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词条 National Democratic Alliance (India)
释义

  1. History

  2. Structure

  3. Present Members and Seats in Parliament

  4. NDA Governments in various states

      List of Current NDA Chief Ministers    BJP Strength in State Legislatives Vidhan Sabha  

  5. List of Prime Ministers

  6. List of NDA Candidates Election wise

      List of NDA Candidates for 2019    List of NDA Candidates for 2014  

  7. Alliance Election wise

      For Lok Sabha Election 2019    For Lok Sabha Election 2014    For Lok Sabha Election 2009    For Lok Sabha Election 2004    For Lok Sabha Election 1999    For Lok Sabha Election 1998  

  8. Past members

  9. Year by year changes

      2011    2012 Presidential election    2013    2014    2015    2016   2017  2018  2019 

  10. Notes

  11. See also

  12. References

  13. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = National Democratic Alliance
|abbreviation = NDA
|founder = Bharatiya Janata Party
|colorcode = {{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color}}
|chairman = Amit Shah
|incumbent =
|formerpm = Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1998–2004)
|loksabha_leader = Narendra Modi
|rajyasabha_leader = Arun Jaitley
|national_convener =
|no_of_members = 40 Parties
|foundation = 1998
|position = Majority centre-right to right-wing
|loksabha_seats = 341
|rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|101|245|hex=#FF9933}}
}}

The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) is a coalition of Progressive centre-right to right-wing political parties in India.[1] At the time of its formation in 1998, it was led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and had 13 constituent parties. Its chairman was former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Also representing the alliance are L. K. Advani, former Deputy Prime Minister, who is the acting chairman of the Alliance, Narendra Modi, current Prime Minister and the Leader of the House in Lok Sabha; and Arun Jaitley, Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha and Finance minister. The coalition ruled from 1998 to 2004. The alliance returned to power in the 2014 General election with a combined vote share of 38.5%.[2] Its leader, Narendra Modi, was sworn in as Prime Minister of India on 26 May 2014.

History

The National Democratic Alliance was formed in May 1998 as a coalition to contest the general elections. It was led by the Bharatiya Janata Party, and included several regional parties, including the Samta Party and the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK), as well as Shiv Sena, the only member which shared the Hindutva ideology of the BJP.[3][4] With outside support provided by the Telugu Desam Party (TDP), the NDA was able to muster a slim majority in the elections of 1998, and Atal Bihari Vajpayee returned as prime minister.[5] The government collapsed within a year because the (AIADMK) withdrew its support. After the entry of a few more regional parties, the NDA proceeded to win the 1999 elections with a larger majority. Vajpayee became Prime Minister for a third time, this time for a full five-year term.[6]

The NDA called elections in early 2004, six months ahead of schedule. Its campaign was based around the slogan of "India Shining" which attempted to depict the NDA government as responsible for a rapid economic transformation of the country. However, the NDA suffered a defeat, winning only a 186 seats in the Lok Sabha, compared to the 222 of the United Progressive Alliance led by the Congress, with Manmohan Singh succeeding Vajpayee as prime minister. Some commentators have stated that the NDA's failure to reach out to the rural masses was the explanation for its defeat; others have pointed to its "divisive" policy agenda as the reason.[7][8]

Structure

The National Democratic Alliance does not have a formal governing structure in place, such as an executive board or politburo. It has been up to the leaders of the individual parties to make decisions on issues such as sharing of seats in elections, allocation of ministries and the issues that are raised in Parliament. Given the varied ideologies among the parties, there have been many cases of disagreement and split voting among the allies. Owing to ill health, George Fernandes, who was the NDA convener until 2008, was discharged of his responsibility and replaced by Sharad Yadav, the then national president of the Janata Dal (United) political party. On 16 June 2013, the JD(U) left the coalition and Sharad Yadav resigned from the role of the NDA convener. Then the CM of Andhra Pradesh Chandrababu Naidu was made the NDA convener.[9] On 27 July 2017 JD(U) with the help of BJP formed the government in Bihar. Later, on 19 Aug 2017 JD(U) formally joined the NDA after 4 years.[10]

Present Members and Seats in Parliament

{{Main|List of National Democratic Alliance members}}

Currently, the parties in and supporting the NDA are:[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]

