| 词条 | Victor Hammer (businessman) |
| 释义 |
| name = Victor Hammer | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = 1901 | birth_place = New York City | death_date = July 21, 1985 | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = | nationality = United States | known_for = | education = B.A. Princeton University | employer = | occupation = | networth = | spouse = Ireene Wicker | children = Nancy Hammer Eilan Armand Hammer | parents = Julius Hammer Rose Lipshitz Hammer | relatives = Armand Hammer (brother) | box_width = }} Victor J. Hammer (born 1901 in New York City, d. July 21, 1985) was a businessman, founder and owner of Hammer Galleries in New York City, and philanthropist. Early life and educationHammer was born in New York City, to Ukrainian-born Jewish immigrants, Julius and Rose (Lipshitz) Hammer.[1][2] His father came to the United States from Odessa in the Russian Empire (today Ukraine) in 1875, and settled in The Bronx, where he ran a general medical practice and five drugstores. Victor Hammer attended Princeton University, where he graduated in 1921 with a degree in Art History.[3][4] His older brother was businessman Armand Hammer. CareerHe was business partner to his brother Armand on several business ventures, including Hammer Galleries in New York City, founded in 1928 as a way to funnel profits made in Soviet Russia out of that country.[5] At one point, British Intelligence believed Hammer Galleries was a front for Soviet Intelligence.[6] The Hammer brothers had been in contact with Soviet authorities for a number of reasons, such as famine relief as well as when the Soviets sought a buyer for the treasures of the Hermitage Museum as a way to earn hard currency.[7] Victor was responsible for acquisitions for Hammer Galleries, including the so-called Romanov Treasures and Fabergé eggs.[4][8] In 1937, Time Magazine described Victor and Armand as "Two of the most startling characters in the U. S. art world are the Brothers Armand and Victor Hammer, one with a medical degree, both friends of Soviet Russia."[9] PhilanthropyHe was a prolific philanthropist. Alongside his brothers Harry and Armand, he purchased the Roosevelt estate on Campobello Island in New Brunswick and donated it to the United States and Canada as the countries' first joint park, known as Roosevelt Campobello International Park[10] Personal lifeHammer was married to Ireene Wicker; they had two children: Nancy Hammer Eilan; and Armand Hammer.[11] References1. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20121022004933/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-4968669.html Names of parents] 2. ^{{Cite book|last=Epstein|first=Edward Jay|authorlink=|title=Dossier: the secret history of Armand Hammer|publisher=Orion Business|year=1998|location=|pages=34|url=|isbn=0752813862}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://tigernet.princeton.edu/directory/searchDrilldown.asp?IDNumber=49495651514848504848|title=Victor Hammer '21|accessdate=2008-09-30}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.hammer.ucla.edu/collections/2/ |title=The Armand Hammer Collection |accessdate=2008-09-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703201642/http://hammer.ucla.edu/collections/2/ |archivedate=July 3, 2008 }} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hammergalleries.com/html/news.asp|title=Gallery News|accessdate=2008-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926195344/http://www.hammergalleries.com/html/news.asp|archive-date=2008-09-26|dead-url=yes|df=}} 6. ^{{cite book | last = Epstein| first = Edward Jay| title = Dossier: The Secret History of Armand Hammer| publisher = Da Capo Press|edition=paperback|date=1999-09-09|isbn=978-0-7867-0677-8|pages=152|quote=British Intelligence ... had even monitored the movements of his brother Victor in Egypt (then a British protectorate) on the suspicion that the Hammer Galleries were a front for the Soviet intelligence service.}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0PAL/is_/ai_n27208350|accessdate=2008-09-30|title=Collecting for his country: Robert Oresko applauds a definitive biography of Andrew Mellon, which illuminates his key role in the creation of the National Gallery in Washington, DC}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=RjwilmsiBot}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.lsu.edu/special/williams/abstracts/university/carmouche.htm|title=T. Harry Williams Center for Oral History Collection interview of Virginia Carmouche|accessdate=2008-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080601045728/http://www.lib.lsu.edu/special/williams/abstracts/university/carmouche.htm|archive-date=2008-06-01|dead-url=yes|df=}} 9. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,770808,00.html|title=Hammer Icons|accessdate=2008-09-30|date=1937-08-16 | work=Time}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=26018|title=Remarks at the Signing of the Roosevelt Campobello International Park Agreement|accessdate=2008-09-30|quote=Among those present were the Hammer brothers who had earlier purchased Campobello, summer home of President Roosevelt, from his son Elliott. Dr. Armand Hammer, of Los Angeles, president of the Occidental Petroleum Corporation, and co-owner with his brothers, Harry and Victor, of the Hammer Galleries in New York City, donated Campobello Island to the United States and Canada in the hope that it would be used as a meeting place for conferences to further strengthen the relationship between the two countries.}} 11. ^Los Angeles Times: "Art Dealer Victor J. Hammer, Armand's Brother, Dies" July 24, 1985 External links
8 : 1901 births|1985 deaths|Jewish American philanthropists|Businesspeople from New York City|Princeton University alumni|American art dealers|Philanthropists from New York (state)|20th-century philanthropists |
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