释义 |
- List of Villae rusticae Bosnia-Herzegovina Bulgaria Italy Portugal Turkey United Kingdom France Germany Serbia Switzerland
- References
- External links
Villa rustica (countryside villa) was the term used by the ancient Romans to denote a villa set in the open countryside, often as the hub of a large agricultural estate (latifundium). The adjective rusticum was used to distinguish it from an urban or resort villa. The villa rustica would thus serve both as a residence of the landowner and his family (and retainers) and also as a farm management centre. It would often comprise separate buildings to accommodate farm labourers and sheds and barns for animals and crops.[1][2][3][4][5]In modern British archaeology, a villa rustica is commonly (and misleadingly) referred to simply as a "Roman villa". The villa rustica's design differed depending on the architect, but usually it consisted of three parts; the urbana (main house), agricultural center and the rusticana (farm area). List of Villae rusticaeBosnia-HerzegovinaBulgaria- Villa Armira in Ivaylovgrad
Italy Portugal - {{Interlanguage link multi|Boca do Rio|de}}
- Castelo da Lousa
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa of Fonte do Milho |de|3=Villa von Fonte do Milho}}
- Roman Villa of Rabaçal
- Roman ruins of Quinta da Abicada
- Centum Cellas
- Villa of Torre de Palma
- Villa of Cerro da Vila
- Roman ruins of Pisões
- Roman ruins of São Cucufate
- Roman Ruins of Milreu (Estoi)
- Roman Villa of Sendim
TurkeyUnited Kingdom- Bignor Roman Villa
- Borough Hill Roman villa
- Brading Roman Villa
- Chedworth Roman Villa
- Crofton Roman Villa
- Fishbourne Roman Palace
- Gadebridge Park Roman Villa
- Littlecote Roman Villa
- Llantwit Major Roman Villa
- Low Ham Roman Villa
- Lullingstone Roman Villa
- Newport Roman Villa
- Piddington Roman Villa
- Woodchester Roman Villa
France - Villa Rustica, Coustaty
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica, Lussas-et-Nontronneau|fr|3=Villa gallo-romaine de Nontronneau}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica, Montcaret|de|3=Villa Rustica (Montcaret)}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica, Montmaurin|fr|3=Villa gallo-romaine de Montmaurin}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica, Petit-Bersac|de|3=Villa Rustica (Petit-Bersac)}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica, Pièce de Rance|de|3=Villa Rustica (Pièce de Rance)}}
GermanyBaden-Württemberg- Villa Rustica, Baden-Baden-Haueneberstein, Roman settlement at Wohlfahrtsberg[6]
- Villa Rustica at Bondorf, Böblingen
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa rustica at Büßlingen|de|3=Römischer Gutshof von Büßlingen}}, Konstanz
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Brombach)|de}}, Lörrach
- Villa Rustica at Eigeltingen[7]
- Villa Rustica at Gaggenau-Bad Rotenfels / Oberweier[8]
- Villa urbana at Grenzach-Wyhlen (Museum Römervilla)
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa rustica at Hechingen-Stein|de|3=Römisches Freilichtmuseum Hechingen-Stein}}, Zollernalbkreis
- Villa urbana at Heitersheim
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Meßkirch)|de}}, Sigmaringen
- Villa Rustica at Hirschberg[9]
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Inzigkofen)|de}}, Sigmaringen
- Villa Rustica at Karlsruhe-Durlach[10]
- Villa Rustica at Langenau[11]
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Laucherthal)|de}}, Sigmaringen
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Lauffen)|de}}, Heilbronn
- Villa Rustica at Mühlacker[12]
- Villa Rustica at Nagold[13][14]
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Nürtingen)|de}}
- Villa Rustica at Oberndorf-Bochingen[15][16]
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Rommelshausen)|de}}, Rems-Murr-Kreis
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Römerbad (Weinsberg)|de}}, Heilbronn
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Wiesenbach/Baden)|de}}, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Römisches Bad (Wurmlingen)|de}}, Tuttlingen
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Zimmerhof)|de}}, Heilbronn
- Villa Rustica Bietigheim-Weilerlen at Bietigheim-Bissingen, Ludwigsburg
Bavaria- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Burgweinting)|de}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa rustica (Denning)|de}}, Stadt München
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Friedberg)|de}}
- Villa Rustica at Großberghofen, Dachau
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Holheim)|de}}, Donau-Ries
- Villa Rustica at Hüssingen[17]
- Villa Rustica Kohlhunden, Ostallgäu[18]
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Leutstetten)|de}}, Stadt Starnberg
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Möckenlohe)|de}} (Naturpark Altmühltal)[19][20]
- Villa Rustica (Nassenfels), Eichstätt
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Niederndorf)|de}}, Freising