NoPartyCurrent No. of MPs in Lok Sabha (As of 19 February 2019)Current No. of MPs in Rajya Sabha (As of 19 February 2019)Base State
1 Bharatiya Janata Party269{{efn|Elected(266), Nominated(2), Speaker of Lok Sabha(1)}}73{{efn|Elected(65), Nominated(8)}}National Party
2 All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam3713Tamil Nadu
3 Shiv Sena183Maharashtra
4 Janata Dal (United)26Bihar
5 Lok Janshakti Party60Bihar
6 Shiromani Akali Dal43Punjab
7 Apna Dal (Sonelal)20Uttar Pradesh
8 Pattali Makkal Katchi10Tamil Nadu
9 Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam00Tamil Nadu
10 Republican Party of India (A)01Maharashtra
11 Bodoland People's Front01Assam
12 Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party10Nagaland
13 All India N.R. Congress10Puducherry
15 National People's Party00Meghalaya
16 Mizo National Front00Mizoram
17 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha00Maharashtra
18 Shiv Sangram00Maharashtra
19 Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party00Goa
20Goa Forward Party00Goa
21 Goa Vikas Party00Goa
22 All Jharkhand Students Union00Jharkhand
23 Indigenous People's Front of Tripura00Tripura
24 Manipur Peoples Party00Manipur
25 Kamtapur People's Party00West Bengal
26 Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference00Jammu and Kashmir
27 United Democratic Party00Meghalaya
28 Hill State People's Democratic Party00Meghalaya
29 Kerala Congress (Thomas)00Kerala
30 Bharath Dharma Jana Sena00Kerala
31 kerala kamaraj congress00Kerala
32 Praja Socialist Party00Kerala
33 Democratic Labor Party (Kerala)00Kerala
34 Kerala Vikas Congress00Kerala
35 Pravasi Nivasi Party00Kerala
36 Kerala Congress (Nationalist)00Kerala
37 People's Democratic Front00Meghalaya
38 Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party00Uttar Pradesh
39 Asom Gana Parishad00Assam
- Total341101India

NDA Governments in various states

As of November 2018, the BJP holds a majority of Legislative Assembly in 10 states - Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Manipur, Tripura, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. In 2 states - Goa and Maharashtra BJP shares power as Senior Partner (Chief Ministers of BJP) with other political parties of NDA coalition.

In 5 other states, Bihar, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu and Mizoram, it shares power as Junior Partner with other political parties of the NDA coalition.

The BJP has previously been the sole party in power in Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh and Karnataka. It has also ruled Andhra Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Odisha, Punjab and Puducherry as part of coalition governments.

List of Current NDA Chief Ministers

{{See also|List of chief ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party}}
NoState/UTGovt SinceChief MinisterCM's PartyCM SinceAlliance PartnerSeats in AssemblyPercentage of Seats
01Arunachal Pradesh16 September 2016Pema KhanduBJP16 September 2016NPP(4), Independent(2)54/6090
02Assam19 May 2016Sarbananda SonowalBJP19 May 2016AGP(14), BPF(12), Independent(1)88/12670
03Bihar27 July 2017Nitish KumarJD(U)27 July 2017BJP(53), LJP(2), Independent(4)128/24353
04Gujarat28 February 1998Vijay RupaniBJP7 August 2016Independent(1)101/18255
05Haryana19 October 2014Manohar Lal KhattarBJP26 October 2014SAD(1)48/9053
06Jharkhand23 December 2014Raghubar DasBJP28 December 2014AJSU(4)47/8158
07Maharashtra19 October 2014Devendra FadnavisBJP31 October 2014SS(63), RSP(1)186/28865
08Manipur11 March 2017Nongthombam Biren SinghBJP15 March 2017NPF(4), NPP(4), LJP(1), Independent(1)41/6068
09Nagaland8 March 2018Neiphiu RioNDPP8 March 2018BJP(12), NPP(2), JDU(1), Independent(1)33/6055
10Tripura9 March 2018Biplab Kumar DebBJP9 March 2018IPFT(8)44/6073
11Uttar Pradesh11 March 2017Yogi AdityanathBJP19 March 2017AD(9), SBSP(4)323/40380
12Uttarakhand11 March 2017Trivendra Singh RawatBJP18 March 2017None57/7081
13Himachal Pradesh18 December 2017Jai Ram ThakurBJP27 December 2017None44/6865
14Tamil Nadu16 May 2011Edappadi K. PalaniswamiAIADMK16 February 2017None114/23449
15Goa8 November 2014Pramod SawantBJP19 March 2019GFP(3), Ind.(3)20/4053
16Meghalaya6 March 2018Conrad SangmaNPP6 March 2018UDP(8), PDF(4), HSPDP(2), Ind.(3), BJP(2)39/6065
17Mizoram15 December 2018ZoramthangaMNF15 December 2018BJP(1)27/4068

