| 词条 | Nakhchivan (city) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| official_name = Nakhchivan | native_name = Naxçıvan | settlement_type = City and municipality | image_skyline = File:Nakhchivan montage1.jpg|275px|alt=Nakhchivan montage. Clicking on an image in the picture causes the browser to load the appropriate article. rect 0 0 1200 441 Palace of Nakhchivan Khans rect 0 447 618 1398 Huseyn Javid Mausoleum rect 618 447 1200 1056 Monument of Babek rect 618 1056 1200 1398 Birdview of Nakhchivan downtown rect 0 1395 1200 1803 Facade of Momine Khatun Mausoleum | image_seal = Nakhchivan.png | seal_size = 80px | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Azerbaijan | coordinates = {{coord|39|12|58|N|45|24|38|E|region:AZ|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Azerbaijan}} | subdivision_type1 = Autonomous republic | subdivision_name1 = Nakhchivan | established_title = | established_date = | leader_title = | leader_name = | area_total_km2 = 15 | area_land_km2 = 14.2 | area_water_km2 = 0.8 | elevation_m = 873 | population_footnotes = [1] | population_total = 74,500 | population_as_of = 2010 census data | population_demonym = Naxçıvanli | timezone = GMT+4 | utc_offset = +4 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | website = }} Nakhchivan ({{lang-az|Naxçıvan}}, {{lang-arm|Նախիջևան}}, {{lang-fa|نخجوان}}) is the capital of the eponymous Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan, located {{convert|450|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of Baku. The municipality of Nakhchivan consists of the city of Nakhchivan, the settlement of Əliabad and the villages of Başbaşı, Bulqan, Haciniyyət, Qaraçuq, Qaraxanbəyli, Tumbul, Qarağalıq, and Daşduz.[2] It is spread over the foothills of Zangezur Mountains, on the right bank of the Nakhchivan River at an altitude of {{convert|873|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. Since June 9, 2009, by the decree of the President of the Azerbaijan Republic, the Bulqan, Garachug, Garakhanbeyli, Tumbul and Haciniyyət villages of the Babek Rayon are included in the scope of the administrative territorial unit of the Nakhchivan city.[3] EtymologyHeinrich Hübschmann argued that Nakhichevan was originally named Naxcavan, which was the result of the combination of the name Naxc and avan ("town" in Armenian), thus translates to "Naxc's town", and later evolved into Nakhichevan.[4] According to Harrison Gray Otis Dwight, Nakhichevan derives from the composition of nakh ("first" in Armenian) and ichevan ("resting-place" or "descent" in Armenian), thus translates to "first resting-place" or "first descent".[4]HistoryClassical periodLocal tradition states that Nakhichevan was founded by Noah after the Flood, and was his place of death and burial.[4] According to Saint Movses Khorenatsi, King Tigranes I of Armenia settled Median prisoners of war at Nakhichevan in the second century BC.[7] Nakhichevan is first mentioned in Ptolemy's Geographia as Naxouana ({{lang-el|Ναξουὰνα}}).[5] Nakhichevan was destroyed by Shahanshah Shapur II in 363 and its Armenian and Jewish population was deported to Iran.[6] Emperor Heraclius travelled through the city en route to Atropatene in 623 during the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628.[7] Medieval periodThe Arab siege of Nakhichevan in 650 led Theodore Rshtuni to conclude a truce.[6] After the rebellion of 703, Muhammad ibn Marwan had the rebel nobles burnt alive in churches in Nakhichevan and Goghtn in 705.[6][8] Nakhichevan temporarily came under the control of the Kingdom of Armenia in c. 900, but was swiftly taken by Muhammad ibn Abi'l-Saj.[5] The city was the temporary refuge of Atabeg Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr after his defeat at the Battle of Shamkor in 1195, and Nakhichevan was conquered by the Kingdom of Georgia in 1197.