| 词条 | Viviparus glacialis |
| 释义 |
| image = Viviparus glacialis - Rosmalen - Late Tiglian.jpg | image_caption = A shell of Viviparus glacialis | status = Fossil | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Mollusca | classis = Gastropoda | unranked_superfamilia = clade Caenogastropoda informal group Architaenioglossa | superfamilia = Viviparoidea | familia = Viviparidae | subfamilia = Viviparinae | genus = Viviparus | subgenus = | species = †V. glacialis | binomial = †Viviparus glacialis | binomial_authority = (S. V. Wood, 1872)[1] | synonyms = Paludina glacialis Wood, 1872 }} †Viviparus glacialis is an extinct species of fossil freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Viviparidae, the river snails. Shell descriptionThis species of snail had an elongated, slim, rather thick-walled shell with approximately 6 ¼ flat whorls which are separated by a shallow suture. The apex is blunt. The aperture is slantingly oval and weakly angulated at the top. The peristome is simple, not thickened and not continuous. There is a narrow umbilicus that may be covered with callus. The surface of the shell is smooth and glossy and bears regular growing lines. Under a magnification of c. 50× a sculpture of fine spiral grooves can be observed. These 'grooves' are composed of densely spaced tiny holes. In most cases the periostracum has not been preserved but if still present this has a light brown to black color. Whether or not the shell had a color pattern, and if so what that might have been is unknown. The width of the shell is up to 13.5 mm, the height is up to 24 mm. AnatomyNothing is known about the anatomy of the animal. DistributionThe species is only known from the Netherlands[2] and the United Kingdom. From the United Kingdom only 6 specimens are known (among which is the holotype). The specimens have been found in the Weybourn Crag, which has an estuarine facies. In the Netherlands the species has been only found in deposits of the River Rhine. It is known from clay pits in the surroundings of the village of Tegelen (Province of Limburg) and in several dozens of boreholes, especially in the Southern part of the Netherlands. The species may occasionally occur there in very high numbers. Fossil occurrenceIn the Netherlands known from interglacial deposits with a Tiglian and Pretiglian age. In the United Kingdom only present in the late Tiglian. As an index fossilViviparus glacialis is, although already present in the Pretiglian, considered as a guide fossil or index fossil for the Tiglian.[3]EcologyReproduction and life spanAlthough all Viviparidae are ovoviviparous, nothing is known about the reproduction strategy of this species. Based upon counting of the annual growth rings within the shell, this species may reach an age of at least 12 years. HabitatAccording to the ecological preferences of extant species co-occurring with Viviparus glacialis and the sedimentary facies in which these are found, the species favours quiet parts of a fluvial environment. From the same data it may be concluded that the species can endure a slight increase of salinity. References1. ^{{en icon}} {{Aut|Wood, S.V.,}} 1872-1874. Supplement to the monograph of the Crag Mollusca, or, description of shells from the Middle and Upper Tertiaries of the east of England, 3. Univalves and bivalves. Monograph Palaeontographical Society of London, 31 + 99 pp., pls 1-7 (1872); 99-231, pls 8-21 (1874). {{More footnotes|date=April 2009}}2. ^{{nl icon}} {{Aut|Gittenberger, E., Janssen, A.W., Kuijper, W.J., Kuiper, J.G.J., Meijer, T., Velde, G. van der & Vries, J.N. de}}, 1998. De Nederlandse zoetwatermollusken. Recente en fossiele weekdieren uit zoet en brak water Nederlandse Fauna 2. Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Naturalis, KNNV Uitgeverij & EIS-Nederland, Leiden, 288 pp. 3. ^{{cite journalMeijer, T., Preece, R.C., 1995. Malacological evidence relating to the insularity of the British Isles during the Quaternary. In Island Britain: a Quaternary perspective. Preece, R.C. (ed.) Geological Society Special Publication No. 96: 89-110.}}
2 : Viviparidae|Pleistocene gastropods |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。