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词条 National Basketball League (United States)
释义

  1. History

     Early years   Middle years    Later years  

  2. Legacy

  3. Teams

  4. Arenas

  5. All-time scoring leaders

  6. Championships

  7. Season leaders and awards

  8. References

  9. External links

{{About||other organizations with similar names|National Basketball League (disambiguation)|and|NBL (disambiguation)}}{{Infobox sports league
| title = National Basketball League (NBL)
| logo =
| pixels = 100px
| sport = Basketball
| founded = 1937
| folded = August 3, 1949 merger
| inaugural = 1937–38
| teams = 38
| country = United States
| champion = Anderson Packers (1st title)
| most_champs = Akron Firestone Non-Skids
Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons
Oshkosh All-Stars (2 each)
}}

The National Basketball League (NBL) was a professional men's basketball league in the United States established in 1937. After the 1948–49 season, its twelfth, it merged with the Basketball Association of America (BAA) to create the National Basketball Association (NBA).

History

The predecessor of this league was the Midwest Basketball Conference (MBC) in 1935. It changed its name in 1937 in an attempt to attract a larger audience. The league was created by three corporations: General Electric, Firestone and Goodyear. It was primarily made up of Great Lakes area small-market and corporate teams.

The league began rather informally. Scheduling was left to the discretion of each of the teams, as long as the team played at least ten games and four of them were on the road. Games played increased yearly as the popularity of professional basketball and the NBL grew in America. Games consisted either of four ten-minute quarters or three fifteen-minute periods. The choice was made by the home team. Some of the teams were independent, while others were owned by companies that also found jobs for their players.

Chicago newspaper sports editor Leo Fischer acted as president of the NBL from 1940–44.

In 1946, the Basketball Association of America (BAA) incorporated resulting in a three-year battle with the NBL to win both players and fans. The BAA played its games in larger cities and venues.

On August 3, 1949, representatives from the 12-year-old NBL and 3 year old BAA met at the BAA offices in New York's Empire State Building to finalize a merger. Maurice Podoloff was elected head of the new league. The new National Basketball Association (NBA) was made up of 17 teams that represented both small towns and large cities across the country. The NBA claims the BAA's history as its own, and considers the 1949 deal as an expansion, not a merger. As such, it does not recognize NBL records and statistics.

The history of the NBL falls into three eras, each contributing significantly to the growth of professional basketball and the emergence of the NBA. The first dynasty centered on the Oshkosh All-Stars and their center Leroy "Cowboy" Edwards. The middle years saw the emergence of the Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons, who were later instrumental in the survival of the NBA during its infancy. The final period of note during the NBL's existence centered on George Mikan and the emergence of the big man in basketball.[1]

Early years

The Oshkosh All-Stars appeared in the championship series for five consecutive years (1938–42). They won two titles, they were led by a rugged 6' 4" (1.93 m) center named Leroy "Cowboy" Edwards. Edwards was a consensus NCAA "All American" and Helms Foundation "College Player of the Year" as a member of the 1934–35 University of Kentucky Wildcats. He left Kentucky after two years to pursue a professional basketball career, which was unheard of at the time. He led the NBL in scoring for three consecutive seasons, 1937-1940. He set numerous NBL and professional basketball scoring records and is generally credited with the introduction of the "3 second rule" in basketball which is still in existence today. Edwards played in all 12 NBL seasons with the Oshkosh All-Stars, and retired just prior to its merger with the BAA to form the NBA.

Middle years

The Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons—so nicknamed because they were owned by Fred Zollner, whose company made pistons for engines—were led by tough veteran Bobby McDermott. The Pistons finished second in 1942 and 1943 and won the league title in 1944 and 1945. Like many teams of that era, it was not uncommon for Fort Wayne to play its games in taverns, armories, high-school gyms or ballrooms.

Under Zollner, the Pistons would eventually play an important role in the survival and growth of the NBA. Zollner's financial support of the NBA helped the league stay afloat during its tumultuous formative years.

Challenging the Zollner Pistons and Oshkosh for supremacy were the Sheboygan Red Skins. Beginning in 1941, the season before Fort Wayne joined the NBL, Sheboygan appeared in five of six championship series. They lost to Oshkosh in the 1941 finals, beat Fort Wayne for the title in 1943 but lost to the Zollner Pistons in 1944 and 1945, and were swept in the 1946 finals by the league's newest member, the powerhouse Rochester Royals, who boasted Hall of Famers Al Cervi, Bob Davies and Red Holzman.