[9] In 1225, Nakhichevan was ruled by al-Maleka al-Jalāliya, daughter of Atabeg Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan.[5] Genoese merchants were known to trade in the city by 1280.[10] The city was conquered by Timur in 1401,[11] but was taken by King George VII of Georgia in 1405.[12] Modern periodNakhichevan was conquered by Shahanshah Ismail I in 1503.[13] Shahanshah Abbas I of Persia reconquered Nakhichevan from the Ottoman Empire in 1603-1604.[14] Nakhichevan was annexed to the Russian Empire per the Treaty of Turkmenchay in 1828.[15] The city became the centre of the Nakhichevansky Uyezd in the Erivan Governorate in 1849.[15] In 1896, Nakhichevan had a population of 7,433, roughly two-thirds of which were Azeri-speaking Muslims and one-third Armenian Christians.[5] After the February Revolution of 1917, a soviet was formed in Nakhichevan, but the city was under the control of the Special Transcaucasian Committee from March to November 1917, and its successor the Transcaucasian Commissariat from November 1917 to March 1918.[16] Turkey occupied Nakhichevan from June until November,[16] after which the city was occupied by British soldiers in January 1919,[17] and a military governor was appointed to administer Nakhichevan.[16] It was decided that Nakhichevan would be granted to Armenia on 6 April 1919, and the city was annexed on 6 June 1919.[18] Britain, France, Italy, and the US, with approval from Armenia and Azerbaijan, agreed on 25 October 1919 to appoint American Colonel Edmond D. Daily as General-Governor of Nakhichevan, elections would be held, and both Armenia and Azerbaijan would withdraw its forces from the territory.[19] However, in March 1920, Turkish forces led by Kâzım Karabekir occupied Nakhichevan.[17] Soviet Russia took control of Nakhichevan on 28 July 1920, and the city became part of the newly formed Nakhichevan Soviet Socialist Republic.[20] The Treaty of Moscow of 16 March 1921, and later the Treaty of Kars of 21 October 1921, between Russia and Turkey agreed that Nakhichevan would be an autonomous territory under the protection of Azerbaijan and delimited its borders with Turkey.[21][22] In February 1923, the city formed part of the Nakhichevan Autonomous Krai within the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR), but later became the capital of the Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the ASSR in March 1924.[20]Ecclesiastical historyThe bishop of Mardpetakan resided at Nakhichevan,[6] and the Armenian historian Tovma Artsruni records Sahak Vahevuni as bishop of Nakhichevan and Mardpetakan and brother of Apusahak Vahevuni.[23] GeographyThe city is spread over the foothills of Zangezur chain, on the right bank of the Nakhchivan River at an altitude of almost 1,000 m (3,300 ft). The floods and soil erosion spiked because of the decreased forest cover along riverbanks.[24] As a result, reforestation projects implemented in the city to encourage tree planting.[24] ClimateNakhchivan has a continental semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) with short but cold, snowy winters and long, dry, very hot summers. {{Weather box| location = Nakhchivan | metric first = Yes | single line = Yes | Jan high C = 0.8 | Feb high C = 4.0 | Mar high C = 12.3 | Apr high C = 20.1 | May high C = 24.7 | Jun high C = 29.5 | Jul high C = 34.7 | Aug high C = 33.7 | Sep high C = 30.1 | Oct high C = 21.9 | Nov high C = 12.6 | Dec high C = 5.1 | year high C = 19.1 | Jan mean C = -4.0 | Feb mean C = -0.5 | Mar mean C = 5.4 | Apr mean C = 12.4 | May mean C = 17.5 | Jun mean C = 22.4 | Jul mean C = 26.9 | Aug mean C = 26.2 | Sep mean C = 21.9 | Oct mean C = 14.1 | Nov mean C = 6.5 | Dec mean C = 0.9 | year mean C = 12.5 | Jan low C = -6.8 | Feb low C = -4.3 | Mar low C = 1.0 | Apr low C = 7.4 | May low C = 11.5 | Jun low C = 15.9 | Jul low C = 20.0 | Aug low C = 18.7 | Sep low C = 14.7 | Oct low C = 8.2 | Nov low C = 2.3 | Dec low C = -2.5 | year low C = 7.2 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 19 | Feb precipitation mm = 18 | Mar precipitation mm = 29 | Apr precipitation mm = 38 | May precipitation mm = 36 | Jun precipitation mm = 30 | Jul precipitation mm = 17 | Aug precipitation mm = 8 | Sep precipitation mm = 11 | Oct precipitation mm = 26 | Nov precipitation mm = 20 | Dec precipitation mm = 15 | year precipitation mm = 267 | Jan precipitation days = 5 | Feb precipitation days = 4 | Mar precipitation days = 6 | Apr precipitation days = 7 | May precipitation days = 9 | Jun precipitation days = 5 | Jul precipitation days = 2 | Aug precipitation days = 2 | Sep precipitation days = 2 | Oct precipitation days = 5 | Nov precipitation days = 4 | Dec precipitation days = 4 | year precipitation days = 55 | Jan sun = 82.9 | Feb sun = 117.3 | Mar sun = 188.3 | Apr sun = 202.6 | May sun = 254.5 | Jun sun = 324.0 | Jul sun = 364.4 | Aug sun = 338.7 | Sep sun = 302.5 | Oct sun = 215.6 | Nov sun = 148.1 | Dec sun = 121.1 | year sun = 2660.0 | source 1 = NOAA[25] | date = January 2011 }} PopulationAccording to the State Statistics Committee of Azerbaijan, the number of population of city was 63,8 thousand in 2000.[26]
Demography
Economy{{Expand section|date=November 2014}}Traditionally, Nakhchivan was home to trade industry, handicraft, shoemaking and hatmaking. These industries have been largely replaced. The restoration enterprises and development industry, liberalization of foreign trade and the extension of the customs infrastructure, which has been largely responsible for Nakchivan's growth in the last two decades, are now major parts of Nakchivan's economy.[31] CultureThe city has a wide range of cultural activities, amenities and museums. Heydar Aliyev Palace, which has a permanent local painting exhibition and a theatre hall for an audience of 1000 people, and a recently restored Soviet-time Opera Theatre where the Nakhchivan State Musical Drama Theatre realises theatre plays, concerts, musicals and opera.[32] Many of the city's cultural sites are expected to be celebrated in 2018 when Nakhchivan was designated an Islamic Culture Capital.[33] ArchitectureThe city is home Momine Khatun Mausoleum, Gulustan Mausoleum, Noah's Mausoleum, Garabaghlar Mausoleum, Yusif ibn Kuseyir Mausoleum, Imamzadeh mausoleum and Mausoleum of Huseyn Javid mausoleums.[34] The main sight in the city is the heavily restored 12th-century Momine Khatun Mausoleum, also known as Atabek Gumbezi. Momine Khatun was the wife of Eldegizid Atabek Jahan Pahlivan, ruler of the Atabek Eldegiz emirate. The 10-sided monument is decorated with intricate geometrical motives and Kufic script, it uses turquoise glazed bricks. It shares the neighbourhood with a statue of its architect - Ajami Nakhchivani - and a bust of Heydar Aliyev. Also from the 12th century and by the same architect, is the octagonal Yusuf Ibn Kuseir tomb, known as Atababa, half abandoned near the main cemetery. In 1993, the white marble mausoleum of Hussein Javid was built. The Azerbaijani writer died in the Gulag during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge. Both the mausoleum and his house museum are located east of the theatre. Although being a recent construction, Huseyn Javid's mausoleum is of great iconic importance, representing the ability of the exclave to live despite the Armenian embargo and becoming a symbol of Nakhchivan itself. The mausoleums of Nakhichevan were entered for possible inclusion in the List of World Heritage Sites, UNESCO in 1998 by Gulnara Mehmandarova — president of Azerbaijan Committee of ICOMOS—International Council on Monuments and Sites.