| 词条 | W-18 |
| 释义 |
| Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 477206908 | IUPAC_name = 4-chloro-N-[(2Z)-1-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]piperidin-2-ylidene]benzene-1-sulfonamide | image = Z-W-18.svg | width = | tradename = | pregnancy_AU = | pregnancy_US = | pregnancy_category = | legal_AU = | legal_CA = | legal_UK = | legal_US = | legal_status = Illegal in Sweden and Canada | routes_of_administration = | bioavailability = | protein_bound = | metabolism = | elimination_half-life = | excretion = | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}} | CAS_number = 93101-02-1 | ATC_prefix = | ATC_suffix = | PubChem = 57501076 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | DrugBank = | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 28537256 | C=19 | H=20 | Cl=1 | N=3 | O=4 | S=1 | molecular_weight = 421.8978 g/mol | smiles = C1CCN(/C(=N\\S(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)/C1)CCC3=CC=C(C=C3)[N+](=O)[O-] | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C19H20ClN3O4S/c20-16-6-10-18(11-7-16)28(26,27)21-19-3-1-2-13-22(19)14-12-15-4-8-17(9-5-15)23(24)25/h4-11H,1-3,12-14H2/b21-19- | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = BKRSVROQVRTSND-VZCXRCSSSA-N | synonyms = | melting_point = 157 | melting_high = 158 }} W-18 is a compound in a series of 32 substances (named W-1 to W-32) that were first synthesized in academic research on analgesic drug discovery in the 1980s and appeared as a designer drug in the 2010s. W-18 was invented at the University of Alberta by a lab working on analgesic drug discovery in the 1980s, and preliminary studies in animals showed it had pain-killing activity in mice.[1][2] The chemical was detected in connection with recreational drug use as substitute for other controlled substances in Europe in 2013,[3] and in the United States.[4] In Canada, Alberta Law Enforcement Response Teams (ALERT) seized four kilograms of W-18 in a drug bust in Edmonton in December 2015[4] and W-18 was also detected by Health Canada in at least three of 110 fentanyl tablets seized from a Calgary home in August 2015.[5][6] W-18 was commonly reported to be an opioid in the popular press in the 2010s, which was later revealed not to be correct.[7][8][9]W-18 was found to obtain weak activity at both sigma receptors and the translocator protein (peripheral benzodiazepine receptor).[9] It also inhibits hERG binding, an important antitarget in drug discovery, which possibly causes cardiovascular side-effects.[9]
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidkroll/2016/04/30/w-18-the-high-potency-research-chemical-making-news-what-it-is-and-what-it-isnt/#2b1ef5562354|title=W-18, The High-Potency Research Chemical Making News: What It Is And What It Isn't|date=30 April 2016|author=Kroll, David|publisher=Forbes}} {{Sigma receptor modulators}}{{DEFAULTSORT:W-18}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/street-drug-w-18-is-highly-lethal-and-still-legal-1.3546094|title=Street drug W-18 is highly lethal, and still legal|publisher=CBC News|date=21 April 2016|accessdate=20 April 2016|author=Warnica, Marion}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Gonçalves|first1=Jacqueline|title=Notice to interested parties — Proposal regarding the scheduling of W-18 under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act and its regulations|journal=Canada Gazette|date=13 February 2016|volume=150|issue=7|url=http://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2016/2016-02-13/html/notice-avis-eng.php#nl3|accessdate=19 February 2016|publisher=Government of Canada}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/illicit-drug-w-18-is-100-times-stronger-than-fentanyl-police-warn-1.3544662|title=Illicit drug W-18 is 100 times stronger than fentanyl, police warn|work=CBC News|date=20 April 2016|accessdate=20 April 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_ca/read/everything-we-know-so-far-about-w-18-the-drug-thats-100-times-more-powerful-than-fentanyl|title=Everything We Know So Far About W-18, the Drug That’s 100 Times More Powerful Than Fentanyl|publisher=Vice Media|work=Vice.com|date=1 February 2016|accessdate=20 April 2016|author=Elkin, Allison}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|author=Markusoff, Jason|title=A toxic drug, more powerful than fentanyl, hits the streets in Alberta|url=http://www.macleans.ca/?dpsfa_article=a-toxic-drug-more-powerful-than-fentanyl-hits-the-streets-in-alberta|website=macleans.ca|publisher=Maclean's|accessdate=19 February 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web | url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/health-canada-statements-on-w-18-misleading-potentially-wrong-experts-warn | title=Health Canada statements on W-18 misleading, potentially wrong, experts warn | publisher=Postmedia Network Inc. | work=Calgary Herald | date=1 June 2016 | accessdate=22 June 2016 | author=Southwick, Reid}} 8. ^{{cite web | url=https://news.vice.com/article/canadas-ban-on-ultra-potent-drug-w-18-could-make-things-worse | title=Canada's Ban on Ultra-Potent Drug W-18 Could Make Things Worse | publisher=Vice | date=2 June 2016 | author=Rachel Browne}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite journal|first1=Xi-Ping|last1=Huang|first2=Tao|last2=Che|first3=Thomas J.|last3=Mangano|first4=Valerie Le|last4=Rouzic|title=Fentanyl-related designer drugs W-18 and W-15 lack appreciable opioid activity in vitro and in vivo|url=https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/97222|journal=JCI Insight|date=16 November 2017|issn=0021-9738|volume=2|issue=22|doi=10.1172/jci.insight.97222|pmid=29202454|first5=Ying-Xian|last5=Pan|first6=Michael D.|last6=Cameron|first7=Michael H.|last7=Baumann|first8=Gavril W.|last8=Pasternak|first9=Bryan L.|last9=Roth}} 10. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/nyheter-och-press/nyhetsarkiv/2015/november/31-nya-amnen-kan-klassas-som-narkotika-eller-halsofarlig-vara/ | title=31 nya ämnen kan klassas som narkotika eller hälsofarlig vara | publisher=Folkhälsomyndigheten | language=Swedish | date=November 2015}} 11. ^{{cite journal | url=http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2016/2016-06-01/html/sor-dors106-eng.php | title=Regulations Amending the Food and Drug Regulations (Parts G and J — Lefetamine, AH-7921, MT-45 and W-18) | author=Denis Arsenault | journal=Canada Gazette | date=1 June 2016 | volume=150 | issue=11 | publisher=Government of Canada}} 6 : Chloroarenes|Nitrobenzenes|Piperidines|Sigma receptor ligands|Sulfonamides|TSPO ligands |
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