Later years

The NBL's third era was dominated by Mikan, the 6'10" (2.08 m), three-time NCAA "All-American" center from DePaul University in Chicago. As a rookie, he led the Chicago American Gears to the 1947 NBL title, but before the next season, owner Maurice White pulled his team out of the league and formed his own 24-team circuit called the Professional Basketball League of America. That venture quickly failed, and Mikan was signed by the NBL's Minneapolis Lakers, where he teamed with the versatile Jim Pollard to win the 1948 championship.

After the 1947–48 season, Mikan's Lakers quit the League to join the Basketball Association of America (BAA), along with three other NBL clubs: Rochester, Fort Wayne, and Indianapolis.

The NBL added an all-black team in December of its final season, when one of its replacement clubs folded, the Detroit Vagabond Kings. That franchise was awarded to a famous barnstorming team, the New York Rens, composed entirely of African Americans, to play out the season in Dayton, Ohio, as the Dayton Rens. In 1949 after a three-year battle with the BAA for fans and players the NBL was absorbed by the BAA and became the NBA.

Legacy

The NBL contributed significantly to the foundation of the NBA, but it also had major accomplishments in other areas, most notably in offering opportunities for African-American players. In the 1942–43 season, with many players in the armed forces, two NBL clubs, the Toledo Jim White Chevrolets and the Chicago Studebakers, filled their rosters by signing African-Americans—five years before Jackie Robinson would break baseball's color barrier with the Brooklyn Dodgers. Neither team fared well. Toledo signed several black players to start the season, including Bill Jones, who had starred at the University of Toledo, but the team lost its first four games and folded due to financial difficulties. Chicago stocked its roster with several members of the Harlem Globetrotters, who worked during the week at the Studebaker plant, but it also folded after compiling an 8–15 record.

Five current NBA teams trace their history back to the NBL. Three teams joined the BAA in 1948: the Minneapolis Lakers (now the Los Angeles Lakers), the Rochester Royals (now the Sacramento Kings), and the Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons (now the Detroit Pistons). Two more teams were part of the merger that created the NBA in 1949: the Buffalo Bisons/Tri-Cities Blackhawks (now the Atlanta Hawks), and the Syracuse Nationals (now the Philadelphia 76ers).

Five former NBA teams also trace their history back to the NBL: the Anderson Packers, Denver Nuggets, Indianapolis Jets (as the Kautskys), Sheboygan Red Skins and Waterloo Hawks played in the NBL/BAA/NBA. The Jets played in the BAA for the 1948–49 season only; the remaining teams for the 1949–50 season only. Anderson, Sheboygan and Waterloo joined the National Professional Basketball League in 1950.

The NBL also created the Indianapolis Olympians for the 1949–50 NBA season. When the NBL and BAA merged, this team joined the NBA without playing a single NBL game.

Also still surviving are the Akron Goodyear Wingfoots, the initial NBL Champion in 1938. The Wingfoots suspended operations for World War II and were not included in the NBL/BAA merger. Instead, they remained in the National Industrial Basketball League (NIBL), which in 1961 became the National AAU Basketball League (NABL). The Wingfoots are still an AAU Elite team in the NABL.

Teams

Note: * denotes a team currently playing in the NBA (7 ancestors of 5 NBA clubs).

[1][2]{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
  • Akron Firestone Non-Skids (1937–41)
  • Akron Goodyear Wingfoots (1937–42)
  • Anderson Duffey Packers became Anderson Packers (1946–49)
  • Buffalo Bisons (1937-38)[3]
  • Buffalo Bisons became Tri-Cities Blackhawks (1946–49) [4]
  • Chicago Bruins (1939–42)
  • Chicago Studebaker Flyers (1942–43)
  • Chicago American Gears (1944–47)
  • Cincinnati Comellos (1937–38)
  • Cleveland Chase Brassmen (1943–44)
  • Cleveland Allmen Transfers (1944–46)
  • Columbus Athletic Supply (1937–38)
  • Dayton Metropolitans (1937–38)
  • Denver Nuggets (1948–49)
  • Detroit Eagles (1939–41)
  • Detroit Gems (1946–47)
  • Detroit Vagabond Kings/Dayton Rens (1948–49)
  • Flint Dow A.C.'s/Midland Dow A.C.'s (1947–48)
  • Fort Wayne General Electrics (1937–38)
{{col-2}}
  • Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons (1941–48)
  • Hammond Ciesar All-Americans (1938–41)
  • Hammond Calumet Buccaneers (1948–49)
  • Indianapolis Kautskys (1937–48)
  • Kankakee Gallagher Trojans (1937–38)
  • Minneapolis Lakers (1947–48)
  • Oshkosh All-Stars (1937–49)
  • Pittsburgh Pirates (1937–39)
  • Pittsburgh Raiders (1944–45)
  • Richmond King Clothiers became Cincinnati Comellos (1937–38)
  • Rochester Royals (1945–48)
  • Sheboygan Red Skins (1938–49)
  • Syracuse Nationals (1946–49)
  • Toledo Jim White Chevrolets (1941–43)
  • Toledo Jeeps (1946–48)
  • Warren Penns (1937–38)
  • Warren Penns/Cleveland White Horses (1938–39)
  • Waterloo Hawks (1948–49)
  • Whiting Ciesar All-Americans (1937–38)
  • Youngstown Bears (1945–47)
{{col-end}}

