| 词条 | Narsarsuaq |
| 释义 |
|name = Narsarsuaq |other_name = |image_skyline = Narsarsuaq-tunulliarfik.jpg |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = Narsarsuaq and Tunulliarfik Fjord |image_shield = |shield_size = |pushpin_map = Greenland |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = Location within Greenland |pushpin_mapsize = 300 | subdivision_type = State | subdivision_name = {{Flag|Kingdom of Denmark}} | subdivision_type1 = Constituent country | subdivision_name1 = {{Flag|Greenland}} | subdivision_type2 = Municipality | subdivision_name2 = Kujalleq | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = |government_footnotes = [1] |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Kiista P. Isaksen |established_title = |established_date = |population_as_of = 2015 |population_total = 145 |timezone = UTC-03 |coordinates = {{coord|61|08|45|N|45|26|05|W|region:GL|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 3923 |website = }} Narsarsuaq (lit. Great Plan;[2] old spelling: Narssarssuaq) is a settlement in the Kujalleq municipality in southern Greenland. It had 158 inhabitants in 2010.[3] There is a thriving tourism industry in and around Narsarsuaq, whose attractions include a great diversity of wildlife, gemstones, tours to glaciers, and an airfield museum. HistoryNarsarsuaq is located within the Eastern Settlement of the Greenlandic Norse; the Brattahlíð farm of Erik the Red established in 985 was located on the opposite bank of Tunulliarfik Fjord, where the modern settlement of Qassiarsuk is situated.[2] In 1941 the United States built an air base at Narsarsuaq code-named Bluie West One (BW1). (Bluie was the Allied military code name for Greenland.) Thousands of planes used BW1 as a stepping stone on their way from the aircraft factories in North America to the battlegrounds of Europe. A 600-bed hospital was built in order to deal with casualties from the Normandy landings.[2] After the end of the war, BW1 continued to be developed, and was a major hospital site during the Korean War, with the military hospital expanded to 1,000 beds.[2] However, it was rendered surplus by the advent of mid-air refueling and the construction of the larger Thule Air Base in northern Greenland. In 1951, it was agreed that Denmark and the United States would jointly oversee the airbase. Although it closed in 1958, but it was reopened the following year by the Danish government after the loss of the vessel Hans Hedtoft and all crew south off Cape Farewell.[4] The hospital was destroyed by a fire in 1972, although the ruins remain. TransportNarsarsuaq Airport serves as the principal airfield in southwestern Greenland, with seasonal international flights from Iceland operated by Air Iceland and Denmark operated by Jet Time for Air Greenland, feeding the commuter flights from communities of southern Greenland operated by Air Greenland. Small planes crossing the Atlantic sometimes replicate the North Atlantic Ferry Route, stopping at Narsarsuaq Airport and other World War II airfields, including Goose Bay, Newfoundland in Canada and Reykjavík in Iceland. Narsarsuaq has a sea port where passenger boats and cruise ships can moor.[5] It is located {{convert|2.4|km|mi}} south of the terminal building, so bus transfers are arranged. A {{convert|26|km|mi}} gravel road is maintained between Qassiarsuk and Narsarsuaq around the fjord.[6] There is also a regular boat service to Qaqortoq. PopulationThe population of the settlement is strictly tied to the traffic dynamics at the local airport.[3] {{wide image|Narsarsuaq-population-dynamics.png|1000px|alt=Narsarsuaq population dynamics|Narsarsuaq population dynamics in the last two decades. Source: Statistics Greenland[3]}}ClimateNarsarsuaq experiences boundary subarctic climate (Köppen: Dfc), which barely escapes being classified as polar climate, which is typical for the rest of Greenland. Despite its rather chilly temperatures, Narsarsuaq is one of the few places in Greenland where naturally growing trees can be found on an abundant scale. This is due to multiple factors, one being its geographical positioning, being extremely sheltered from harsh subpolar winds by being behind multiple layers of tall mountains to the west, as well as the presence of heavy oceanic influence resulting with a rather stable and steady amount of precipitation year-round. The oceanic influence can be observed from the occasional Atlantic storms that often pound the region (which results with a fairly wet climate) and a moderate amount of precipitation per year (which could also be considered rather high in Greenlandic standards). Due to the fair climatic conditions the area has to offer, Narsarsuaq has been to host one of Greenland's only botanical garden, that is the "Greenlandic Arboretum". {{Weather box|location = Narsarsuaq, Greenland (1981–2010) |metric first = Y |single line = Y | Jan record high C = 14.2 | Feb record high C = 15.3 | Mar record high C = 16.5 | Apr record high C = 19.1 | May record high C = 24.8 | Jun record high C = 25.2 | Jul record high C = 24.1 | Aug record high C = 23.6 | Sep record high C = 22.4 | Oct record high C = 18.7 | Nov record high C = 18.4 | Dec record high C = 15.9 |year record high C = 25.2 | Jan high C = -2.9 | Feb high C = -3.1 | Mar high C = -1.2 | Apr high