[35] CuisineNakchivan’s signature cuisine includes shirin plov (sweet rice with gravy; made with mutton, hazelnuts, almonds and dried fruits), dastana, komba, tendir lavash and galin. Tendir LavashLavash is made with flour, water, and salt. The thickness of the bread varies depending on how thin it was rolled out. Toasted sesame seeds and/or poppy seeds are sometimes sprinkled on before baking. It is impossible to imagine any table without bread in Azerbaijan and also in Nakhchivan. In connection with this, the assortment of bread in Nakhchivan is different; the tendir lavash as thin as paper, galin (thick), dastana, and komba(ash cake). If prepared to saj it was called lavash, “Juha salmag” – spread Juha, lavash bread on saj, and if prepared in the tandir, the “llavash yapmag” lavash bread stick. The fact is that it was necessary to stick lavash bread on the hot inner walls of the tandir. it is impossible to fight with lavash bread, as the proverb reads “Gyaldi lavash – Bitdili Savas” – “Came lavash – the end of the war.” There are many people’s ideological expressions about lavash “Yavash-yavash -pendir- lavash ” “Quietly (slow) – cheese lavash ” or ” Khamrali hash – bagryna bass”, “Khamraliev (kind of bread) push to the chest, i.e. . lavash bread – eat slowly. “Of lavash folk sandwiches are made in a roll shape – durmek. In the village where children ran out to play or school they were supplied with these sandwiches. Inside durmeks – rolls was put butter and jam, cheese, cottage cheese and butter, cheese with herbs, potatoes, boiled eggs, etc. [36]Sacrificial monument Ashabi-Kahf{{main|Ashabi-Kahf in Nakhchivan}}Ashabi-Kahf is a sanctuary in a natural cave which is located in the eastern part of the city of Nakhchivan, between the mountains of Ilandag and Nahajir in Azerbaijan.Since ancient times Ashabi-Kahf is considered as a sacred place.It is known not only in Nakhchivan, but also in other regions of Azerbaijan and countries of the Middle East.Each year ten thousands of people make a pilgrimage to this place.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} Touristic place of Batabat LakeBatabat Lake is in the Shahbuz district of Nakhchivan, in the basin of the Nakhchivan River and covers an area of 16.0 hectares.The local climate and landscape are favourable for the creation of tourist and recreation facilities.The existing meadows, clean, life-giving air, natural forests and bushes, fresh water streams (Zorbulag and Sudlubulag) and mineral water springs surely demand the creation of a leisure and tourism zone.Conditions are very favourable for the treatment of cardiac diseases and diseases of the nervous system.https://aristokrat.az/tours-to-azerbaijan/batabat-lake Museums and galleriesThe city also has many historical museums, the literature museum of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Nakhchivan State History Museum, The Nakhchivan State Carpet Museum, and the house museums of Jamshid Nakhchivanski and Bahruz Kangarli.[37] There is also an archaeological museum found on Istiqlal street. The city has a few interesting mosques, particularly the Juma mosque, with its large dome. Modern museums in Nakchivan include the Museum under Open Air, Heydar Aliyev Museum and the Memorial Museum (Xatıra Muzeyi), dedicated to the national strife between Armenia and Azerbaijan.[38] Music and mediaThe regional channels Naxçıvan TV and Kanal 35, and newspaper Sharg Gapisi are headquartered in the city.[39] SportsAraz Naxçivan one of the top futsal clubs in the European futsal arena and regularly participates in UEFA Futsal Cup.[40][41][42]Nakhchivan had one professional football team, Araz-Naxçıvan, which competed in the top-flight of Azerbaijani football, the Azerbaijan Premier League.[43] In 2014, the city hosted Masters Weightlifting World Cup.[44] EducationThere are 3 professional, 6 musical, 22 secondary schools and a military cadet school in Nakchivan administered by the city council.[45] Universities and collegesNakchivan is home to numerous universities:
