| 词条 | Naracoorte Caves National Park |
| 释义 |
| type = protected | name = Naracoorte Caves National Park | state = sa | iucn_category = II | iucn_ref = [1] | image = Thylacoleo skeleton in Naracoorte Caves.jpg | caption = Skeleton of a marsupial lion (Thylacoleo carnifex) in the Victoria Fossil Cave | image_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|37|2|10|S|140|47|51.5|E|scale:1000000|display=inline,title}} | relief = yes | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = top | map_alt = | nearest_town_or_city = Naracoorte | area = 6.60 | area_footnotes = [2] | established = Conservation Park {{start date|1972|04|27|df=y}} National Park {{start date|2001|01|18|df=y}} | established_footnotes = [3][4] | visitation_num = 78,000 | visitation_year = 1999-2000 | visitation_footnotes = [5] | managing_authorities = Department of Environment and Water | url = http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/naracoorte/Home | footnotes = | child = yes | Part_of = Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh/Naracoorte) | Image = Naracoorte Caves National Park 1.jpg | Criteria = Natural: viii, ix | ID = 698-002 | Year = 1994 | Area = 300 ha }}Naracoorte Caves National Park is a national park near Naracoorte in the Limestone Coast tourism region in the south-east of South Australia (Australia). It was officially recognised in 1994 for its extensive fossil record when the site was inscribed on the World Heritage List, along with Riversleigh. The park preserves 6 km² of remnant vegetation, with 26 caves contained within the 3.05 km² World Heritage Area.[6] HistoryEuropean discoveryThe caves, which are located within the boundaries of what is now the national park, were first encountered in 1845 with the discovery of Blanche Cave.[5] Naracoorte Forest ReserveIn 1885, the Department of Woods and Forests appointed a caretaker due to “the popularity of the caves and their vulnerability to vandalism.”[5] National Pleasure ResortIn 1916, the control of the portion of the forest reserve which contained many of the caves and which consisted of about {{convert| 50 |acre|ha|order=flip}} of land was transferred from the Department of Woods and Forests to the Immigration, Publicity and Tourist Bureau who would manage it as a national pleasure resort under the National Pleasure Resort Act 1914 until 1972. The change of control was gazetted on 1 March 1917.[7][8][3] The national pleasure resort's development into “an important regional tourist destination was greatly assisted by the discovery in 1969 in Victoria Cave of the largest known Australian Pleistocene vertebrate fossil cave deposit.”[5] Conservation ParkOn 27 April 1972, it was renamed as the Naracoorte Caves Conservation Park upon the proclamation of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 which repealed the former act along with other statutes concerned with conservation.[3] In 1982, the conservation park was listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate.[9] World heritage listingOn 17 December 1994, part of the conservation park, being an area of {{convert|300|ha}} was “inscribed on the World Heritage List” along with the Riversleigh fossil site in Queensland as the Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh/Naracoorte).[10] National ParkOn 18 January 2001, the Naracoorte Caves Conservation Park was abolished and the land that it occupied was reconstituted as a national park because it was considered to be “of national significance by reason of the natural features of the land” and was assigned the name, Naracoorte Caves National Park.[4] National heritage listingOn 21 May 2007 The Australian Fossil Mammal Sites was one of 15 World Heritage places to be added to the Australian National Heritage List.[11] State heritage listingOn 17 May 2017, the extent of the national park was listed as a state heritage place on the South Australian Heritage Register with the name of the Naracoorte Caves Complex.[12] Visitor attractionThe park is a visitor destination in itself, with a camping ground and caravan park, dormitory accommodation for groups, picnic grounds and a licensed cafe. The range of visitor activities is extensive. Show cave tours are guided by professional interpreters through highly decorated caves with some tours visiting amazing fossil deposits. Modern technology has been utilised to show visitors the normally inaccessible interior of Bat Cave, where thousands of southern bent-wing bats breed each year. Other opportunities include adventure caving, a selection of specialty tours and special events. The Wonambi Fossil Centre, the park's visitor centre, features displays of fossils and bones found in the caves and dioramas of extinct animals. StructureThe limestone of the area was formed from coral and marine creatures 200 million years ago and again 20 million years ago when the land was below sea level. Ground water since then has dissolved and