BJP Strength in State Legislatives Vidhan Sabha

NoState/UTAssemblyBJPNDAGovernment{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)
1Andhra Pradesh1753NATDP[26]
2Arunachal Pradesh6048National People's Party (4), Independent (2)BJP[27]
3Assam12661Asom Gana Parishad (14), Bodoland People's Front (12), Independent (1)BJP[28]
4Bihar24353Janata Dal (United) (69), Lok Janshakti Party (2), Independent (4)NDA[29]
5Chhattisgarh9015NAINC[30]
6Goa4014Goa Forward Party (3), Independent (3)BJP[31]
7Gujarat182100Independent (1)BJP[32]
8Haryana9047Shiromani Akali Dal (1)BJP[33]
9Himachal Pradesh6844NABJP[34]
10Jammu and Kashmir8725NonePresident's rule[35]
11Jharkhand8143All Jharkhand Students Union (4)BJP[36]
12Karnataka224104Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party (1), Independent (1)UPA[37]
13Kerala1401NALDF[38]
14Madhya Pradesh230109NAINC[39]
15Maharashtra288122Shiv Sena (63), Rashtriya Samaj Paksha (1)BJP[40]
16Manipur6031Naga People's Front (4), National People's Party (4), Lok Janshakti Party (1), Independent (1)BJP[41]
17Meghalaya602National People's Party (20), United Democratic Party (8), People's Democratic Front (4), Hill State People's Democratic Party (2), Nationalist Congress Party (1), Independent (2)NDA[42]
18Mizoram401Mizo National Front (26)NDA[43]
19Nagaland6012Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party (17), National People's Party (2), Janata Dal (United) (1), Independent (1)NDA[44]
20Odisha14710NABJD[45]
21Punjab1173Shiromani Akali Dal (14)INC[46]
22Rajasthan20073NAINC[47]
23Sikkim320NASDF[48]
24Tamil Nadu2340All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (115)NDA[49]
25Telangana1191NATRS[50]
26Tripura6036Indigenous People's Front of Tripura (8)BJP[51]
27Uttar Pradesh403310Apna Dal (9), Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party (4)BJP[52]
28Uttarakhand7057NABJP[53]
29West Bengal2943NAAITC[54]
30Delhi704NAAAP[55]
31Puducherry300All India N.R. Congress (7), All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (4), Independent (1)INC[56]
Total41201331455NDA (17)

List of Prime Ministers

No. Prime Ministers Year Duration Constituency
1 Atal Bihari Vajpayee 1998-1999, 1999–2004 6 years Lucknow
2 Narendra Modi 2014-2019 Incumbent Varanasi

List of NDA Candidates Election wise

List of NDA Candidates for 2019

{{Main|List of NDA Candidates for 2019 Election}}

List of NDA Candidates for 2014

{{Main|List of NDA Candidates for 2014 Election}}

Alliance Election wise

For Lok Sabha Election 2019

PartyBase StateSeats ContestedSeats WonSeat Change
Bharatiya Janata PartyNational Party437TBDTBD
Shiv Sena[57]Maharashtra23TBDTBD
Janata Dal (United)[58]Bihar17TBDTBD
Asom Gana ParishadAssam3TBDTBD
Bodoland People's FrontAssam1TBDTBD
Lok Janshakti Party[58]Bihar6TBDTBD
All Jharkhand Students Union[59]Jharkhand1TBDTBD
Independent (supported by BJP)Karnataka1TBDTBD
Bharath Dharma Jana SenaKerala5TBDTBD
Kerala Congress (Thomas)Kerala1TBDTBD
Nationalist Democratic Progressive PartyNagaland1TBDTBD
All India N.R. Congress[60]Puducherry1TBDTBD
Shiromani Akali Dal[61]Punjab10TBDTBD
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam[62]Tamil Nadu20TBDTBD
Pattali Makkal Katchi[62]Tamil Nadu7TBDTBD
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam[63]Tamil Nadu4TBDTBD
Puthiya Tamilagam[64]Tamil Nadu1TBDTBD
Puthiya Needhi Katchi[65]Tamil Nadu1TBDTBD
Tamil Maanila Congress[66]Tamil Nadu1TBDTBD
Apna Dal (Sonelal)Uttar Pradesh2TBDTBD

For Lok Sabha Election 2014

PartyBase StateSeats ContestedSeats WonSeat Change
Bharatiya Janata PartyNational Party426282{{increase}}166
Desiya Murpokku Dravida KazhagamTamil Nadu1500
Pattali Makkal KatchiTamil Nadu81{{increase}}1
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra KazhagamTamil Nadu70{{decrease}}1
Kongunadu Makkal Desia KatchiTamil Nadu100
Indhiya Jananayaga KatchiTamil Nadu100
New Justice PartyTamil Nadu100
Telugu Desam PartyAP, Telangana3016{{increase}}10
Jana Sena PartyAP, Telangana0––
Shiv SenaMaharashtra2018{{increase}}7
Swabhimani PakshaMaharashtra21{{increase}}0
Republican Party of India (Athvale)Maharashtra100
Rashtriya Samaj PakshaMaharashtra100
Shiromani Akali DalPunjab104{{increase}}0
Lok Janshakti PartyBihar76{{increase}}6
Rashtriya Lok Samata PartyBihar33{{increase}}3
Haryana Janhit CongressHaryana20{{decrease}}1
Apna DalUttar Pradesh22{{increase}}2
Kerala Congress (Nationalist)Kerala100
Revolutionary Socialist Party (Bolshevik)Kerala100
All India N.R. CongressPuducherry11{{increase}}1
National People's Party (India)Meghalaya11{{increase}}1
Naga People's FrontNagaland11{{increase}}0
Mizo National FrontMizoram100
Manipur Peoples PartyManipur0––
Gorkha Janmukti MorchaWest Bengal0––
Maharashtrawadi Gomantak PartyGoa0––
Goa Vikas PartyGoa0––
North-East Regional Political FrontNorth East#––
National Democratic Alliance – TotalIndia543336{{increase195
{{note|Split}}BJP had fielded 427 candidates on 427 seats out of 543 but nomination of BJP candidate S. Gurumoorthy was rejected from Niligiris for failing to submit mandatory forms during his nomination.[67][68][69][70][71][72]

(#) NPP, NPF and MNF are contesting in each Seats & Other 8 Members supporting NDA Candidates