Arenas

Division Team City Arena Capacity Club Founded NBL Years BAA/NBA successor
Eastern Conference
Akron Firestone Non-Skids Akron, Ohio Firestone Clubhouse 1,5001932 1937-1941 -
Akron Goodyear Wingfoots Akron, Ohio Akron Goodyear Hall 5,0001918 1937-1943 -
Youngstown Bears Youngstown, Ohio Youngstown South Field House 3,5001945 1945-1947 -
Toledo Jim White Chevrolets Toledo, Ohio Civic Auditorium 3,6001941 1941-1943 -
Toledo Jeeps Toledo, Ohio The Field House (University of Toledo) 6,0001946 1946-1948 -
Dayton Metropolitans Dayton, Ohio Montgomery County Fairgrounds Coliseum 4,2001935 1937-1938 -
New York/Dayton Rens Dayton, Ohio Springfield High School Gymnasium 1,2001922 1948-1949 -
Cincinnati Comellos Cincinnati, Ohio Freeman Avenue Armory Gym ?1937 1937-1938 -
Cleveland White Horses Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland Arena 6,0001938 1938-1939 -
Cleveland Chase Brassmen/Allmen Transfers Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland Auditorium 10,0001943 1943-1946 -
Columbus Athletic Supply Columbus, Ohio ? ?1936 1937-1938 -
Buffalo Bisons/Tri-Cities Blackhawks Tri-Cities, Washington Wharton Field House 6,0001946 1946-1949 Tri-Cities Blackhawks
Buffalo Bisons Buffalo, New York Buffalo Broadway Auditorium 7,5001925 1937-1938 -
Rochester Royals Rochester, New York Edgerton Park Arena 4,5001923 1945-1948 Rochester Royals
Syracuse Nationals Syracuse, New York State Fair Coliseum 7,5001939 1946-1949 Syracuse Nationals
Pittsburgh Pirates Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Duquesne U Gym ?1931 1937-1939 -
Pittsburgh Raiders Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Duquesne Gardens 5,0001943 1944-1945 -
Warren Penns Warren, Pennsylvania Beaty JR High Gym 9001926 1937-1938 -
Western Conference
Oshkosh All-Stars Oshkosh, Wisconsin South Park School Gymnasium 2,0001929 1937-1949 -
Sheboygan Red Skins Sheboygan, Wisconsin Sheboygan Municipal Auditorium and Armory 3,0001933 1938-1949 -
Fort Wayne General Electrics Fort Wayne, Indiana North Side High School Gym 3,0001935 1937-1938 -
Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons Fort Wayne, Indiana North Side High School Gym 3,0001941 1941-1948 Fort Wayne/Detroit Pistons
Indianapolis Kautskys Indianapolis, Indiana Hinkle Filedhouse 15,0001931 1937-1948 Indianapolis Jets
Richmond King Clothiers Richmond, Indiana ? ?1937 1937-1938 -
Whiting Ciesar All-Americans Hammond, Indiana Hammond Civic Center 6,0001936 1937-1941 -
Hammond Calumet Buccaneers Hammond, Indiana Hammond Civic Center 6,0001948 1948-1949 -
Anderson Duffey Packers Anderson, Indiana Anderson High School Wigwam 4,8001946 1946-1949 Anderson Packers
Minneapolis Lakers Minneapolis, Minnesota Minneapolis Auditorium 10,0001947 1947-1948 Los Angeles Lakers
Detroit Eagles Detroit, Michigan ? ?1939 1939-1941 -
Detroit Vagabond Kings Detroit, Michigan Ferndale High School Gymnasium 6,0001948 1948-1949 -
Detroit Gems Detroit, Michigan Ferndale High School Gymnasium 6,0001946 1946-1947 Minneapolis Lakers
Flint/Midland Dow A.C.'s Flint/Midland, Michigan Flint Industrial Mutual Association Auditorium/ Midland High School Gym6,000 / ?1947 1947-1948 -
Waterloo Hawks Waterloo, Iowa McElroy Auditorium 5,1551948 1948-1949 Waterloo Hawks
Denver Nuggets Denver, Colorado Denver Auditorium Arena 6,8411948 1948-1949 Denver Nuggets
Kankakee Gallagher Trojans Kankakee, Illinois Gallagher Business School ?1937 1937-1938 -
Chicago Studebaker Flyers Chicago, Illinois Chicago Coliseum 6,0001942 1942-1943 -
Chicago American Gears Chicago, Illinois International Amphitheatre 9,0001944 1944-1948 -
Chicago Bruins Chicago, Illinois Chicago Coliseum 6,0001925 1939-1942 -

