| 词条 | Vichy Pastilles |
| 释义 |
| name = Vichy Pastilles | image = Pastilles de Vichy - Moinet.jpg | caption = A box of Vichy Pastilles. | alternate_name = | country = France | region = Vichy | creator = | course = | type = Confectionery | served = | main_ingredient = | variations = | calories = | other = }} Vichy Pastilles are a French confectionery produced in the town of Vichy, department of Allier, France. They were invented in 1825. Sometimes called pastilles of Vichy ({{lang-fr|pastilles de Vichy}} or {{lang|fr|pastilles Vichy}}), they are recognizable as a white, octagonal type of candy pastille bearing the word "Vichy" in all-caps. OwnershipThe Vichy Pastilles brand belonged to the Vichy-Etat Company in 1940.[1] It was acquired by Cadbury France, a division of Cadbury, in 2003.[2] It later belonged to Kraft Foods (later known as Mondelez International).[2] In 2016, it was purchased by Eurazeo, a French company, for 250 million Euros.[2] HistoryThe pastilles were invented in 1825 in Vichy, a spa town in the department of Allier, France.[3][4] As early as 1839, they were originally made purely from bicarbonate of soda and taken for their digestive properties.[5] Empress Eugénie de Montijo is said to have been a fan.[3] Later, they were made with mineral salts extracted from the local spring water.[3][6] Nowadays, they include sugar and are flavoured with mint, lemon, or aniseed.[3] The pastilles were mentioned by French author Guy de Maupassant in his short story, The Magic Couch.[7] During World War II, the sweets were used as "branding and marketing" by Vichy France.[6] By August 1942, shops in Vichy gave Vichy pastilles to customers, while other victuals were rationed.[8] However, the mayor of Vichy decided to mark sweets as cheese on their ration cards to avoid running out of them.[8] In Einstein's Beets: An Examination of Food Phobias, American author Alexander Theroux opines that due to its connotation to Vichy France, "many French citizens are still made uneasy" by hearing the phrase.[9] In The Long Aftermath: Cultural Legacies of Europe at War, 1936-2016, Manuel Bragança and Peter Tame agree, as they argue that Vichy France's use of the sweets as propaganda eventually "backfired."[6] See also
External links
References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Body|first1=Jacques|title=Jean Giraudoux: The Legend and the Secret|date=1991|publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson University Press|location=Madison, New Jersey|isbn=9780838634073|oclc=869150657|page=114|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BUenRQ4rqzsC&pg=PA114&dq=Vichy+Pastilles&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjxhL_TxoHXAhWKWRoKHZdMA2kQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=Vichy%20Pastilles&f=false}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vichy Pastilles}}2. ^1 2 {{cite news|last1=Lorut|first1=Denis|title=Les pastilles Vichy redeviennent françaises|url=http://www.lamontagne.fr/vichy/economie/agroalimentaire/2016/04/12/les-pastilles-vichy-redeviennent-francaises_11867934.html|accessdate=October 21, 2017|work=La Montagne|date=April 12, 2016}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|title=France|date=2017|publisher=Lonely Planet|location=Carlton, Victoria, Australia|isbn=9781786573254|oclc=983481938|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GiA2DgAAQBAJ&pg=PT1324&dq=Vichy+Pastilles&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwit7frzzoHXAhVBDxoKHd_NDW44ChDoAQgrMAE#v=onepage&q=Vichy%20Pastilles&f=false}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Granville|first1=Augustus Bozzi|title=The Mineral springs of Vichy|date=1859|publisher=Churchill|location=London, U.K.|page=i|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_x2mznll42MC&pg=PR1&dq=Vichy+Pastilles&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjxhL_TxoHXAhWKWRoKHZdMA2kQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=Vichy%20Pastilles&f=false|oclc=504881624}} 5. ^{{cite journal|title=Properties of the Blood|journal=The Lancet|date=1839|volume=1|page=637|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(02)83945-9|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dBVAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA637&dq=Vichy+Pastilles&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjxhL_TxoHXAhWKWRoKHZdMA2kQ6AEIPTAE#v=onepage&q=Vichy%20Pastilles&f=false|accessdate=October 21, 2017}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Bragança|first1=Manuel|last2=Tame|first2=Peter|title=The Long Aftermath: Cultural Legacies of Europe at War, 1936-2016|date=2015|publisher=Berghahn Books|location=New York City|isbn=9781782381532|oclc=946968757|page=136|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lBDJCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA136&dq=Vichy+Pastilles&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwit7frzzoHXAhVBDxoKHd_NDW44ChDoAQgwMAI#v=onepage&q=Vichy%20Pastilles&f=false}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=The Magic Couch|url=http://www.online-literature.com/maupassant/4270/|website=The Literature Network|accessdate=October 21, 2017}} 8. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Cointet|first1=Michèle|title=Vichy capitale 1940-1944|date=1993|publisher=Perrin|location=Paris|isbn=9782262010133|pages=93 - 120|url=http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=PERRI_COINT_1993_01_0093&DocId=95473&hits=1360+1359+1358+|chapter=2- La Ville|oclc=410952762|via=Cairn.info|registration=yes}} 9. ^{{cite book|last1=Theroux|first1=Alexander|title=Einstein's Beets: An Examination of Food Phobias|date=2017|publisher=Fantagraphics Books|location=Seattle, Washington|isbn=9781606999769|oclc=1002177582|page=410|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-XpSDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA410&dq=Vichy+Pastilles&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjxhL_TxoHXAhWKWRoKHZdMA2kQ6AEIQjAF#v=onepage&q=Vichy%20Pastilles&f=false}} 4 : 1825 establishments in France|French confectionery|Vichy|Anise |
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