For Lok Sabha Election 2009

Prime minister candidateParties
L. K. AdvaniBharatiya Janata Party
Janata Dal (United)
Shiromani Akali Dal
Shiv Sena
Indian National Lok Dal
Rashtriya Lok Dal
Asom Gana Parishad
Nagaland People's Front
Gorkha Janmukti Morcha
Uttarakhand Kranti Dal
Kamtapur Progressive Party
Ladakh Union Territory FrontTelangana Rashtra Samithi[73]

For Lok Sabha Election 2004

Prime Minister CandidateParties
A B VajpayeeBharatiya Janata Party
Janata Dal (United)
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Telugu Desam Party
Biju Janata Dal
Shiromani Akali Dal
All India Trinamool Congress
Shiv Sena
Janata Party
Mizo National Front
Indian Federal Democratic Party
Manipur State Congress Party

For Lok Sabha Election 1999

Prime Minister CandidateParties
A B VajpayeeBharatiya Janata Party
Janata Dal (United)
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Samata Party
Biju Janata Dal
Shiromani Akali Dal
Nationalist Trinamool Congress
Shiv Sena
Pattali Makkal Katchi
Lok Shakti
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhhagam
Haryana Vikas Party
Indian National Lok Dal
Mizo National Front
Sikkim Democratic Front

Manipur State Congress Party

Telugu Desam Party (External Support)

For Lok Sabha Election 1998

Prime Minister CandidateParties
A B VajpayeeBharatiya Janata Party
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Samata Party
Biju Janata Dal
Shiromani Akali Dal
Nationalist Trinamool Congress
Shiv Sena
Pattali Makkal Katchi
Lok Shakti
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhhagam
Haryana Vikas Party
Janata Party
Mizo National Front
NTR TDP(LP)

Past members

NoPartyBase StateWithdrawal DateReason for Withdrawal
1 Lok ShaktiBihar1999 Merged with Janata Dal (United) for 1999 Elections
2 J & K National ConferenceJammu and Kashmir2002 Blaming the BJP for its loss in the Jammu and Kashmir state elections.
3 Samta PartyBihar2003 Merged with Janata Dal (United) in 2003
4 Dravida Munnetra KazhagamTamil Nadu2004 Aligned with Congress Party during 2004 elections
5 Haryana Vikas PartyHaryana2004 Aligned with Congress Party during 2004 elections
6 Indian Federal Democratic PartyKerala2004 Following the 2004 election, Merged with Kerala Congress
7 All India Trinamool CongressWest Bengal2007 Aligned with the Congress party before the 2009 elections.
8 Indian National Lok DalHaryana2009 Left due to seat sharing disagreements during assembly elections 2009.
9 Biju Janata DalOdisha2009 Left the alliance just over a month before the 2009 elections.
10 Telangana Rashtra SamithiTelangana2009 Left the alliance post defeat in 2009 election.
11 Janata Dal (Secular)Karnataka2010 Left the alliance in 2010
12 Ladakh Union Territory FrontJammu and Kashmir2010 Merged with BJP.
13 Kamtapur Progressive PartyWest Bengal2010 Withdrew Support due to Merger with Kamtapur People's Party.
14 Uttarakhand Kranti DalUttarakhand2012 Withdrew Support before State Elections
15 Rashtriya Lok DalUttar Pradesh2012 Has allied with Congress for 2012 Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly election
16 Jharkhand Mukti MorchaJharkhand2012 Withdrew from alliance in 2012
17 Janata PartyTamil Nadu2013 Merged with BJP
18 Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)Haryana2014 Withdrew from alliance before Haryana Legislative Assembly election, 2014[74]
19 Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra KazhagamTamil Nadu2014 Withdrew alliance in a view to Tamil Nadu Elections 2016
20 Kerala Congress (Nationalist) (Noble Mathew)Kerala2016 Merged with BJP[75]
21 Kerala JanapakshamKerala2016 Merged with BJP
22 Revolutionary Socialist Party of Kerala (Bolshevik)Kerala2016 Withdrew alliance in a view to Kerala Legislative Assembly election, 2016[76]
23 Maraland Democratic FrontMizoram2017 Merged with BJP[77]
24 Swabhimani PakshaMaharashtra2017 Broke the alliance[78]
25 Telugu Desam PartyAndhra Pradesh2018 Withdrawn Support from NDA on 16 March 2018 over the demand of Special Category status to Andhra Pradesh and failure to Implement the corresponding Bifurcation Act.
26Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic PartyJammu and Kashmir2018 BJP withdrawn support from JKPDP-led government on 19 June 2018.
28 Rashtriya Lok Samata PartyBihar2018 Withdrawn from NDA ahead of 2019 Indian general election.
29 Gorkha Janmukti MorchaWest Bengal2019 Withdrawn from NDA ahead of 2019 Indian general election.[79]

Year by year changes

2011

Parties that joined the NDA coalition were Haryana based Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) and Maharashtra based Republican Party of India.

Ajit Singh led Rashtriya Lok Dal withdrew from the NDA.