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Oberndorf)|de}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Oberhaunstadt)|de}}, Ingolstadt
- Villa Rustica (Peiting), Weilheim-Schongau[21][22]
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Stadtbergen)|de}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Zipfwang)|de}}, Oberallgäu
Hesse- Groß-Umstadt-Heubach, {{Interlanguage link multi|Wamboltsches Schlösschen|de}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Haselburg Roman villa|de|3=Römische Villa Haselburg}}, Odenwald
- Rodau, Zwingenberg, "Kleine Weide"[23]
Northrhine-Westphalia- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa rustica (Blankenheim (Ahr))|de}}[24]
- Villae Rusticae at Eschweiler, Aachen
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Propsteier Villa|de}}, Eschweiler, Aachen
- Villae Rusticae near Hambach surface mine, Düren
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa rustica (Nettersheim-Roderath)|de}} at Sollig, Nettersheim-Roderath, Euskirchen
Rheinland-Palatine- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa rustica Weilberg|de}}, Bad Dürkheim-Ungstein]]
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Römerhalle (Bad Kreuznach)|de}}, Bad Kreuznach
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Roman Villa of Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler|de|3=Römervilla von Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa rustica (Bollendorf)|de}}, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Otrang|de}}, Fließem, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
- Villa Rustica at Sarresdorf (Gerolstein)[25]
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Kempten bei Bingen)|de}}, Mainz-Bingen
- Villa Rustica at Herschweiler-Pettersheim, Kusel[26]
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Roman estate at Lösnich|de|3=Römischer Gutshof bei Lösnich}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Urbana in Longuich|de}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Mehring)|de}} (Mosel), Trier-Saarburg
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa rustica (Wachenheim)|de}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Weiler bei Bingen)|de}}, Mainz-Bingen
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa rustica (Wasserliesch)|de}}, Trier-Saarburg
Saarland- Roman Villa Borg
- Reinheim
- Roman villa at Nennig
Serbia- Village Gornja Bukovica.Valjevo,villa rustica IV century A.D.[27]
SwitzerlandAargau- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Bellikon)|de}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Oberentfelden)|de}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Oberlunkhofen)|de}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa rustica (Zofingen)|de}}
Basel-Landschaft- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Bennwil)|de}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Munzach)|de}}
Genf- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Bernex)|de}}
Jura- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Vicques JU)|de}}
Solothurn- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa rustica (Biberist-Spitalhof)|de}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa rustica (Breitholz)|de}}
Waadt- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa romaine du Prieuré|fr}}
Zürich- Irgenhausen Castrum (built on the remains of a former villa rustica)
- Villa in Wetzikon - Kempten[28]
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Buchs)|de}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Kloten)|de}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Oberweningen)|de}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Rustica (Seeb)|de}}
References 1. ^Annalia Marzano: Roman villas in central Italy: a social and economic history. Brill 2007, {{ISBN|978-90-04-16037-8}} ({{Google books|hSUsb6Gf5KgC|restricted online copy|page=}}) 2. ^Alfred Frazer: The Roman villa: villa urbana. UPenn Museum of Archaeology 1998, {{ISBN|978-0-924171-59-8}} ({{Google books|4nE1-5BYox4C|restricted online copy|page=}}) 3. ^Alexander Gordon McKay: Houses, villas, and palaces in the Roman world . JHU Press 1998, {{ISBN|978-0-8018-5904-5}} ({{Google books|wFV7M698sYQC|restricted online copy|page=}}) 4. ^John T. Smith: Roman Villas. A Study in Social Structure. Routledge, London, 1997. {{ISBN|0-415-16719-1}} 5. ^John Percival: The Roman Villa. A Historical Introduction. Batsford, London, 1988 (Paperback) 6. ^Die Römer am Wolfartsberg. (Heimatblätter des Heimat- und Kulturvereines Haueneberstein e.V., Nr. 3). haueneberstein.de {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211232300/http://www.haueneberstein.de/bookorder |date=February 11, 2015 }} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.eigeltingia.de/index.html|title=Willkommen|website=www.eigeltingia.de}} 8. ^Gerhard Hoffmann: Spuren früher Zeiten – Funde und Fundstätten im Landkreis Rastatt. Eine Materialkunde zur Vor und Frühgeschichte. Bestandsaufnahme und Dokumentation. (Sonderveröffentlichungen des Kreisarchivs Rastatt, Band 5). Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher u. a. 2007, {{ISBN|978-3-89735-495-1}}. (Abstract) {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318053800/http://www.landkreis-rastatt.de/servlet/PB/menu/2011132_l1/index.html |date=March 18, 2015 }} 9. ^gastgeber-hessen.de{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 10. ^ka.stadtwiki.net 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.archaeologie-bw.de/braasch/langenau.html|title=Langenau: villa rustica|first=|last=W.M.Werner|website=www.archaeologie-bw.de}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.muehlacker.de/stadt/villa_rustica/villa_rustica1.htm|title=Mühlacker: Römische Villa Rustica in Enzberg|first=Thomas|last=Geiges|website=www.muehlacker.de}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nagold.de/ceasy/modules/cms/main.php5?cPageId=1566&view=publish&item=tripDestination&id=11|title=Stadt Nagold - Remigiuskirche|website=www.nagold.de}} 14. ^naturparkschwarzwald.de {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228191516/http://www.naturparkschwarzwald.de/home/portalgemeinden/nagold/sehenswert |date=February 28, 2014 }} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.archaeologie-bw.de/grabung/oberndf.html|title=Villa rustica von Oberndorf-Bochingen|first=|last=W.M.Werner|website=www.archaeologie-bw.de}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.denkmalpflege-bw.de/denkmale/projekte/archaeologische-denkmalpflege/dreidimensionale-rekonstruktion-roemischer-gebaeude-die-villa-rustica-von-oberndorf-bochingen.html|title=denkmalpflege-bw.de|publisher=|access-date=2015-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918235430/http://www.denkmalpflege-bw.de/denkmale/projekte/archaeologische-denkmalpflege/dreidimensionale-rekonstruktion-roemischer-gebaeude-die-villa-rustica-von-oberndorf-bochingen.html|archive-date=2012-09-18|dead-url=yes|df=}} 17. ^{{cite web|author=Informationszentrum Naturpark Altmühltal in Trägerschaft des Landkreises Eichstätt|title=Römischer Bauernhof|url=http://www.naturpark-altmuehltal.de/sehenswertes/roemischer_bauernhof-1774/ |accessdate=2015-07-05}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kaluwi.de/Kohlhunden.html|title=Kohlhunden.html|website=www.kaluwi.de}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.roemervilla-moeckenlohe.de/|title=Römervilla Möckenlohe|first=Kurt|last=Scheuerer|website=www.roemervilla-moeckenlohe.de}} 20. ^altmuehltal.de {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221201840/http://www.altmuehltal.de/adelschlag/villa-rustica.htm |date=February 21, 2014 }} 21. ^{{cite web|author=Tourismusverband {{ill|Pfaffenwinkel|de}}|title=Villa Rustica Peiting|url=http://www.pfaffen-winkel.de/de/villa-rustica-peiting|accessdate=2015-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924071946/http://www.pfaffen-winkel.de/de/villa-rustica-peiting|archive-date=2015-09-24|dead-url=yes|df=}} 22. ^ {{cite web|author=Alpenland in Römerhand|title=Peiting|url=http://www.alpenrand-in-roemerhand.de/peiting.html |accessdate=2015-06-02}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.morgenweb.de/region/bergstrasser-anzeiger/zwingenberg/kein-ackerbau-uber-der-villa-rustica-rodau-1.994233|title=Kein Ackerbau über der "Villa rustica" Rodau - Bergsträßer Anzeiger|publisher=}} 24. ^roemervilla-blankenheim.de {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224172313/http://www.roemervilla-blankenheim.de/info.htm |date=February 24, 2015 }} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.roscheiderhof.de/kulturdb/client/einObjekt.php?id=12496|title=Grundriß einer römischen Villa Rustica, Sarresdorf, Gerolstein, Gerolstein - Datenbank der Kulturgüter in der Region Trier|website=www.roscheiderhof.de}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://kuseler-musikantenland.de/deutsch/kultur---freizeit/sehenswuerdigkeiten/kulturdenkmaeler/villa-rustica.html|archive-url=https://archive.is/20120711200239/http://kuseler-musikantenland.de/deutsch/kultur---freizeit/sehenswuerdigkeiten/kulturdenkmaeler/villa-rustica.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2012-07-11|title=Herzlich willkommen - Pfälzer Bergland|website=kuseler-musikantenland.de}} 27. ^Rimski lokaliteti valjevskog kraja {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416081607/http://ahl.petnica.rs/images/stories/dokumenti/ahl9505.pdf |date=April 16, 2016 }} 28. ^{{cite book|first1=Beat|last1=Horisberger|first2=Bettina|last2=Hedinger|first3=Florian|last3=Hoek|first4=Roger|last4=Büsser|title=Römisches Landleben im Zürcher Oberland - Die Römer in Wetzikon|language=German|year=2007|publisher=Verlag Huber |location=Frauenfeld, Stuttgart, Wien|isbn=978-3-7193-1441-5}}
External links- Villa Rustica - open-air museum at Hechingen (Germany)
3 : Ancient Roman architecture|Architectural history|Villa rustica |