All-time scoring leaders

*Elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame
RankPlayerTeam(s)GamesPointsPPG
1
{{sortname|Bobby|McDermott}}*Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons, Chicago American Gears, Sheboygan Redskins, Tri-Cities Blackhawks2873,58312.48
2
Leroy|Edwards}}Oshkosh All-Stars, Indianapolis Kautskys3223,22110.00
3
Gene|Englund}}Oshkosh All-Stars2382,60010.92
4
Ed|Dancker}}Sheboygan Redskins, Oshkosh All-Stars3212,4907.76
5
{{sortname|Al|Cervi}}*Buffalo Bisons, Rochester Royals, Syracuse Nationals1872,32612.44
6
Don|Otten}}Buffalo Bisons, Tri-Cities Blackhawks1682,29213.64
7
Michael|Novak|Michael Novak (basketball)}}Chicago American Gears, Sheboygan Redskins, Syracuse Nationals2672,2798.54
8
Bob|Carpenter|Bob Carpenter (basketball)}}Oshkosh All-Stars, Hammond Ciesar All-Americans2092,14010.24
9
George|Glamack}}Akron Goodyear Wingfoots, Rochester Royals, Indianapolis Kautskys, Hammond Calumet Buccaneers2022,13810.58
10
Jake|Pelkington}}Akron Goodyear Wingfoots, Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons2261,9498.62
11
Charles|Shipp}}Akron Firestone Non-Skids, Oshkosh All-Stars, Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons, Waterloo Hawks3761,9355.15
12
Stan|Patrick}}Chicago American Gears, Midland Dow A.C.'s, Hammond Calumet Buccaneers2121,7658.33
13
{{sortname|George|Mikan}}*Chicago American Gears, Minneapolis Lakers811,60819.85
14
{{sortname|Arnie|Risen}}*Indianapolis Kautskys, Rochester Royals, Toledo Jeeps1231,60613.06
15
Howie|Schultz}}Anderson Packers1651,6009.70

Championships

Year Champion Losing finalist Games
1937–38 Akron Goodyear Wingfoots Oshkosh All-Stars 2–1
1938–39 Akron Firestone Non-Skids Oshkosh All-Stars 3–2
1939–40 Akron Firestone Non-Skids Oshkosh All-Stars 3–2
1940–41 Oshkosh All-Stars Sheboygan Red Skins3–0
1941–42 Oshkosh All-Stars Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons 2–1
1942–43 Sheboygan Red Skins Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons 2–1
1943–44 Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons Sheboygan Red Skins 3–0
1944–45 Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons Sheboygan Red Skins 3–2
1945–46 Rochester Royals Sheboygan Red Skins 3–0
1946–47 Chicago American Gears Rochester Royals 3–2
1947–48 Minneapolis Lakers Rochester Royals 3–1
1948–49 Anderson Packers Oshkosh All-Stars 3–0