2012 Presidential election

{{Main article|Indian presidential election, 2012}}

NDA nominated P. A. Sangma as its presidential candidate who lost against UPA's Pranab Mukherjee.

Vice-Presidential election
Jaswant Singh was named as the candidate for the post of Vice-President against UPA's Hamid Ansari. Ansari won his second term in office.[80]

2013

On 16 June 2013, Nitish Kumar led Janta Dal United has withdrawn from NDA.

On 13 September 2013, Narendra Modi declared as PM candidate for 2014 Elections.

On 11 August 2013, after a discussion with BJP President Rajnath Singh, Janata Party Chairman Dr.Subramanian Swamy officially joined Bharatiya Janata Party and merged his Janata Party with the Bharatiya Janata Party in presence of BJP president Rajnath Singh.The announcement was made by Mr Swamy and BJP president Rajnath Singh after they met at the latter's residence in Delhi. Former BJP chief Nitin Gadkari and senior party leader Arun Jaitley were also present at the meet.

2014

On 1 January 2014, Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhhagam leader Vaiko has announced that MDMK formally joined back to NDA. Vaiko also announced Modi will be the best candidate for Prime Minister.[81] The two small parties viz Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam and Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi have also joined NDA Alliance. The BJP would like Two more southern parties such as Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam, Pattali Makkal Katchi to also join the alliance.[82]

In Maharashtra, two regional political outfits, Swabhimani Paksha and Rashtriya Samaj Paksha, joined NDA in January.

[83] The coalition of Five parties is termed as Mahayuti. So in Maharashtra now NDA alliance consist of 5 Parties viz BJP, Shiv Sena, Republican Party of India, Swabhimani Paksha and Rashtriya Samaj Paksha.[84]

On 23 February 2014, Rashtriya Lok Samata Party led by Upendra Kushwaha joined NDA and will be contesting at 3 Lok Sabha seats in Bihar.[85] On 27 February 2014 Lok Janshakti Party led by Ramvilas Paswan joined NDA[86] It would contest at 7 Lok Sabha Seats in Bihar during 2014 Elections.[87]

DMDK will be fighting Lok Sabha Election through an alliance with BJP led NDA.[88] MDMK, PMK led Social Democratic Alliance are the other allies of NDA in Tamil Nadu.

Maharashtra Navnirman Sena : Its President, Raj Thackeray announced external support to NDA on 9 March 2014 which is marked as Party's formation day, supporting Narendra Modi as Prime Ministerial Candidate.

Indian National Lok Dal : Its Gen. Sec., Sh. Ajay Singh Chautala announced external support to NDA, supporting Sh. Narendra Modi as Prime Ministerial Candidate.

Lok Satta Party : President Shri J P Narayan announced external support to NDA, supporting Sh. Narendra Modi as Prime Ministerial Candidate

All India NR Congress (AINRC) formally joined NDA on 13 March 2014 and will be contesting in Puducherry.[14]Telugu Desam Party (TDP) rejoined NDA on 6 April, after breaking alliance in 2004 post general election defeat.[89]Shiv Sena Though Shiv Sena has quit Mahayuti in Maharashtra, before Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Elections 2014, but has decided to remain with NDA at the Centre.[90]All Jharkhand Students Union clinched an alliance with BJP for Jharkhand Assembly elections under which its junior partner will contest eight of the 81 seats in the state.[91]

2015

Bharatiya Janata Party on 27 February 2015 clinched an alliance with People's Democratic Party for Government Formation in Jammu and Kashmir under which its CM will be from PDP.[92]

In the month of November, BJP alliance lost the legislative assembly election in Bihar to the Mahagathbandhan comprising JD(U), RJD and the INC.

2016

In January 2016, Bharatiya Janata Party clinched an alliance with Bodoland People's Front in Assam.[93]

In March 2016, after a meeting with AGP President Atul Bora and Former Chief minister Prafulla Kumar Mahanta, BJP formed an alliance with Asom Gana Parishad for upcoming Assam legislative assembly election 2016.[94] BJP also aligned with Rabha and Tiwa Tribe outfit Rabha Jatiya Aikya Manch and Tiwa Jatiya Aikya Manch.

In March 2016, BJP forged an alliance with Kerala-based Ezhava outfit Bharath Dharma Jana Sena Party for Kerala Elections 2016.[95]

Following BJP's victory in the Assam Legislative Assembly Elections 2016, the party formed an alliance of like-minded non-Congress parties in the Northeast, called the North-East Democratic Alliance, consisting of 11 regional parties of Northeast India. Himanta Biswa Sarma, BJP leader from Assam has been appointed Convener of the regional alliance.

