“National Democratic and Labour Party”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

National Democratic and Labour Party

释义

History
Election results
1918 UK general election By-elections, 1918-1922
Notes
References

{{About||the far right party|National Democratic Party (UK, 1966)|similarly named groups|National Democrats (disambiguation){{!}}National Democrats}}{{Refimprove|date=May 2009}}{{Infobox political party
|name = National Democratic and Labour Party
|colorcode = {{National Democratic and Labour Party/meta/color}}
|logo =
|leader = George Nicoll Barnes
|founded = 1918
|dissolved = 1922
|merger =
|predecessor = British Workers League
|split =
|merged = National Liberal Party
|headquarters =
|newspaper =
|student_wing =
|youth_wing =
|ideology = British nationalism
Right-wing socialism
|national =
|international =
|colours =
|state = United Kingdom
}}

The National Democratic and Labour Party, usually abbreviated to National Democratic Party (NDP), was a short-lived political party in the United Kingdom.

History

The party's origins lay in a split by the right wing of the British Socialist Party, primarily over issues raised by the First World War. In 1915, Victor Fisher formed the Socialist National Defence Committee^[1] along with Alexander M. Thompson and Robert Blatchford. They supported "the eternal idea of nationality" and aimed to promote "socialist measures in the war effort".^[2] The Committee was supported by John Hodge, George Henry Roberts, and for a time by Henry Hyndman who subsequently formed his own party, the National Socialist Party.

In 1916, this committee formed the British Workers League. It described itself as a "patriotic labour" group, and focused on support for the war and the British Empire and opposition to Little Englander and Cobdenite laissez-faire economics.^[3] The League was subsidised by Lord Milner,^[4] who consulted with Fisher during the war.^[5] The League was supported by Labour MPs such as James O'Grady, Stephen Walsh and William Abraham.^[6]

The League sought to challenge pacificist Parliamentary candidates; this caused a rupture with the Labour Party. Eleven out of thirty-eight of the Labour Parliamentary MPs showed support for the British Workers League; however, many later returned to the Labour Party.^[7]

The British Workers League reconstituted itself in 1918 as the National Democratic and Labour Party, with the support of George Barnes, MP for Glasgow Blackfriars and Hutchesontown, when he resigned from the Labour Party. The group gained the support of the Musicians' Union and parts of other unions, including some sections of the Miners' Federation of Great Britain. It was primarily funded by Lloyd George Coalition Liberals.

The party fielded twenty-eight candidates in the 1918 general election—twenty of them on the Coalition Coupon—and won ten seats,^[8]^[9] including Barnes in the Glasgow Gorbals constituency. Barnes was a member of the coalition government's cabinet until 1920.

Barnes retired from Parliament in 1922, and the group's remaining MPs joined the National Liberal Party. The party was wound up in 1923, but a grouping continued as the Empire Citizen League^[10] until the late 1920s. Victor Fisher stood, unsuccessfully, for the Conservative Party.^[11]

Election results

1918 UK general election

Constituency	Candidate	Votes	Percentage	Position^[12]
Aberdare	Charles\|Stanton}}	22,824	78.6	1
Accrington	William\|Hammond\|nolink=1}}	738	2.5	4
Birmingham Duddeston	Eldred\|Hallas}}	8,796	79.4	1
Bradford East	Charles Edgar\|Loseby}}	9,390	41.1	1
Broxtowe	H. H.\|Whaite\|nolink=1}}	4,374	21.6	3
Consett	Robert\|Gee}}	7,283	32.9	2
Derby	Harold M.\|Smith\|nolink=1}}	13,012	19.6	4
Don Valley	James\|Walton\|James Walton (MP for Don Valley)}}	6,095	46.2	1
Dumbarton Burghs	John\|Taylor\|John Taylor (Dumbarton)}}	11,734	52.6	1
East Ham South	Clement\|Edwards}}	7,972	42.8	1
Edinburgh East	Alexander E.\|Balfour\|nolink=1}}	5,136	37.8	2
Hamilton	David\|Gilmour\|David Gilmour (trade unionist)}}	4,297	25.9	3
Stoke-on-Trent Hanley	James Andrew\|Seddon}}	8,032	40.4	1
Houghton-le-Spring	John\|Lindsley\|nolink=1}}	6,185	30.7	3
Leicester West	Joseph Frederick\|Green}}	20,150	76.0	1
Mansfield	George William Symonds\|Jarrett}}	6,678	32.6	2
Nuneaton	William Henry\|Dyson\|nolink=1}}	1,101	4.5	4
Paisley	John\|Taylor\|nolink=1}}	7,201	32.5	3
Rochdale	John Joseph\|Terrett\|nolink=1}}	2,358	7.8	4
Rotherham	Edmund Smith\|Bardsley\|nolink=1}}	564	2.2	4
Rother Valley	Ernest George\|Bearcroft\|nolink=1}}	4,894	27.2	2
Stourbridge	Victor\|Fisher}}	6,690	28.8	3
Tottenham South	Albert Ernest\|Harvey\|nolink=1}}	1,916	12.3	3
Wallsend	Matthew Turnbull\|Simm}}	10,246	50.9	1
Wolverhampton East	James A.\|Shaw\|nolink=1}}	7,138	48.2	2
Walthamstow West	Charles\|Jesson}}	7,330	51.6	1

Some prominent members such as George Barnes were elected as Coalition Labour. Taylor ran as a joint NDP-Liberal candidate, and sat as a Coalition Liberal MP after election.

By-elections, 1918-1922

Election	Candidate	Votes	Percentage	Position^[12]
Chester-le-Street by-election, 1919	David\|Gilmour\|David Gilmour (trade unionist)}}	5,313	22.9	2
Louth by-election, 1920	Christopher Hatton\|Turnor}}	7,354	42.7	2

Turnour ran as a joint NDP-Conservative candidate.

Notes

1. ^Martin Crick, The History of the Social-Democratic Federation (Keele University Press, 1994) p. 271.
2. ^John Callaghan, Socialism in Britain (1990), p. 74.
3. ^Martin Pugh, Speak for Britain! A New History of the Labour Party (The Bodley Head, 2010), p. 115.
4. ^Peter Barberis, John McHugh, Mike Tyldesley entry on British Workers League Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2005), p. 274.
5. ^J. Lee Thompson, Forgotten Patriot: A Life of Alfred, Viscount Milner of St. James's and Cape Town (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press), p. 320.
6. ^Pugh, p. 115.
7. ^Pugh, p. 116.
8. ^Pugh, p. 116.
9. ^Barberis, McHugh and Tyldesley, p. 274.
10. ^Barberis, McHugh and Tyldesley, p. 274.
11. ^Crick, p. 304.
12. ^¹{{cite book|last1=Craig|first1=F. W. S.|title=Minor Parties in British By-elections, 1885-1974|date=1975|publisher=Macmillan Press|location=London|pages=53 – 54}}

References

David Butler and Gareth Butler, British Political Facts 7th Ed, 1900-1994

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