eroded some of the limestone, creating the caves. The caves, such as the Victoria Fossil Cave and Blanche Cave, are often not far below ground, and holes open up creating traps for the unwary. This is the source of the remarkable collection of fossils. Mammals and other land creatures have fallen into open caves and been unable to escape. The fossil record has been preserved in strata formed from eroded topsoil washed and blown in. In some places, the fossil-bearing silt is up to 20 metres thick. Some of these areas are being preserved for future research when better methods of dating and reconstructing fossil records may have been found. These fossil traps are especially significant for tracing Australian megafauna. See also{{Portal|South Australia}}
References1. ^{{cite web|title= Terrestrial Protected Areas of South Australia (refer 'DETAIL' tab ) |url= http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/761994ab-42cc-4f24-952c-c21221861884/files/capad2016sa.xlsx |work=CAPAD 2016|publisher=Australian Government, Department of the Environment (DoE) |accessdate=21 February 2018 |date=2016}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Protected Areas Information System - reserve list (as of 25 November 2014)|url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/b88e6e26-4bd9-4c68-8fff-9e800114eb69/park-management-protected-areas-gen.pdf|publisher=Department of Environment Water and Natural Resources|accessdate=8 January 2015|pages=}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite journal |title= No. 56 of 1972 (National Parks and Wildlife Act, 1972) |journal= The South Australian Government Gazette |date= 27 April 1972 |pages= 660 & 702 |url= http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/num_act/npawa56o1972293/ |accessdate= 26 February 2018|publisher= Government of South Australia}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Brindal|first1=Mark|title=NATIONAL PARKS AND WILDLIFE ACT 1972 SECTIONS 29(3) AND 28(1): ABOLITION OF NARACOORTE CAVES CONSERVATION PARK AND CONSTITUTION OF NARACOORTE CAVES NATIONAL PARK|url=http://governmentgazette.sa.gov.au/sites/default/files/public/documents/gazette/2001/January/2001_005.pdf|website=South Australian Government Gazette|publisher=South Australian Government|accessdate=26 February 2018|page=70|date=18 January 2001}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{Citation | author1=South East Region, National Parks and Wildlife SA, Department for Environment and Heritage | title=Naracoorte Caves National Park management plan, South East, South Australia | publication-date=2001 | url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/park_management/parks_pdfs_naracoorte_mp.pdf |page=15 |publisher=South Australia. Department for Environment and Heritage | isbn=978-0-7308-5846-1 }} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh / Naracoorte)|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/698|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|accessdate=17 May 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|last1=STYLES|first1=A. W.|title=GRANT OF NARACOORTE CAVES AS A PUBLIC PLEASURE RESORT, &c|url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/sa_gazette/1917/11/368.pdf|website=The South Australian Government Gazette|publisher=South Australian Government|accessdate=30 March 2018|page=368|date=1 March 1917}} 8. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article79773016 |title=THE NARRACOORTE CAVES. |newspaper=The Border Watch |volume=LV, |issue=5463 |location=South Australia |date=22 July 1916 |accessdate=26 February 2018 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}} 9. ^{{cite AHD|8013|Naracoorte Caves Conservation Park}} 10. ^{{cite AHD|105089|Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh/Naracoorte), Naracoorte, SA, Australia}} 11. ^{{cite AHD|105692|Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Naracoorte), Naracoorte, SA, Australia |date=21 May 2007|accessdate=21 March 2018}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Naracoorte Caves Complex (designated place of geological, palaeontological and speleological significance)|url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=27695|website=Heritage Places Database|publisher=South Australian Government|accessdate=26 February 2018|date=17 May 2017}} Further reading
External links
16 : National parks of South Australia|1916 establishments in Australia|Protected areas established in 1972|South Australian places listed on the defunct Register of the National Estate|World Heritage Sites in Australia|Australian National Heritage List|South Australian Heritage Register|Limestone Coast|Show caves in Australia|Paleontology in South Australia|Fossil museums|Fossil parks in Australia|Limestone caves|Natural history museums in Australia|Pleistocene paleontological sites of Australia|Museums in South Australia |
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