C = 4.2 | May high C = 9.8 | Jun high C = 13.8 | Jul high C = 15.5 | Aug high C = 13.8 | Sep high C = 9.8 | Oct high C = 4.6 | Nov high C = 0.7 | Dec high C = -2.0 |year high C = 5.3 | Jan mean C = -7.0 | Feb mean C = -7.2 | Mar mean C = -5.3 | Apr mean C = 0.5 | May mean C = 5.9 | Jun mean C = 9.6 | Jul mean C = 11.3 | Aug mean C = 9.9 | Sep mean C = 6.3 | Oct mean C = 1.3 | Nov mean C = -3.0 | Dec mean C = -5.9 |year mean C = 1.4 | Jan low C = −11.1 | Feb low C = −11.3 | Mar low C = −9.3 | Apr low C = -3.2 | May low C = 1.9 | Jun low C = 5.4 | Jul low C = 7.1 | Aug low C = 6.1 | Sep low C = 2.7 | Oct low C = -1.9 | Nov low C = -6.7 | Dec low C = −9.8 |year low C = -2.5 | Jan record low C = -39.8 | Feb record low C = -33.7 | Mar record low C = -31.9 | Apr record low C = -23.1 | May record low C = -16.7 | Jun record low C = -2.9 | Jul record low C = 0.1 | Aug record low C = -0.1 | Sep record low C = -5.7 | Oct record low C = -17.8 | Nov record low C = -26.1 | Dec record low C = -35.9 |year record low C = -39.8 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 40.2 | Feb precipitation mm = 39.6 | Mar precipitation mm = 34.3 | Apr precipitation mm = 42.7 | May precipitation mm = 36.1 | Jun precipitation mm = 50.6 | Jul precipitation mm = 50.2 | Aug precipitation mm = 62.6 | Sep precipitation mm = 69.4 | Oct precipitation mm = 51.3 | Nov precipitation mm = 52.3 | Dec precipitation mm = 30.8 |year precipitation mm = 559.5 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | Jan precipitation days = 6.7 | Feb precipitation days = 5.9 | Mar precipitation days = 6.3 | Apr precipitation days = 5.8 | May precipitation days = 6.4 | Jun precipitation days = 6.9 | Jul precipitation days = 7.4 | Aug precipitation days = 8.5 | Sep precipitation days = 8.0 | Oct precipitation days = 6.2 | Nov precipitation days = 6.5 | Dec precipitation days = 6.6 |year precipitation days = | Jan sun = 26 | Feb sun = 65 | Mar sun = 137 | Apr sun = 168 | May sun = 177 | Jun sun = 182 | Jul sun = 192 | Aug sun = 156 | Sep sun = 136 | Oct sun = 94 | Nov sun = 44 | Dec sun = 18 |year sun = 1431 |Jan percentsun = 13.0 |Feb percentsun = 25.6 |Mar percentsun = 37.6 |Apr percentsun = 38.1 |May percentsun = 32.7 |Jun percentsun = 31.5 |Jul percentsun = 33.6 |Aug percentsun = 31.8 |Sep percentsun = 35.1 |Oct percentsun = 30.1 |Nov percentsun = 20.2 |Dec percentsun = 10.5 |year percentsun = |source 1 = Danish Meteorological Institute (sun, 1980–1999)[7] | source 2 = Météo Climat [8] }} Greenlandic Arboretum{{anchor|Arboretum Groenlandicum}}On the lower slopes of the Mellemlandet ridge, in close proximity to Narsarsuaq Airport, there is a unique 'botanical garden of the Arctic', called the Greenlandic Arboretum.[9] The goal is to establish a live collection of trees and bushes heralding from both the arctic and the alpine tree-lines of the entire Northern Hemisphere. Founded in 1988, it encompasses 15 hectares and sheltering 110 plant species, mostly varieties of boreal taiga trees, such as Siberian larch, Lodgepole Pine, White Spruce, or Sitka Spruce,[10][11] and various bushes. Many individual trees are tagged or otherwise marked. The plantation currently has more than 50,000 trees of various provenances. {{Clear}}References{{commons category|Narsarsuaq}}1. ^Kujalleq Municipality {{da icon}} {{Settlements in Greenland}}2. ^1 2 3 Facts and History of Narsarsuaq, Narsarsuad Tourist Information 3. ^1 2 {{cite web |title = Statistics Greenland |language = Danish |url = http://bank2.stat.gl/ |publisher = Statistics Greenland |accessdate = May 9, 2011 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110812052835/http://bank2.stat.gl/ |archivedate = August 12, 2011 |df = }} 4. ^{{cite web| author = Dan Ford| title = Remembering Bluie West One| url = http://www.warbirdforum.com/bluie.htm| publisher = WarbirdForum.com| accessdate = May 9, 2011}} 5. ^[https://ssl.panoramio.com/photo/12331455 Narsarsuaq phot by Søren Møller] 6. ^Road distance 7. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.dmi.dk/fileadmin/user_upload/Rapporter/TR/2000/tr00-18.pdf| title = The Observed Climate of Greenland, 1958–99 with Climatological Standard Normals, 1961–90| publisher = Danish Meteorological Institute| accessdate = 17 November 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/listenormale-1981-2010-1-p75.php|title=Greenland climate normals 1981-2010|publisher=Météo Climat|accessdate=5 September 2018}} 9. ^{{cite web| url = http://ign.ku.dk/english/about/arboreta/arboretum-greenland/history/| title = History of the Greenlandic Arboretum| publisher = Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen| accessdate = 31 August 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web| url = http://ign.ku.dk/english/about/arboreta/arboretum-greenland/| title = The Greenlandic Arboretum in Narsarsuaq| publisher = Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen| accessdate = 31 August 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web| url = http://ign.ku.dk/english/about/arboreta/arboretum-greenland/forest-plantations/| title = The Forest Plantations in The Greenlandic Arboretum| publisher = Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen| accessdate = 31 August 2016}} 1 : Populated places in Greenland |
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