“Veliki Gložac Tunnel”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

European Tunnel Assessment Program (EuroTAP), a tunnel safety assessment program supported by the European Commission, coordinated by FIA and led by German motoring club ADAC, tested Veliki Gložac Tunnel in 2008, when it achieved very good results—ranking among the four safest road tunnels in Europe.^[3]

Construction

Construction of Veliki Gložac Tunnel was started by Spie Batignolles and Mediteran Union Tunel.^[4] The construction works contract was cancelled in 2001,^[5] and the works were resumed by Viadukt and Hidroelektra in 2002 after a new contract was awarded to them. Similar timeline of events also went on in case of Javorova Kosa and Podvugleš tunnels.^[6] The first, {{convert|1115|m|adj=on}} tunnel tube of Veliki Gložac Tunnel was excavated by Spie Batignolles and Mediteran Union Tunnel on August 29, 2000,^[7] while the second, somewhat longer, tube was excavated by Viadukt and Hidroelektra on November 25, 2005.^[8]

Construction of the second tunnel tube was particularly complex due to proximity of the first tunnel tube excavated in five years earlier. Since axes of the two are merely {{convert|25|m}} apart, and an oil pipeline runs nearby, blasting entailed special precautions. Since the first tunnel tube was already in use, traffic had to be suspended three times a day to allow progress of the works. Initial blast yield was lower and then gradually increased in order to achieve optimum results while maintaining safety. Finally, noise and oscillations of the first tunnel tube and the oil pipeline were constantly monitored to detect any sign of damage. Rock blasting started on June 9, 2005 and lasted until August 15, 2005, with more than 220 charges fired. At each of those times, traffic through the first tunnel tube was suspended for safety reasons.^[8]^[9] The first tube of the tunnel, now carrying southbound traffic, is further characterized by the fact that it comprises three traffic lanes instead of standard two traffic lanes.^[7]

Traffic volume

Traffic is regularly counted and reported by Autocesta Rijeka–Zagreb, operator of the A6 motorway and the tunnel, and published by Hrvatske ceste. Substantial variations between annual (AADT) and summer (ASDT) traffic volumes are attributed to the fact that the motorway carries substantial tourist traffic to Istria and Kvarner Gulf resorts. The traffic count is performed using analysis of toll ticket sales.^[10]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web | publisher= Hidroelektra | language= Croatian | url= http://www.hidroelektra-niskogradnja.hr/Reference/tuneli.html | title= Tuneli | trans-title= Tunnels | accessdate= October 10, 2010 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100713175216/http://www.hidroelektra-niskogradnja.hr/Reference/tuneli.html | archive-date= July 13, 2010 | dead-url= yes | df= mdy-all }}
2. ^{{cite web | publisher= Viadukt | url= http://www.viadukt.hr/en/projects/tunnels/tunnel-veliki-glozac-rijeka-zagreb-highway | title= Tunnel "Veliki Gložac" Rijeka-Zagreb highway | accessdate= October 10, 2010}}
3. ^{{cite news | newspaper = Poslovni dnevnik | url = http://www.poslovni.hr/vijesti/tunel-veliki-glozac-medu-cetiri-najbolja-u-europi-77516.aspx | title= Tunel Veliki Gložac među četiri najbolja u Europi |trans-title=Veliki Gložac Tunnel among the top four in Europe | date= April 23, 2008 | accessdate = October 10, 2010}}
4. ^{{cite web | publisher= Government of Croatia | language= Croatian | url= http://www.vlada.hr/hr/naslovnica/sjednice_i_odluke_vlade_rh/2001/103_sjednica_vlade_republike_hrvatske | title= 103. sjednica Vlade Republike Hrvatske |trans-title=The 103rd session of the Government of the Republic of Croatia | date= July 26, 2001 | accessdate= October 9, 2010}}
5. ^{{cite news | newspaper= Novi list | language= Croatian | url= http://novine.novilist.hr/default.asp?WCI=Pretrazivac&WCU=285B2858286328592863285A28582858285A286328962897289E28632863285A285D285D285C28632863286328582863O | title= Spie Batignoles napustio tunele |trans-title=Spie Batignolles leaves the tunnels | date= January 30, 2002 | accessdate= October 10, 2010}}
6. ^{{cite news | newspaper= Vjesnik | language= Croatian | url= http://www.vjesnik.hr/Pdf/2002%5C09%5C21%5C02A2.PDF | format= PDF | title= Račan: Tunelom Javorova Kosa provozat ćemo se za Božić | trans-title= Račan: We shall drive through Javorova Kosa Tunnel for Christmas | author= Mladen Jambrović | date= September 21, 2002 | accessdate= October 9, 2010 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
7. ^¹{{cite news | newspaper= Vjesnik | language= Croatian | url= http://www.vjesnik.hr/html/2000/08/30/Clanak.asp?r=unu&c=2 | title= Probijen tunel Veliki Gložac na autocesti Rijeka - Zagreb |trans-title=Veliki Gložac Tunnel on Rijeka - Zagreb motorway excavated | author= Mladen Jambrović | date= August 30, 2000 | accessdate= October 10, 2010}}
8. ^¹{{cite web | publisher= Ministry of Sea, Transport and Infrastructure | language= Croatian | url= http://www.mmpi.hr/default.aspx?id=1267 | title= Danas proboj druge cijevi tunela Veliki Gložac |trans-title=The second Veliki Gložac tunnel tube excavated today | date= November 25, 2005 | accessdate= October 10, 2010}}
9. ^{{cite journal | publisher= HUKA | language= Croatian | url= http://www.huka.hr/v2/objekti/publikacije/hr/2005_05.pdf | title= Izgradnja drugih cijevi tunela Čardak i Veliki Gložac | trans-title= Construction of the second tubes of Čardak and Veliki Gložac tunnels | format=PDF | issue= 5 |date=September 2005 | journal= HUKA Bilten | accessdate= October 10, 2010}}
10. ^{{cite news | newspaper = Hrvatske Ceste | format = PDF | url = http://www.hrvatske-ceste.hr/WEB%20-%20Legislativa/brojenje-prometa/CroDig2009.pdf | title = Traffic counting on the roadways of Croatia in 2009 - digest | date = May 1, 2010 | accessdate = October 5, 2010 | df = mdy-all }}{{dead link|date=July 2018|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}