词条 | Vēl Pāri |
释义 |
Ascension and rulePāri is described as the master of the hill country of Parambu nādu and held sway over 300 prosperous villages.[2] Pari patronized various forms of art, literature and bards thronged his court.[3] Parambu nadu consisted of parts of modern-day Tamil Nadu and Kerala stretching from Piranmalai in Sivaganga district, Tamil Nadu to Nedungadi in Palakkad district, Kerala. His favorite was poet Kapilar who was his close friend and lifelong companion.[4] From Purananuru, song 107 by Kapilar: {{Cquote|Yet Pāri is not alone: there is also the rain to nourish this earth.[5] Pāri was noted in of the last Sangam era for his generosity and was popular as one among the Kadai Ezhu Vallalgal (last seven patrons). Pāri's fame is described in Sangam literature as "முல்லைக்கு தேர் கொடுத்தான் பாரி" (One who gave his chariot to a climber plant). He was so generous that he gave away his chariot to a climber plant when he saw that it was struggling to grow without a suitable support. Siege and deathThe three crowned Tamil kings Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas expanded their kingdoms ruthlessly and turned their attention towards independent Vēlir Kings thus turning them into subordinates or eliminating them and assimilated their kingdoms. They laid siege to the heavily fortified country of Parambu, but Vēl Pāri refused to give in and the war dragged for years. Kabilar approached the kings and asked them to turn back describing his patron Pari as an unconquerable warrior (excerpt from Purananuru: song 109): {{Cquote|After a long war, Vēl Pāri was killed by treachery.[7] Purananuru, song (112) of Pāri's daughters on his death: {{Cquote|Family and successionPāri had two daughters, Angavai and Sangavai. Kapilar become their guardian after Pari's death and the three of them left Parambu country. Kapilar unsuccessfully approach different Vēlir kings to find grooms. Kapilar later took his own life by vadakirrutal, one of the Tamil ways of committing suicide.[4] Later, poet Auvaiyar takes care of them and marries them off successfully to another king Malaiyamaan Kaari. LegacyPariyur ("place of Pāri") or Parapuri near Gobichettipalayam in Tamil Nadu is named after Pāri. After Pāri was defeated, the place was deserted towards the end of thirteenth century A.D. and people migrated to settle down in neighboring areas what became the modern day town of Gobichettipalayam. Pariyur has four temples dedicated to various Gods namely, Kondathu Kaliamman Temple, Amarapaneeswarar Temple, Adinarayana Perumal Temple and Angalamman Temple.[9]Pāri's daughters were married to the son of Kāri at Manam Poondi near Tirukkoyilur. Notes1. ^Topics in South Indian history: from early times up to 1565 A.D, page 53 2. ^Epigraphia Indica, Volume 25, page 91 3. ^Traditions of Indian classical dance, page 45 4. ^1 The Four Hundred Songs of War and Wisdom: An Anthology of Poems from Classical Tamil, the Purananuru 5. ^Poets of the Tamil Anthologies: Ancient Poems of Love and War, page 163 6. ^Poets of the Tamil Anthologies: Ancient Poems of Love and War, page 164 7. ^Great women of India, page 309 8. ^Poems of love and war: from the eight anthologies and the ten long poems of classical Tamil, page 145 9. ^{{citeweb|url=http://www.pariyurkondathukaliamman.tnhrce.in/|title=About Kondathu Kaliamman Temple|access-date=23 April 2016|work=Government of Tamil Nadu}} References
3 : Tamil monarchs|Indian philanthropists|Kadai ezhu vallal |
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