TransportPublic transportNakhchivan's trolleybus system consisted of three lines at its height and existed until 2004.[46] AirNakhchivan Airport is the only commercial airport serving Nakhchivan. The airport is connected by bus to the city center. There are domestic flights to Baku and international service to Russia and Turkey. RailIn 2007, a new bridge across the Aras River to Iran opened and a Turkish rail line connected Nakhchivan indirectly to Baku in 2013.[24] Currently, light rail line is working from Nakchivan to Ordubad beyond to Sharur.[47] Notable residents{{details|:Category:People from the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic}}Some of the city's many prestigious residents include: president of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev, Huseyn Javid — poet and playwright, founder of the progressive romanticism in Azerbaijani literature, writer Jalil Mammadguluzadeh, opera singer Azer Zeynalov, film director Rza Tahmasib, generals Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski and Jamshid Nakhchivanski, artist Bahruz Kangarli and architect Ajami Nakhchivani.[48] International relations{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Asia#Azerbaijan|l1=List of twin towns and sister cities in Azerbaijan}}Twin towns – Sister citiesNakhchivan is twinned with various cities.
GallerySee also
References1. ^The State Statistical Committee of the Azerbaijan Republic {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006190204/http://www.azstat.org/statinfo/demoqraphic/az/011.shtml |date=6 October 2011 }} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.belediyye.org/index.php?con=qanun&bkod=3637 |title=Belediyye Informasiya Sistemi |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924083213/http://www.belediyye.org/index.php?con=qanun&bkod=3637 |archivedate=24 September 2008 |language=Azerbaijani}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.meclis.gov.az/?/az/legislation/view/1473|title=Milli Məclis|author=|date=|website=www.meclis.gov.az|accessdate=2 April 2018}} 4. ^1 2 Lanser (2007) 5. ^1 2 3 4 Bosworth (2013) 6. ^1 2 3 Lint (2018), p. 1055 7. ^Chaumont (1986), pp. 418-438 8. ^Blankinship (1994), p. 107 9. ^Rayfield (2013), pp. 112-113 10. ^Bernardini (2000), pp. 422-426 11. ^Rayfield (2013), p. 150 12. ^Rayfield (2013), p. 152 13. ^Rayfield (2013), p. 164 14. ^Herzig & Floor (2015), p. 5 15. ^1 Hille (2010), p. 66 16. ^1 2 Hille (2010), p. 170 17. ^1 Hille (2010), p. 173 18. ^Hille (2010), p. 171 19. ^Hille (2010), pp. 171-172 20. ^1 Hille (2010), p. 172 21. ^Hille (2010), p. 159 22. ^Hille (2010), p. 191 23. ^Thomas et al. (2010), p. 103 24. ^1 2 {{cite web|last1=Hay|first1=Mark|title=How Environmentalism Can Foster Nation-Building|url=http://magazine.good.is/articles/pride-and-regrowth-in-nakhchivan|website=magazine.good.is|accessdate=13 November 2014}} 25. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/AJ/37936.TXT| title = Naxcivan Climate Normals 1961–1990| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate = 22 March 2015}} 26. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/?lang=en|title=Political division, population size and structure: Population by towns and regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 27. ^Демоскоп Weekly (еженедельная демографическая газета. Электронная версия): Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам Российской Империи кроме губерний Европейской России-Нахичеванский уезд - г. Нахичевань-Источник: Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Таблица XIII. Распределение населения по родному языку. (Губернские итоги). Т.Т.51-89. С.-Петербург: 1903-1905 28. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/naxichevan26.html|title=Нахичеванская ССР 1926|website=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru|access-date=2018-10-22}} 29. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnazerbaijan.html|title=население азербайджана|website=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru|access-date=2018-10-22}} 30. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/azrusukr39.html|title=Русские и украинцы в Азербайджане 1939|website=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru|access-date=2018-10-22}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/iqtisadiy.htm|title=NAXÇIVAN MUXTAR RESPUBLİKASI - rəsmi portal|work=nakhchivan.az}} 32. ^{{cite web|title=Ilham Aliyev attended a ceremony to commemorate the 90th anniversary of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.|url=http://en.president.az/articles/11356|website=en.president.az|accessdate=13 November 2014}} 33. ^{{cite web|title=Nakhchivan to be capital of Islamic Culture in 2018|url=http://en.apa.az/news_nakhchivan_to_be_capital_of_islamic_cult_191628.html|website=en.apa.az|accessdate=13 November 2014}} 34. ^{{cite web|title=The mausoleum of Nakhichevan|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1173/|website=whc.unesco.org|publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=13 November 2014}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1173/|title=The mausoleum of Nakhichevan (#)|author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|work=unesco.org}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/mil-metb.htm|title=NAXÇIVAN MUXTAR RESPUBLİKASI - rəsmi portal|work=nakhchivan.az}} 37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/muz-ler.htm|title=NAXÇIVAN MUXTAR RESPUBLİKASI - rəsmi portal|work=nakhchivan.az}} 38. ^{{cite web|last1=Peart|first1=Ian|title=Land of Legend - Nakhchivan|url=http://www.visions.az/winter2011_045,243/|website=www.visions.az|accessdate=13 November 2014}} 39. ^{{cite web|title=Radio-TV yayımı|url=http://www.mincom.gov.az/fealiyyet/radio-tv-yayimi/|accessdate=13 November 2014|language=Azerbaijani}} 40. ^Футзальный клуб «Араз» определился с соперниками по элитному раунду Кубка чемпионов {{ru icon}} 41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/futsalcup/news/kind=1/newsid=900489.html|title=Happy Friday night for Benfica, Puntar and Araz|author=|date=|website=uefa.com|accessdate=2 April 2018}} 42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/futsalcup/clubs/club=90395/index.html|title=Club's uefa.com profile|author=|date=|website=uefa.com|accessdate=2 April 2018}} 43. ^{{cite web|script-title=ru:В Нахчыване появится футбольный клуб Араз|url=http://www.azerifootball.com/ru/13/news/19721.html|work=Azerifootball.com|accessdate=23 May 2013|language=Russian}} 44. ^{{cite web|title=Masters World Cup 2014|url=http://nakhchivan2014.com/|website=nakhchivan2014.com|accessdate=13 November 2014}} 45. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/map-nax-seh.htm|title=Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası|work=nakhchivan.az}} 46. ^{{cite web|title=15. Нахичевань (троллейбус) |trans-title=15. Nahičevan (trolleybus)|url=http://transit.parovoz.com/masstransit/index.php?ID=15|work=Горэлектротранс (Electrotrans) website|publisher=Дмитрий Зиновьев (Dmitry Zinoviev)|accessdate=26 September 2012|language=ru}} 47. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/neqliyyat.htm|title=NAXÇIVAN MUXTAR RESPUBLİKASI - rəsmi portal|work=nakhchivan.az}} 48. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/AAA/00188.asp|script-title=ru:Алиев Гейдар Али Рза оглы|publisher=Справочник по истории Коммунистической партии и Советского Союза 1898 - 1991|language=ru}} 49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.batumi.ge/en/?page=show&sec=5|title=Batumi - Twin Towns & Sister Cities|accessdate=2013-08-10|work=Batumi City Hall|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504220350/http://www.batumi.ge/en/?page=show&sec=5|archivedate=2012-05-04}} Bibliography
External links{{Commons category|Nakhchivan city}}
5 : Populated places in Azerbaijan|Districts of Azerbaijan|Subdivisions of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Erivan Governorate|Nakhchivan (city) |
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