebron and Nutak resettled to Nain, Hopedale, Makkovik and Happy Valley-Goose Bay. The relocation had a huge impact on residents of Hebron and Nutak since the land in Nain (and other communities) was very different (resulting in difficulties when hunting) and many families were divided. Poverty and alcoholism has affected many of the families that originated in Hebron and Nutak. The provincial government apologized for the relocations in 2005. Many Inuit from Hebron were relocated to Nain by the provincial government after the Moravian mission at Hebron was closed under government pressure in 1959. In 2016, the Google Street View imaging service uploaded images of various roads in Nain. Nain is one of the few communities in Labrador with images on the service. NunatsiavutOn December 1, 2005, Nain became the administrative capital of the autonomous region of Nunatsiavut which is the name chosen by the Labrador Inuit when the Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agreement Act was successfully ratified by the Canadian Government and the Inuit of Labrador. Hopedale, further south, is the legislative capital.[5] The land claim cedes limited self-rule for the Nunatsiavut government in Northern Labrador and North-Eastern Quebec, granting title and aboriginal rights.[5] The land that comprises the Nunatsiavut government is called the Labrador Inuit Settlement Area, or LISA, which amount to approximately {{convert|72,500|km2|abbr=on}}.[6] The Inuit of Labrador do not own this land per se, but they do have special rights related to traditional land use as aboriginals. That said, the Labrador Inuit will own {{convert|15,000|km2|abbr=on}} within the Settlement Area, officially designated as Labrador Inuit Lands. The Agreement also provides for the establishment of the Torngat Mountains National Park Reserve, consisting of about {{convert|9,600|km2|sqmi}} of land within LISA.[6][7] Nunatsiavut is not to be confused with the Nunavut territory. GeographyNain is located on the north side of Unity Bay, a small inlet. The bay is open to the Atlantic Ocean but Nain's harbour is protected by numerous islands, the largest of which is Paul's Island. From Nain to the open Labrador Sea is approximately {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} east through Strathcona Run. Nain is inaccessible by road and may be reached only by air or sea. ClimateAlthough located at the same latitude as Ketchikan on North America's west coast or Moscow and marine Scotland and southern Scandinavia in Europe, the influence of the Labrador Current gives Nain a marginal subarctic climate that is very close to a polar climate (ET), which creates the southernmost tree line in the northern hemisphere on the adjacent coast. The southernmost tundra is actually still in a zone of discontinuous permafrost rather than the much more typical continuous zone.[8] The almost constant presence of the Icelandic Low means that precipitation, both as rain and snow, is exceptionally heavy for so consistently cold a climate in a low-lying area, with {{convert|5|m}} of snow falling each winter. The actual depth of snow on the ground averages {{convert|1.13|m|in|0}} at the end of March. {{Clear}}{{Weather box|location = Nain (1981–2010 normals) |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 10.5 |Feb record high C = 7.6 |Mar record high C = 12.1 |Apr record high C = 14.5 |May record high C = 25.6 |Jun record high C = 33.3 |Jul record high C = 33.3 |Aug record high C = 32.7 |Sep record high C = 26.1 |Oct record high C = 19.4 |Nov record high C = 11.7 |Dec record high C = 6.7 |year record high C = 33.3 |Jan high C = -13.5 |Feb high C = -13.0 |Mar high C = -7.5 |Apr high C = 0.0 |May high C = 5.6 |Jun high C = 11.0 |Jul high C = 14.9 |Aug high C = 15.8 |Sep high C = 11.5 |Oct high C = 5.1 |Nov high C = -1.3 |Dec high C = -8.1 |Jan mean C = −17.6 |Feb mean C = −17.4 |Mar mean C = −12.5 |Apr mean C = -4.6 |May mean C = 1.5 |Jun mean C = 6.4 |Jul mean C = 10.1 |Aug mean C = 11.0 |Sep mean C = 7.5 |Oct mean C = 2.1 |Nov mean C = -4.4 |Dec mean C = −11.8 |Jan low C = -21.6 |Feb low C = -21.8 |Mar low C = -17.4 |Apr low C = -9.1 |May low C = -2.5 |Jun low C = 1.8 |Jul low C = 5.3 |Aug low C = 6.1 |Sep low C = 3.4 |Oct low C = -1.0 |Nov low C = -7.5 |Dec low C = -15.4 |Jan record low C = -39.4 |Feb record low C = -38.3 |Mar record low C = -37.0 |Apr record low C = -31.1 |May record low C = -17.5 |Jun record low C = -6.7 |Jul record low C = -2.8 |Aug record low C = -2.8 |Sep record low C = -6.7 |Oct record low C = -19.0 |Nov record low C = -24.4 |Dec record low C = -41.5 |Jan chill = -52.9 |Feb chill = -59.5 |Mar chill = -54 |Apr chill = -41.3 |May chill = -20.8 |Jun chill = -10.1 |Jul chill = -5 |Aug chill = -3.4 |Sep chill = -9.1 |Oct chill = -31.2 |Nov chill = -33.3 |Dec chill = -55.5 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 83.8 |Feb precipitation mm = 70.9 |Mar precipitation mm = 73.6 |Apr precipitation mm = 71.1 |May precipitation mm = 57.0 |Jun precipitation mm = 83.4 |Jul precipitation mm = 98.6 |Aug precipitation mm = 71.5 |Sep precipitation mm = 81.9 |Oct precipitation mm = 74.2 |Nov precipitation mm = 77.6 |Dec precipitation mm = 81.9 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 3.1 |Feb rain mm = 5.1 |Mar rain mm = 5.5 |Apr rain mm = 14.1 |May rain mm = 30.2 |Jun rain mm = 70.1 |Jul rain mm = 98.6 |Aug rain mm = 71.5 |Sep rain mm = 79.9 |Oct rain mm = 49.7 |Nov rain mm = 14.1 |Dec rain mm = 8.4 |snow colour = green |Jan snow cm = 80.9 |Feb snow cm = 65.9 |Mar snow cm = 68.2 |Apr snow cm = 56.9 |May snow cm = 26.7 |Jun snow cm = 13.3 |Jul snow cm = 0.0 |Aug snow cm = 0.0 |Sep snow cm = 2.0 |Oct snow cm = 24.5 |Nov snow cm = 63.5 |Dec snow cm = 73.4 |unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm |Jan precipitation days = 14.1 |Feb precipitation days = 12.0 |Mar precipitation days = 13.1 |Apr precipitation days = 13.7 |May precipitation days = 13.0 |Jun precipitation days = 15.0 |Jul precipitation days = 16.0 |Aug precipitation days = 15.4 |Sep precipitation days = 15.3 |Oct precipitation days = 14.6 |Nov precipitation days = 13.8 |Dec precipitation days = 14.1 |unit rain days = 0.2 mm |Jan rain days = 1.0 |Feb rain days = 1.0 |Mar rain days = 1.6 |Apr rain days = 3.4 |May rain days = 8.3 |Jun rain days = 14.2 |Jul rain days = 16.2 |Aug rain days = 15.4 |Sep rain days = 15.2 |Oct rain days = 10.1 |Nov rain days = 3.1 |Dec rain days = 1.8 |unit snow days = 0.2 cm |Jan snow days = 13.9 |Feb snow days = 11.7 |Mar snow days = 12.8 |Apr snow days = 12.2 |May snow days = 7.7 |Jun snow days = 2.9 |Jul snow days = 0.0 |Aug snow days = 0.0 |Sep snow days = 0.8 |Oct snow days = 7.4 |Nov snow days = 12.6 |Dec snow days = 13.3 |source 1 = Environment Canada[9] }} Local governmentThe town is governed by a seven-member council composed of a mayor (or Angajukĸâk), deputy mayor (Deputy Angajukĸâk), and five councilors. In 2004 Sarah Leo was the mayor with George Lyall as deputy mayor, while the remaining councilors were Mary White, Isabella Pain, Margaret Fox, Duane Dicker, and Jacob Larkin.[10] The Town Council formally changed its name from "Nain Town Council" to "Nain Inuit Community Government" in October 2006. The Nain Inuit Community Government meets once per month. Educational facilitiesNain has one kindergarten to level III school, Jens Haven Memorial, which is split between two buildings. One building contains primary grades (kindergarten to grade 3), the other houses elementary and secondary grades (grade 4 to Level III). There is also an adult basic education (ABE) program offered in town, delivered by Academy Canada. Academy Canada delivers this program in Nain and throughout Labrador in communities including Happy Valley - Goose Bay, Hopedale, Labrador City, Natuashish and Sheshatshiu. IndustryFishing is the main industry in Nain. Traditional hunting and trapping activities continue through the winter months after the fishing season has ended. MediaNain has two radio services available. CKOK-FM is a low-power (LP) re-broadcaster of CKHV broadcasting at 99.9 FM. Owned by the Okalakatiget Society, the station broadcasts a community radio format for the region's First Nations and Inuit communities. As of the end of 2014, the station now streams online (Live during Local Programming Only). There is also a local re-broadcaster of CBC Radio