| 词条 | National Democratic Action Society |
| 释义 |
| name = National Democratic Action Society - Wa'ad | native_name = جمعية العمل الوطني الديمقراطي - وعد | logo = | general_secretary = Fouad Seyadi | colorcode = orange | colors = Orange | foundation = 2002 | founder = Abdulrahman al-Nuaimi[1] | ideology = Arab nationalism[2]{{-}}Socialism[3] Secularism | position = Left-wing | slogan = نعمل من أجل وطن لايرجف فيه الأمل | student_wing = The Change Student Bloc | youth_wing = The Youth Bureau - Wa'ad | predecessor = Popular Front for the Liberation of Bahrain | headquarters = Manama, Bahrain | international = | website = aldemokrati.org | country = Bahrain }} The National Democratic Action Society - Wa'ad ({{lang-ar|جمعية العمل الوطني الديمقراطي - وعد}}) is Bahrain's largest leftist political party. History and profileIt emerged from the Popular Front, a "radical" clandestine opposition movement of socialist and Arab nationalist orientation. Under the reform process initiated by Bahrain's King Hamad, the leaders of the Popular Front returned from exile to participate in the political process through the National Democratic Action. The party's origins lie in the split within the Left in the Arab world in the 1960s, between a pro-Moscow camp and a pro-China camp, with the NDA's leaders backing Beijing. The party is the first licensed political group in any of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. Historically, the Left in Bahrain had been very strong, partly as a result of the creation of a local working class through the Kingdom's industrialisation with the discovery of oil in the 1930s; however the waning of Arab nationalism, the collapse of communism as an ideology and the rise of the Islamist Right have marginalised the NDA and robbed it of much of its traditional support. The party was established by returning exiles in 2002.[4] The current leader of the party is Fouad Seyadi, who was elected after the general assembly of the party in November 2016. One of the current known figures of the party is Ibrahim Sharif Al-Sayed, who took over in 2005 until 2012 from Abdul-Rahman Al Nuaimi. In 2005 the party renamed itself Wa'ad ({{lang-ar|وعد}}), which translates to "Promise". Other prominent members include: Abdul-Nabi Alekri, Ebrahim KamalAldeen, Sami Seyadi, Ali Salih and Munira Fakhro The party suffered a very disappointing result in 2002's municipal elections when none of its candidates were elected in any constituency. Despite this, the NDA's leaders are widely respected and retain a great deal of influence in Bahraini society. The party boycotted 2002's parliamentary elections, but took part in the Bahraini parliamentary election of 2006; among its candidates was its vice president and former Harvard academic, Munira Fakhro, who contested an Isa Town constituency against Salah Ali of Al-Menbar Islamic Society. On June 2017, the party was banned on terrorism charges. The ban was criticised by Amnesty International and Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy. Lynn Maalouf of Amnesty International stated that "the suspension of Waad is a flagrant attack on freedom of expression and association".[5] Organizational Structure{{Empty section|date=March 2013}}The Highest Authority of Wa'ad is its General Assembly which all Wa'ad active members has the right to attend, which hold its meetings every 2 years. The General Assemby elects a Central Committee which holds the legislative power until the next General assembly. The Central Committee elects in its first meeting a General Secretary and a political bureau which act as governing body for the party until the next General Assembly. See also
References1. ^{{cite news|first=|last=|title=Bahrain opposition figure al-Nuaimi dies |url=https://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2011/09/01/general-ml-bahrain-obit-al-nuaimi_8653851.html|work=Associated Press|publisher=Forbes Magazine |date=1 September 2011|accessdate=4 September 2011}} 2. ^{{Cite report|date=6 April 2011 |title=Popular protests in North Africa and the Middle East (III): The Bahrain Revolt|url=http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Iran%20Gulf/Bahrain/105-%20Popular%20Protests%20in%20North%20Africa%20and%20the%20Middle%20East%20-III-The%20Bahrain%20Revolt.pdf|dead-url=true|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708204358/http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Iran%20Gulf/Bahrain/105-%20Popular%20Protests%20in%20North%20Africa%20and%20the%20Middle%20East%20-III-The%20Bahrain%20Revolt.pdf|archive-date=2016-07-08|publisher=International Crisis Group|pages= 16–17|accessdate=12 August 2012}} 3. ^[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/wikileaks-files/bahrain-wikileaks-cables/8334582/A-FIELD-GUIDE-TO-BAHRAINI-POLITICAL-PARTIES.html "A field guide to Bahraini political parties"]. The Daily Telegraph. Wikileaks. 18 February 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2012. 4. ^{{cite web|title=Bahrain. Political parties|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/gulf/bahrain-politics-parties.htm|publisher=Global Security|accessdate=21 September 2014}} 5. ^{{cite news|last1=McKernan|first1=Bethan|title=The Middle Eastern kingdom of Bahrain is quietly heading towards a ‘total suppression of human rights|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/bahrain-unrest-protests-banning-political-parties-waad-wefaq-shia-sheik-isa-qassim-a7771351.html|accessdate=8 June 2017|work=The Independent|date=3 June 2017|location=Beirut}} External links
10 : 2002 establishments in Bahrain|Arab nationalism in Bahrain|Arab Nationalist Movement breakaway groups|Arab socialist political parties|Bahraini uprising of 2011|Banned political parties|Organizations of the Arab Spring|Political parties established in 2002|Political parties in Bahrain|Socialist parties in Bahrain |
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