| 词条 | Waddell's triad |
| 释义 |
Waddell's triad is a pattern of injury seen in pedestrian children who are struck by motor vehicles.[1] The triad comprises:
The mechanism of injury is an initial impact causing injury to the femur on one side (bumper injury) and the torso on the same side (fender or hood), following which the child is thrown, striking the head on the ground or another object and sustaining injury to the opposite side of the head.[2] In countries where cars drive on the right, pedestrians tend to be struck on the left, causing left femur fractures, injuries to the left chest or spleen, and right sided head injuries.[3] Although this injury pattern may not be common,[4] it is used to emphasize the point that children involved in high energy impacts should not be assumed to have isolated injuries.[5] References1. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Waddell JP, Drucker WR |title=Occult injuries in pedestrian accidents |journal=J Trauma |volume=11 |issue=10 |pages=844–52 |date=October 1971 |pmid=5094757 |doi= 10.1097/00005373-197110000-00005|url= }} {{med-sign-stub}}{{orthopedics-stub}}2. ^Neil E. Green, Marc F. Swiontkowski. Skeletal Trauma in Children, page 57. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2008. {{ISBN|978-1-4160-4900-5}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=JEydZuZjHewC&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=waddell%27s+triad&source=bl&ots=z4WbvgqgvU&sig=a_3pMdpLI7fkL9e610S_FQTEShY&hl=en&ei=azXjSZOuE4bUjAeklaXUDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8#PPA57,M1 Google books] 3. ^Carol D. Berkowitz. Pediatrics, page 168. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2000. {{ISBN|978-0-7216-8183-2}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=fFmlfbWcrwAC&pg=PA168&lpg=PA168&dq=waddell%27s+triad&source=bl&ots=yvYFYzDiEy&sig=CSu9MYbIUolazfQ_ooq1unIAUZ4&hl=en&ei=xDnjSaj0HaSTjAfsr-TUDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Google books] 4. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Orsborn R, Haley K, Hammond S, Falcone RE |title=Pediatric pedestrian versus motor vehicle patterns of injury: debunking the myth |journal=Air Med. J. |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=107–10 |year=1999 |pmid=10557381 |doi= 10.1016/S1067-991X(99)90036-6|url= }} 5. ^Jill M. Baren, Steven G. Rothrock, Lance Brown. Pediatric Emergency Medicine, page 226. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2007. {{ISBN|978-1-4160-0087-7}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=wpvux6RS-jsC&pg=PA226&lpg=PA226&dq=waddell%27s+triad&source=bl&ots=x2P4Lk8Jjc&sig=m3v6WfVSdKfLMJdmUud9x9RpNiI&hl=en&ei=TDzjSb2INNfRjAeA24nVDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6 Google books] 2 : Injuries|Medical triads |
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