1. Formation of the party

2. Approving South Sudanese autonomy

3. War in Darfur

4. 2010 election

5. See also

6. References

7. External links

The National Congress or National Congress Party (abbreviated NCP) ({{lang-ar|المؤتمر الوطني}}; {{transl|ar|DIN|al-Mu'tamar al-Waṭanī}}) is the political party that rules Sudan. After the split of the National Islamic Front (NIF), the party was divided into two parties. The Islamic Movement led by its secretary Hassan al-Turabi and a military led by Omar al-Bashir launched a military coup against President-elect Sadiq al-Mahdi in 1989. Omar al-Bashir, who also became president of the National Congress Party and Sudan, seized power and began institutionalizing Sharia law at a national level.

After a military coup in 1969, Sudanese President Gaafar Nimeiry abolished all other political parties, effectively dissolving the Islamic Parties. Following political transition in 1985, Turabi reorganized the former party into the National Islamic Front (NIF), which pushed for an islamist constitution. The NIF ultimately backed another military coup bringing to power Omar al-Bashir, who publicly endorsed the NIF’s islamist agenda. The party structure is composed at the national level of the General Conference, the Shura Council and the Leadership Council, and the Executive Office.

The NCP was established in 1998 by key political figures in the National Islamic Front (NIF) as well as other politicians. The rule of the NCP is the longest and, by most standards, most successful reign in independent contemporary Sudanese history. It grew out of the Islamist student activism of the Muslim Brotherhood, passing through the same revolutionary salafi/jihadi violence. The party follows ideologies of Islamism, Pan-Arabism, and Arab nationalism.

Formation of the party

With Omar al-Bashir becoming President of Sudan, the National Congress Party was established as the only legally recognized political party in the nation in 1998, with very same ideology as its predecessors National Islamic Front (NIF) and the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation, which al-Bashir headed as Chairman until 1993. As the sole political party in the state, its members quickly came to dominate the entire Sudanese parliament. However, after Hassan al-Turabi, the speaker of parliament, introduced a bill to reduce the president's powers, prompting al-Bashir to dissolve parliament and declare a state of emergency, a split began to form inside the organization. Reportedly, al-Turabi was suspended as Chairman of National Congress Party after he urged a boycott of the President's re-election campaign. Then, a splinter-faction led by al-Turabi, the Popular National Congress Party (PNC) which was renamed the Popular Congress Party (PCP) shortly afterwards, signed an agreement with Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA), one of the largest rebel groups in the country, which led al-Bashir to believe that they were plotting to overthrow him and the government.^[2] Al-Turabi was subsequently imprisoned in 2000 on allegations of conspiracy before being released in October 2003.^[3]

Approving South Sudanese autonomy

In 2000, following the Sudanese government approving democratic elections that were boycotted by the opposition, it merged with the Alliance of Working Peoples' Forces Party of former President Gaafar Nimeiry. This merger later disintegrated with the launch of the Sudanese Socialist Union Party. The utility of the elections was questioned due to their boycotting by the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and the Umma Party. At those legislative elections, December 2000, the party won 355 out of 360 seats. At the presidential elections of the same year, its candidate Omar al-Bashir won 86.5% of the popular vote and was re-elected. National Congress Party members continue to dominate the Lawyers' Union and heads of most of North Sudan's agricultural and university student unions. Following the Comprehensive Peace Agreement with the SPLM in 2005, the NCP-dominated government of Sudan allowed Southern Sudan autonomy for six years, to be followed by a referendum on independence in 2011, thus ending the Second Sudanese Civil War. South Sudan voted in favour of secession.

War in Darfur

Since the outbreak of the War in Darfur in 2004 between the government of Omar al-Bashir and rebel groups such as the Sudanese Liberation Army (SLA) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM), the NCP has been almost universally criticised for allegedly, however not officially, supporting Arab militias such as the Janjaweed through a campaign of murder, rape and deportation against the local population. Because of the guerrilla warfare in the Darfur region, between 200,000^[4] and 400,000 people have been killed,^[5][6][7] while over 2.5 million people have been displaced^[8] and the diplomatic relations between Sudan and Chad has never been worse.^[9] This has led to the International Criminal Court (ICC) indicting State Minister for Humanitarian Affairs Ahmed Haroun and alleged Muslim Janjawid militia leader Ali Mohammed Ali, also known as Ali Kosheib, in relation to the atrocities in the region.^[10] On July 14, 2008, ten criminal charges were announced against President Omar al-Bashir, and subsequently a warrant for his arrest has been issued, but has yet to be executed.^[11][12][13]

2010 election

Despite his international arrest warrant, President Omar al-Bashir remained the leader of the NCP and its candidate in the 2010 Sudanese presidential election, the first election with multiple political parties participating in ten years.^[14] His political rival was Vice President Salva Kiir Mayardit, who was also leader of the Sudan People's Liberation Army and subsequently became President of South Sudan.^[15][16]

See also

• National Islamic Front
• Sudan People's Liberation Movement
• Sudanese Socialist Union

References

External links

• Official National Congress Party Website
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090307195202/http://www.trial-ch.org/en/trial-watch/profil/db/facts/omar-hassan-ahmad_al-bashir_779.html Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir] — Trial Watch
• Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir — the Hague Justice Portal
• "[https://web.archive.org/web/20101110221829/http://sudaninside.net/2007/11/18/omar-el-bashir-order-re-opening-of-popular-defence-training-camps Sudanese President Threaten Wars,]" Sudan Inside, 18 November 2007.
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080213210041/http://www.heritage.org/Research/MiddleEast/EM245.cfm "A Cautious Welcome for Sudan's New Government,"] by Michael Johns, Heritage Foundation Executive Memorandum #245, 28 July 1989.
• Arrest Warrant for Sudan's President Bashir: Arabs Are Leaving Themselves out of the International Justice System
• Sudan Electionnaire

• Delia Milliron (scientist)
• Delian Amphictyony
• Delian Confederacy
• Delian constant
• Deliang Chen
• Delian Island
• Delian Mors
• Delia North
• Delia Owens
• Delia Parmalee
• Delia platura
• Delia pluvialis
• Delia Ramirez
• Delia Ryan Coleridge
• Delias agoranis
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