Season leaders and awards

Source: Steve Dimitry, Murry R. Nelson

*Elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame
Scoring leader,
SeasonPlayerTeam(s)PointsPPG
1937–38
Leroy|Edwards}}Oshkosh All-Stars21016.2
1938–39
Leroy|Edwards}} (2)Oshkosh All-Stars33411.9
1939–40
Leroy|Edwards}} (3)Oshkosh All-Stars36112.9
1940–41
Ben|Stephens}}Akron Goodyear Wingfoots26511.0
1941–42
Chuck|Chuckovits}}Toledo Jim White Chevrolets40618.5
1942–43
{{sortname|Bobby|McDermott}}*Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons31613.7
1943–44
Mel|Riebe}}Cleveland Chase Brassmen32317.9
1944–45
Mel|Riebe}} (2)Cleveland Allmen Transfers60720.2
1945–46
Bob|Carpenter|Bob Carpenter (basketball)}}Oshkosh All-Stars47313.9
1946–47
{{sortname|Al|Cervi}}*Rochester Royals63214.4
1947–48
{{sortname|George|Mikan}}*Minneapolis Lakers119521.3
1948–49
Don|Otten}}Tri-Cities Blackhawks89914.0
Most Valuable Player,
SeasonMVPTeam
1937–38
Leroy|Edwards}}Oshkosh All-Stars
1938–39
Leroy|Edwards}} (2)Oshkosh All-Stars
1939–40
Leroy|Edwards}} (3)Oshkosh All-Stars
1940–41
Ben|Stephens}}Akron Goodyear Wingfoots
1941–42
Chuck|Chuckovits}}Toledo Jim White Chevrolets
1942–43
{{sortname|Bobby|McDermott}}*Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons
1943–44
{{sortname|Bobby|McDermott}}* (2)Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons
1944–45
{{sortname|Bobby|McDermott}}* (3)Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons
1945–46
{{sortname|Bobby|McDermott}}* (4)Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons
1946–47
{{sortname|Bob|Davies}}*Rochester Royals
1947–48
{{sortname|George|Mikan}}*Minneapolis Lakers
1948–49
Don|Otten}}Tri-Cities Blackhawks
Coach of the Year,
SeasonCoachTeam
1937–38
Cliff|Byers}}Akron Goodyear Wingfoots
1938–39
Paul|Sheeks}}Akron Firestone Non-Skids
1939–40
Paul|Sheeks}} (2)Akron Firestone Non-Skids
1940–41
George|Hotchkiss}}Oshkosh All-Stars
1941–42
Lon|Darling}}Oshkosh All-Stars
1942–43
Carl|Roth|Carl Roth (basketball)}}Sheboygan Red Skins
1943–44
{{sortname|Bobby|McDermott}}*Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons
1944–45
{{sortname|Bobby|McDermott}}* (2)Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons
1945–46
{{sortname|Lester|Harrison}}*Rochester Royals
1946–47
Lon|Darling}} (2)Oshkosh All-Stars
1947–48
Murray|Mendenhall}}Anderson Duffey Packers
1948–49
{{sortname|Al|Cervi}}*Syracuse Nationals
Rookie of the Year,
SeasonRookieTeam
1937–38
Robert|Kessler}}Indianapolis Kautskys
1938–39
Jewell|Young}}Indianapolis Kautskys
1939–40
Ben|Stephens}}Akron Goodyear Wingfoots
1940–41
Ed|Sadowski|Ed Sadowski (basketball)}}Indianapolis Kautskys
1941–42
George|Glamack}}Akron Goodyear Wingfoots
1942–43
Ken|Buehler}}Sheboygan Red Skins
1943–44
Mel|Riebe}}Cleveland Chase Brassmen
1944–45
Stan|Patrick}}Chicago American Gears
1945–46
Red|Holzman}}Rochester Royals
1946–47
Fred|Lewis|Fred Lewis (basketball coach)}}Sheboygan Red Skins
1947–48
Mike|Todorovich}}Sheboygan Red Skins
1948–49
{{sortname|Dolph|Schayes}}*Syracuse Nationals

References

1. ^https://nbahoopsonline.com/History/Leagues/NBL/index.html
2. ^https://mentalfloss.com/article/23115/origins-all-30-nba-team-names
3. ^http://members.aol.com:80/apbrhoops/nblstand.html
4. ^http://www.sportsecyclopedia.com/nba/tri/tricities.html
5. ^1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20070630150353/http://hoopedia.nba.com/index.php/NBA_Roots "NBA Roots"]. Hoopedia: the Basketball Wiki. NBA.com. Reprinted(?) from "Early Professional Leagues" by Robin Deutsch and Douglas Stark, The Official NBA Encyclopedia, chapter 8(?). Archived 2007-06-30. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
[5]
}}

External links

  • Complete National Basketball League History 1937–49
  • [https://www.basketball-reference.com/nbl/ National Basketball League] at Basketball-Reference.com
  • Abstracts of open papers, NASSH 2002 – including "The NBA Began in Akron!? The Midwest Basketball Conference, 1935–37"], Murry Nelson, Pennsylvania State University
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