| 词条 | Victoria Dam (Sri Lanka) | ||||
| 释义 |
| name = Victoria Dam | name_official = | image = VictoriaDam-SriLanka-April2011-1.jpg | image_size = 280px | image_caption = The dam on 15 April 2011. Three days after its 26th anniversary of opening. | image_alt = | location_map = Sri Lanka | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|07|14|29|N|80|47|05|E|type:landmark|display=inline}} | country = Sri Lanka | location = Teldeniya | purpose = P | status = O | construction_began = {{Start date|df=yes|1978|08|14}} | opening = {{Start date|df=yes|1985|04|14}} | demolished = | cost = | owner = | dam_type = A | dam_crosses = Mahaweli River | dam_length = {{Convert|520|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_height_foundation= {{Convert|122|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = {{Convert|25|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_volume = | spillway_count = 8 | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = {{Convert|8200|m3/s|ft3/s|0|abbr=on}} | res_name = Victoria Reservoir | res_capacity_total = {{Convert|722000000|m3|ft3|abbr=on}} | res_capacity_active = {{Convert|689000000|m3|ft3|abbr=on}} | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = {{Convert|1869|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}} | res_surface = {{Convert|23|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}} | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = Victoria Power Station | plant_coordinates = {{coord|07|12|00|N|80|48|21|E|type:landmark}} | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = 3 × 70 MW | plant_capacity = 210 MW | plant_capacity_factor= 42.4% | plant_annual_gen = 780 GWh | website = | extra = }} Victoria Dam (Sinhala: වික්ටෝරියා වේල්ල) is an arch dam located {{Convert|130|mi|km|0|abbr=on}} upstream of the Mahaweli River's mouth and {{Convert|4|mi|km|0|abbr=on}} from Teldeniya. Its main purposes are irrigation and hydroelectric power production. It is the tallest dam in Sri Lanka, and supports a {{Nowrap|210 MW}} power station, the largest hydroelectric power station in the country. Construction of the dam commenced in 1978, and was ceremonially completed by then-President Jayewardene in April 1985. HistoryThe Victoria Dam was constructed under the Accelerated Mahaweli Development Programme (AMDP). The project had been in planning for 30 years but was accelerated in 1977 to address economic difficulties within the country. The plan is designed to irrigate {{Convert|365000|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}} of land and provide 600 MW of electricity. The Victoria Dam was originally proposed in 1964 after studies were completed by Canada's Huntings Technical Services and a team from the United Nations Development Program—Food and Agriculture Organization (UNDP-FAO).[1] Construction of the dam was inaugurated on 14 August 1978, by the then-President Jayewardene with implementation of the main structures beginning in 1980. Its completion was marked by a ceremony on 12 April 1985. Construction of the dam and tunnel was completed by the British Joint Venture of Balfour Beatty and Edmund Nuttall, while Costain Group carried out the construction of the power station.[2] The consultant engineers on the project was Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners.[2] The dam resettled about 30,000 people — four times the estimate.[3] Dam and powerhouseThe dam measures {{Convert|122|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} tall, with a crest length of {{Convert|520|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, crest width of {{Convert|6|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, and a base width of {{Convert|25|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. The dam creates the Victoria Reservoir, which has a surface area of {{Convert|22.7|km2|mi2|1|abbr=on}}, gross storage capacity of {{Convert|722000000|m3|ft3|abbr=on}}, and a catchment area of {{convert|1869|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}}.[4] Water from the dam is fed to the powerhouse at {{Coord|07|12|00|N|80|48|21|E|name=Victoria Power Station|display=inline}} via a {{Convert|5646|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} long tunnel, which houses three penstocks of {{Convert|6.2|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} diameter. These penstocks created a net head of {{Convert|190|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, feeding three {{Nowrap|70 MW}} {{Nowrap|12.5 kV}} turbines, which are capable of generating up to {{Nowrap|780 GWh}} of electrical energy annually. Th dam consists of eight spillways, each with a width and height of {{Convert|12.5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} and {{Convert|6.5|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}, which automatically opens when water levels are high. The dam's gates, which needs power only to close, won an award for "Innovative Design in Civil Engineering" by the Institution of Civil Engineers. The total effective width of the spillways is {{convert|100|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, allowing a maximum discharge of {{Convert|8200|m3/s|ft3/s|0|abbr=on}}. Two additional low-level sluices at the base of the dam allows the purging of accumulated silts behind the dam.[4] GallerySee also{{stack|{{Portal|Sri Lanka|Water|Renewable energy}}}}{{Commons category|Victoria Dam, Sri Lanka}}
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Mahaweli Projects & Programme 1983|url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PDAAX272.pdf|publisher=USAID|accessdate=1 May 2011}} {{Electricity in Sri Lanka}}{{Inland waters of Sri Lanka}}2. ^{{cite web|title=Victoria Dam and Hydro Electric project |url=http://www.cecb.lk/page517480.html |publisher=Central Engineering Consultant Bureau| accessdate=28 October 2012}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Victoria Project: Sri Lanka|url=http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Documents/publications1/evaluation/ev392s.pdf|publisher=UK Department for International Development|accessdate=1 May 2011}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Victoria Dam|url=http://www.mahaweli.gov.lk/Other%20Pages/Projects/Victoria.html|publisher=Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka|accessdate=25 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100220110040/http://www.mahaweli.gov.lk/Other%20Pages/Projects/Victoria.html|archive-date=20 February 2010|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 5 : Dams in Sri Lanka|Hydroelectric power stations in Sri Lanka|Buildings and structures in Kandy District|Dams completed in 1985|Arch dams |
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