On 21 December 2016, Khandu was suspended from the party by the party president and Takam Pario was named as the next likely Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh replacing Khandu after People's Party of Arunachal suspended Khandu along with 6 other MLAs.[96][97][98]

In December 2016, Khandu proved majority on the floor with 33 of the People's Party of Arunachal’s 43 legislators joining the Bharatiya Janata Party as the BJP party increased its strength to 45 and it has the support of two independents. He became second Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh of Bharatiya Janata Party in Arunachal Pradesh after the 44 days lead Gegong Apang government in 2003.[99][100]

2017

In January 2017, Bharatiya Janata Party's alliance partner Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party in Goa and Shiv Sena in Maharashtra came together to contest Goa Legislative Assembly election in 2017 against the BJP with another Sangh Pariwar group called Goa Suraksha Manch.[101]

The results of the 2017 Goa Assembly election gave rise to a hung assembly since no political party could achieve a complete majority of 21 in the 40 member Goa Legislative Assembly. The Indian National Congress emerged the largest party with 17 seats but ultimately, the Bharatiya Janata Party which emerged victorious in 13 constituencies formed the government with the support of the Goa Forward Party, Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party and independents.[102] The Goa Forward Party expressed its support to the Bharatiya Janata Party on the condition that the then Union Defence Minister of India Manohar Parrikar would return to Goa as the Chief Minister of Goa.[103]

On 15 March 2017, N. Biren Singh was sworn as the Chief Minister by having coalition with NPP, NPF, LJP and others, the first time that BJP formed a government in Manipur, though the INC emerged as the single largest party.

On 27 July 2017, Janata Dal (United) rejoined NDA and formed a coalition government with Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in Bihar with Nitish Kumar as the Chief Minister and Sushil Kumar Modi as the Deputy Chief Minister, and with that BJP completed its domination in Hindi belt.[104]

2018

On 9 March 2018, Biplab Kumar Deb was sworn as the Chief Minister having a pre-poll alliance with IPFT, the first time that BJP formed a government in Tripura.

Telugu Desam Party (TDP) withdrew from the NDA on 16 March 2018.[105]Rashtriya Lok Samata Party (RLSP) withdrew from the NDA on 10 December 2018, citing a lack of progress on development in Bihar.[106]

In December 2018's state elections, the NDA lost elections in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Chhattisgarh to the INC. In Chhattisgarh, the NDA was defeated by the INC with 3/4th majority. It was also defeated by the TRS in Telangana and BJP managed to win only 1 seat out of the 119 constituencies in Telangana

2019

On 7 January 2019, the AGP withdrew from the NDA and also from the Assam Government on the issue of citizenship amendment bill but later joined back. On 21 January 2019, the GJM withdrew from the NDA and extended the support to Mamata Banerjee .

On 19 February 2019, AIADMK and PMK rejoined NDA and BJP announced that "They will contest 5 Lok sabha seats in Tamilnadu". On 10 March 2019,DMDK rejoined NDA.

On 8 March 2019 in Sikkim, BJP joined hands with opposition party SKM

On 12 March 2019 in Assam, BJP joined hands with old ally AGP [107]

