词条 | National Institute for Medical Research |
释义 |
|name = National Institute For Medical Research |logo = MRC National Institute for Medical Research logo.gif |image = File:NIMR building.JPG |caption = The main building of the National Institute for Medical Research |abbreviation = NIMR |formation = 1913 |status = Government agency |purpose = Biological research |location = The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom |region_served = United Kingdom |membership = 240 scientists |leader_title = Director |leader_name = Prof Jim Smith |main_organ = |parent_organization = Medical Research Council (MRC) |affiliations = BBSRC, WHO, NHS, Dstl |budget = |website = www.nimr.mrc.ac.uk }} The National Institute for Medical Research (commonly abbreviated to NIMR), was a medical research institute based in Mill Hill, on the outskirts of north London, England. It was funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC); In 2016, the NIMR became part of the new Francis Crick Institute, which was constructed next to St Pancras railway station in the Camden area of central London. HistoryFoundationThe Medical Research Council, founded in 1913, was immediately charged with establishing a central research institute in London. Later that year, premises at Hampstead were acquired and the National Institute for Medical Research was founded. However, the outbreak of World War I soon afterwards postponed occupation of the building, although senior staff were appointed and began work. By 1920 the Institute at Mount Vernon Hospital was fully operational and remained so for 30 years until the move to its current location at Mill Hill. The original Institute, under the directorship of Sir Henry Dale, had three divisions:
Dale oversaw a period of considerable success at NIMR, including the discovery of the human influenza virus in 1933 and the discovery of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, for which Dale himself received the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Moving to Mill HillIn the 1930s, the decision was made to move the Institute to new premises. An imposing copper-roofed building at Mill Hill was designed by Maxwell Ayrton, the architect of the original Wembley Stadium, and construction began in 1937. Occupation was delayed when war broke out in 1939 and the building was given to the Women's Royal Naval Service. The building was returned to the MRC in autumn 1949 but Dale had retired in 1942 and so was never director on the new site, that job falling to his successor Sir Charles Harington. The official opening ceremony took place on 5 May 1950, with King George VI and Queen Elizabeth present. Harington expanded the research programme into ten divisions during his 20-year tenure and guided researchers at the Institute to, amongst other achievements, the development of gas chromatography and the discovery of interferon. From 1950-55 Albert Neuberger was Head of Biochemistry at the Institute. In 1962, Nobel Prize winner Sir Peter Medawar became director and, consistent with his research interests, established NIMR as a major centre for immunological research. Following an illness, Medawar retired as director in 1971 to be replaced by Sir Arnold Burgen. Burgan had an interest in nuclear magnetic resonance techniques and formed the MRC Biomedical NMR Centre at the Institute in 1980. Sir Dai Rees became director in 1982 to be replaced by Sir John Skehel in 1987. Since then NIMR has continued to excel scientifically, reporting perhaps most famously the discovery of the sex determining gene SRY, in 1991. 2000 to presentIn 2003, as part of their Forward Investment Strategy, the MRC announced plans to consider moving NIMR from its current location to a university/medical school site, to enhance its ability "to translate its biomedical research into practical health outcomes." [1][2] University College London was selected as a preferred partner institution, and a nearby site in central London was acquired.[3]Some staff at the NIMR, including Robin Lovell-Badge and Skehel, expressed opposition to a move. In response to accusations of "coercion" during the review process, a House of Commons select committee investigation criticised both the MRC for losing the confidence of NIMR workers, and unnamed NIMR staff for "undermining [Colin] Blakemore's position as MRC chief executive." [4][5] In September 2006, Skehel retired as NIMR director [6] and Sir Keith Peters became acting director [7] until the future structure of the new institute could be finalised. In July of that year the MRC announced that Scott Fraser of the California Institute of Technology had been invited to take over the directorship. [8] According to Blakemore, negotiations were ongoing as of December 2006.[2] However, finally, in October 2008, Jim Smith of the Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge (who worked at the NIMR from 1984 to 2000), accepted the directorship, with effect from January 2009. On 1 April 2015, the NIMR became part of the new Francis Crick Institute[9] and ceased to exist as a separate MRC institute. The site at Mill Hill was fully vacated and closed for redevelopment during 2017. In 2018 they started to demolish the building to make way for new homes.[10] ActivitiesMill Hill EssaysA yearly collection of essays is produced by guest authors and staff at the Institute, under the title Mill Hill Essays.[11] They are written to be accessible and informative to the lay reader. Notable staff
In fictionThe rooms and other locations in the building were used in the film Batman Begins, for the Arkham Asylum scenes.[13] The location was also used in Episode 2, Series 2 of the Channel 4 comedy series, 'Toast of London' to double as a tax office with the character of Ray Purchase seen entering the building. See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mrc.ac.uk/AboutUs/OurStrategy/NIMRRenewal/index.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=21 December 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031173052/http://www.mrc.ac.uk/AboutUs/OurStrategy/NIMRRenewal/index.htm |publisher=Medical Research Council|archivedate=31 October 2006 |df= }} 2. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/cgi-bin/newhtml_hl?DB=semukparl&STEMMER=en&WORDS=blakemor%20nation%20institut%20medic%20research&ALL=blakemore%20national%20institute%20for%20medical%20research&ANY=&PHRASE=&CATEGORIES=&SIMPLE=&SPEAKER=&COLOUR=red&STYLE=s&ANCHOR=muscat_highlighter_first_match&URL=/pa/cm200607/cmselect/cmsctech/uc68-ii/uc6802.htm#muscat_highlighter_first_match |deadurl=yes}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.the-scientist.com/article/display/22600/ |title=Irish science funds flow again |publisher=The Scientist |first=Amanda |last=Haverty |date=19 November 2003 |accessdate=3 July 2018}} 4. ^http://www.the-scientist.com/news/20050208/01/ 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmsctech/6/608.htm|title=House of Commons - Science and Technology - Fourth Report|work=parliament.uk}} 6. ^http://www.nimr.mrc.ac.uk/news/2006/skehel_model/ 7. ^http://www.nimr.mrc.ac.uk/about/orgstructure/list/ 8. ^http://www.mrc.ac.uk/consumption/idcplg?IdcService=GET_FILE&dID=5869&dDocName=MRC002982&allowInterrupt=1 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.crick.ac.uk/news/press-releases/a-new-name-for-ukcmri|title=A new name for UKCMRI|date=25 May 2011|work=crick.ac.uk|publisher=The Francis Crick Institute|accessdate=3 November 2011}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=https://barnetsociety.org.uk/component/k2/demolition-eats-away-at-local-landmark |title=Demolition eats away at local landmark |publisher=The Barnet Society |first=Nick |last=Jones |date=9 April 2018 |accessdate=3 July 2018 }} 11. ^http://www.nimr.mrc.ac.uk/mill-hill-essays/ 12. ^{{cite news|first=Gina|last=Kolata|title=Jean Lindenmann, Who Made Interferon His Life’s Work, Is Dead at 90 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/23/us/jean-lindenmann-made-interferon-his-lifes-work-is-dead-at-90.html?_r=0 |work=New York Times |date=2015-01-22 |accessdate=2015-02-14}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.edgwaretimes.co.uk/display.var.606532.0.0.php?utag=8269|title=From leafy suburbs to silver screen|work=Times Series}} External links
7 : Medical Research Council|Medical research institutes in the United Kingdom|Mill Hill|National Influenza Centres|Research institutes established in 1913|Research institutes in London|1913 establishments in the United Kingdom |
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