One (Happy Valley-Goose Bay, NL), CBNZ operating at 740 AM. TransportFlights to Nain are at Nain Airport, and are available from Happy Valley-Goose Bay on Air Labrador and Air Borealis (part of PAL Airlines). Between mid-June and mid-November (pending ice conditions), the ferry {{MV|Northern Ranger}}, operated by the Newfoundland and Labrador Government, provides weekly service[11] from Goose Bay along the Atlantic Coast, with stops in Rigolet, Makkovik, Postville, Hopedale and Natuashish. Nain is the northernmost stop on the route; the ferry stays docked at Nain for about three hours before beginning its southbound route.[11] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Nain, Town [Census subdivision], Newfoundland and Labrador and Division No. 11, Census division [Census division], Newfoundland and Labrador|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1011035&Geo2=CD&Code2=1011&Data=Count&SearchText=nain&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1|website=Statistics Canada|publisher=Government of Canada|accessdate=May 19, 2018}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/aborig/fp/fpz2d09e.shtml |title=An Aboriginal Presence - Naming the Land |publisher=Canadian Museum of Civilization |accessdate=26 December 2018}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.mun.ca/labmetis/pdf/toponymy%20final%20report.pdf |title=Toponymic and Cartographic Research Conducted for the Labrador Métis Nation |website=mun.ca |date=September 2008 |accessdate=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104223307/http://www.mun.ca/labmetis/pdf/toponymy%20final%20report.pdf |archive-date=2018-01-04 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 4. ^{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002095952/http://www.thetelegram.com/Opinion/Columns/2011-06-18/article-2593551/%26lsquoFor-them%2C-it%26rsquos-all-about-the-name%26rsquo/1 |archivedate=2 October 2012 |url=http://www.thetelegram.com/Opinion/Columns/2011-06-18/article-2593551/&lsquoFor-them,-it&rsquos-all-about-the-name&rsquo/1 |title='For them, it's all about the name' |work=The Telegram |last=Rollman |first=Hans |date=18 June 2011 |accessdate=26 December 2018}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.nunatsiavut.com/en/indexe.php |title=Nunatsiavut Government |website=nunatsiavut.com |accessdate=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100228121548/http://www.nunatsiavut.com/en/indexe.php |archive-date=2010-02-28 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 6. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://www.nunatsiavut.com/en/landclaim.php |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080609214235/http://www.nunatsiavut.com/en/landclaim.php |archive-date=2008-06-09 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 7. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.pc.gc.ca/pn-np/nl/torngats/Index_E.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022163234/http://www.pc.gc.ca/pn-np/nl/torngats/index_E.asp |archive-date=2007-10-22 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 8. ^The Atlas of Canada - Permafrost {{dead link|date=December 2018}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=Nain&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=6787&dispBack=1|title=Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010: Nain A|publisher=Environment Canada|accessdate=2 March 2019}} 10. ^ {{dead link|date=December 2018}} 11. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.tw.gov.nl.ca/ferryservices/schedules/H-goosebay-nain.stm |title=Goose Bay - Rigolet - Cartwright - Black Tickle - Ports North To Nain |work=Provincial Ferry Services |accessdate=2009-08-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811155841/http://www.tw.gov.nl.ca/FerryServices/schedules/H-goosebay-nain.stm |archivedate=2009-08-11 |df= }} External links
6 : Populated coastal places in Canada|Towns in Newfoundland and Labrador|History of the Labrador Province of the Moravian Church|Populated places in Labrador|Hudson's Bay Company trading posts|Road-inaccessible communities of Newfoundland and Labrador |
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