Notes

{{notelist}}

See also

  • Coalition government
  • United Progressive Alliance

References

1. ^{{cite web|author=Simta Prakash|url=http://www.mid-day.com/columnists/2013/jun/170613-nda-implodes.html|title=NDA implodes|publisher=Mid-day.com|date=17 June 2013|accessdate=13 April 2014}}
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6. ^{{cite book|last=Sen|first=Amartya|title=The Argumentative Indian|year=2005|publisher=Penguin}}
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9. ^{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/live-it-was-time-to-remove-cong-from-centre-not-to-break-ties-says-rajnath/399134-37-64.html|title=Live: It was time to remove Cong from Centre, not to break ties, says Rajnath|work=IBN Live|date=16 June 2013|accessdate=5 May 2014}}
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11. ^Small parties, independents in great demand. Retrieved 15 July 2008.
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14. ^1 {{cite web|last=Dutta |first=Debjani |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/Rangasamy-in-NDA-Names-Ex-Speaker-as-LS-Candidate/2014/03/13/article2106172.ece |title=Rangasamy in NDA, Names Ex-Speaker as LS Candidate |work=The New Indian Express |date=13 March 2014 |accessdate=13 April 2014}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/BJP-Forms-State-Chapter-of-NDA-with-4-Parties/2014/03/16/article2111263.ece |title=BJP Forms State Chapter of NDA with 4 Parties |work=The New Indian Express |date=16 March 2014 |accessdate=13 April 2014}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140323/jsp/northeast/story_18107612.jsp |title=MPP to back BJP in Manipur LS polls |work=The Telegraph|location=Kolkota |date=23 March 2014 |accessdate=13 April 2014}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://m.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/apna-dal-allies-with-nda/article5826609.ece|title=Apna Dal allies with NDA|date=24 March 2014|work=The Hindu}}
18. ^{{cite news|title=Northeast parties stitch alliance with NDA|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-northeast-parties-stitch-alliance-with-nda-1973340|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|work=Daily News and Analysis|accessdate=30 March 2014|date=29 March 2014}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=Homilies apart, TN NDA Tally Zilch on Women Candidates |url=http://m.newindianexpress.com/tamil-nadu/287880 |work=The New Indian Express |accessdate=2 April 2014 |author=R Guhambika |date=2 April 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407141959/http://m.newindianexpress.com/tamil-nadu/287880 |archivedate=7 April 2014 }}
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21. ^{{cite web|title=Goa Vikas party pledges support for BJP in Lok Sabha election|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Goa-Vikas-party-pledges-support-for-BJP-in-Lok-Sabha-election/articleshow/32867136.cms|work=The Times of India|accessdate=11 April 2014|date=29 March 2014}}
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25. ^{{cite news|last1=Mukane|first1=Pratik|title=Maharashtra assembly polls: 36 of 58 candidates who defected to BJP failed to woo voters|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-maharashtra-assembly-polls-36-of-58-candidates-who-defected-to-bjp-failed-to-woo-voters-2028119|accessdate=23 August 2015|publisher=Daily News and Analysis|date=21 October 2014|location=Mumbai|quote=Three other candidates who lost the election include alliance partner and Shiv Sangram's leader Vinayak Mete}}
26. ^Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
27. ^Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly
28. ^Assam Legislative Assembly
29. ^Bihar Legislative Assembly
30. ^Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly
31. ^Goa Legislative Assembly
32. ^Gujarat Legislative Assembly
33. ^Haryana Legislative Assembly
34. ^Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly
35. ^Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly
36. ^Jharkhand Legislative Assembly
37. ^Karnataka Legislative Assembly
38. ^Kerala Legislature
39. ^Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
40. ^Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
41. ^Manipur Legislative Assembly
42. ^Meghalaya Legislative Assembly
43. ^Mizoram Legislative Assembly
44. ^Nagaland Legislative Assembly
45. ^Odisha Legislative Assembly
46. ^Punjab Legislative Assembly
47. ^Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
48. ^Sikkim Legislative Assembly
49. ^Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
50. ^Telangana Legislative Assembly
51. ^Tripura Legislative Assembly election, 2018
52. ^Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly
53. ^Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly
54. ^West Bengal Legislative Assembly
55. ^Delhi Legislative Assembly
56. ^Puducherry Legislative Assembly
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58. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-jdu-ljp-finalise-17176-seat-sharing-formula-for-bihar-lok-sabha-polls/articleshow/67215178.cms|title=BJP, JDU, LJP finalise 17:17:6 seat sharing formula for Bihar Lok Sabha polls|last=Chaturvedi|first=Rakesh Mohan|date=24 December 2018|work=The Economic Times|access-date=24 January 2019}}
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63. ^{{cite web|url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/election/vijayakanth-alliance-2019-aiadmk-dmdk-live-updates/|title=AIADMK – DMDK Alliance: அ.தி.மு.க கூட்டணியில் 4 தொகுதிகளில் களமிறங்கும் தே.மு.தி.க!|date=10 March 2019|website=indianexpress.com}}
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71. ^Bhushan Casts Doubts Over BJP Nilgiris Goof-up. The New Indian Express (13 April 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.
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74. ^{{cite news|title=Haryana Janhit Congress snaps ties with BJP |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/haryana-janhit-congress-snaps-ties-with-bjp-says-it-has-a-history-of-betraying-allies/article1-1257363.aspx|date=28 August 2014 |accessdate=6 September 2014}}
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77. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/regional-party-in-mizoram-maraland-democratic-front-to-merge-with-bjp/805816/lite/&ved=0ahUKEwjQ86mCzdPVAhXBso8KHSo8A18QFggsMAI&usg=AFQjCNHhvrUU |title=Regional party in Mizoram Maraland Democratic Front, to merge with BJP |publisher=The Financial Express |date=2017-08-12 |accessdate=2019-01-06}}
78. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/raju-shetti-leaves-nda/article19588901.ece|title=Raju Shetti leaves NDA|date=30 August 2017|work=The Hindu|location=New Delhi, India}}
79. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gorkha-janamukti-morcha-will-not-support-bjp-in-lok-sabha-polls-party-president-1972973 |title=Gorkha Janamukti Morcha Will Not Support BJP In Lok Sabha Polls: Party President Binay Tamang |publisher=Ndtv.com |date= |accessdate=2019-01-06}}
80. ^{{cite news| url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/NDA-names-Jaswant-Singh-as-its-vice-presidential-candidate/articleshow/14988576.cms| title= NDA names Jaswant Singh as its vice-presidential candidate| date= 16 July 2012}}
81. ^{{cite news| url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/modi-will-become-pm-says-vaiko/article5525782.ece?homepage=true | title= Modi will become PM, says Vaiko| date= 1 January 2014}}
82. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/allaboutnarendramodi/can-modi-help-win-bjp-new-allies-3-southern-parties-to-decide-soon/article1-1168371.aspx |title=Can Modi's magic help win BJP allies? Three southern parties to decide soon |work=Hindustan Times |date=1 January 2014 |accessdate=13 April 2014}}
83. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-01-07/news/45955465_1_aam-aadmi-party-aap-plans-opposition-alliance |title=Setback to AAP plans as Swabhimani Shetkari Sanghatana joins Sena-BJP led combine |work=The Economic Times |date=7 January 2014 |accessdate=13 April 2014}}
84. ^{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sss-joins-nda-threat-to-ncp/1216628/ |title=SSS joins NDA, threat to NCP |work=The Indian Express |date=8 January 2014 |accessdate=13 April 2014}}
85. ^{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ls-polls-bjp-joins-hands-with-upendra-kushwahas-rashtriya-lok-samata-party/453844-81.html |title=LS polls: BJP joins hands with Upendra Kushwaha's Rashtriya Lok Samata Party – IBNLive |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |date=23 February 2014 |accessdate=13 April 2014}}
86. ^{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/ram-vilas-paswans-ljp-joins-nda-gets-7-seats-in-bihar_914688.html |title=Ram Vilas Paswan's LJP returns lo to NDA, to contest from 7 seats in Bihar |publisher=Zeenews.india.com |accessdate=13 April 2014}}
87. ^{{cite news|title=LJP rejoins NDA, would contest 7 seats in Bihar in 2014 Elections|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/02/ljp-rejoins-nda-would-contest-7-seats-in-bihar-in-2014-elections/|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|accessdate=28 February 2014}}
88. ^{{cite web|last=Panwar |first=Preeti |url=http://news.oneindia.in/india/confirmed-dmdk-bjp-form-alliance-in-tamil-nadu-for-lok-sabha-polls-1402705.html |title=Confirmed: DMDK-BJP form alliance in Tamil Nadu for LS polls – News Oneindia |publisher=News.oneindia.in |date=26 February 2014 |accessdate=13 April 2014}}
89. ^{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/tdp-back-in-nda-ties-up-with-bjp-for-ls-andhra-pradesh-state-polls/ | title=TDP back to NDA| work=The New Indian Express |date=6 April 2014}}
90. ^{{cite web|url=http://thecitynews.in/shiv-sena-stay-nda-shiv-sena/|title=Shiv Sena to stay in NDA: Shiv Sena|work=THE CITY NEWS}}
91. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newsx.com/national/nation/item/28282-bjp-clinches-deal-with-ajsu-in-jharkhand/ |title=BJP clinches deal with AJSU in Jharkhand|deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104202917/http://www.newsx.com/national/nation/item/28282-bjp-clinches-deal-with-ajsu-in-jharkhand/ |archivedate=4 November 2014 }}
92. ^{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/mufti-to-head-25-member-cabinet-pm-to-attend-his-swearing-in-on-sunday/|title=JK govt formation: PM Modi to attend swearing in of PDP-BJP govt led by Mufti Sayeed|date=27 February 2015|work=The Indian Express}}
93. ^{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/BJP-forms-alliance-with-Bodoland-Peoples-Front-for-Assam-elections/articleshow/50617318.cms|title=BJP forms alliance with Bodoland Peoples’ Front for Assam elections|work=The Times of India}}
94. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bjp-teams-up-with-asom-gana-parishad-for-assam-polls-1283713|title=BJP Teams Up With Asom Gana Parishad For Assam Polls|author1=Alok Pandey |author2=Ketki Angre |author3=Sandeep Phukan |date=4 March 2016|work=NDTV.com}}
95. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-bjp-to-ride-the-dharma-jana-sena/article7521983.ece|title=Kerala BJP to ride the Dharma Jana Sena|author=Radhakrishnan Kuttoor|work=The Hindu}}
96. ^After Pema Khandu's suspension, Takam Pario to be new Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh, PPA Chairman says
97. ^Takam Pario likely to be Arunachal CM in 2017 after PPA suspendsKhandu
98. ^Takam Pario, the richest Arunachal MLA, may replace Pema Khandu as CM
99. ^Khandu wins musical chairs game for BJP
100. ^Shifting to BJP, Pema Khandu drops 3 ministers, 2 advisors, 5 parliamentary secretaries
101. ^MGP-Sena-GSM form grand alliance to contest Goa polls
102. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/goa-election-2017-governor-appoints-manohar-parrikar-cm-after-bjp-cobbles-up-coalition-of-smaller-parties-independents-defence-minister-modi-cabinet-reshuffle-3331716.html|title=Goa Election 2017: Manohar Parrikar resigns as defence minister, to be sworn-in as CM at 5 pm Tuesday|date=13 March 2017|publisher=}}
103. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/03/12/defence-minister-manohar-parrikar-likely-to-return-to-goa-as-chi/|title=Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar Likely To Return To Goa As Chief Minister|publisher=}}
104. ^{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/845203/with-bihar-in-their-pocket-narendra-modi-and-amit-shah-have-conquered-the-hindi-heartland|title=With Bihar in their pocket, Narendra Modi and Amit Shah have conquered the Hindi heartland}}
105. ^{{cite news |last1=Mathew |first1=Liz |last2=Janyala |first2=Sreenivas |title=TDP leaves NDA amid dissent within, Chandrababu Naidu says PM has no time for allies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/tdp-walks-out-of-nda-chandrababu-naidu-says-pm-modi-has-no-time-for-allies-seeking-rights-5100459/ |accessdate=16 December 2018 |agency=Indian Express |date=17 March 2018}}
106. ^{{cite news |title=Upendra Kushwaha leaves NDA, resigns as minister |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/upendra-kushwaha-leaves-nda-resigns-as-minister201812101521200001/ |accessdate=16 December 2018 |agency=Asian News International |date=10 December 2018}}
107. ^https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/what-is-behind-bjps-new-alliance-hunting-spree/articleshow/68397923.cms

External links

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4 : 1998 establishments in India|Coalition governments of India|Political parties established in 1998|Political party alliances in India
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