| 词条 | Wakatake-class destroyer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The {{nihongo|Wakatake-class destroyers|若竹型駆逐艦|Wakatakegata kuchikukan}} were a class of eight 2nd-class destroyers of the Imperial Japanese Navy.[1] BackgroundThe medium-sized Wakatake-class destroyers were a follow-on to the {{sclass-|Momi|destroyer|4}} as part of the Imperial Japanese Navy's 8-6 Fleet Program from fiscal 1921 as a lower cost accompaniment to the larger {{sclass-|Minekaze|destroyer|2}}s. The class was originally planned to consist of twenty-three vessels, but due to the Washington Naval Treaty, as well as budgetary limitations, the final number was reduced to eight. The Wakatake class was the last class to be rated "second class" and all future destroyers were designed larger.[2] It was planned that the Wakatake-class ships should have names, but upon completion they were given numbers. This proved to be extremely unpopular with the crews and was a constant source of confusion in communications, so in 1928, names were assigned.[3] DesignThe Wakatake-class destroyers were essentially slightly modified Momi-class ships with 50 tons additional displacement and a deeper draft to improve handling characteristics in heavy seas, particularly against rolling. Weaponry layout (with the exception of added AA armaments), general arrangement and silhouette were all identical with the Momi class. As with the Momi class, a number of types of turbine engines were used for propulsion. Asagao was built with Parsons impulse turbines, Yūgao with Escher Wyss & Cie Zoelly turbines, and the remaining vessels with Brown-Curtis turbines. The armament for the Wakatake-class was identical to that of the Momi class. The main battery consisted of three – three Type 3 120 mm 45 caliber naval guns in single mounts, with two twin Type 6 torpedo launchers. Anti-aircraft protection was provided by two 7.7mm machine guns. After the start of the Pacific War, one of the Type 3 guns was replaced by two triple-mount Type 96 25-mm cannons, although some vessels had three twin-mounts and two single-mounts instead. The minesweeping gear was replaced by 36 to 48 depth charges with four launchers. Some of the vessels also were fitted with a Type 13 radar.[4] Operational historyThe small displacement of the Wakatake-class limited their utility as fleet escorts, and as with the Momi-class, they were mainly used in Chinese coastal waters, where their shallow draft made them suitable for operations in rivers and coastal waters.[4] On 15 September 1932, {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Sawarabi||2}} capsized due to poor stability and sank north of Keelung near Taiwan. In April 1940 {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Yūgao||2}} was re-rated as Patrol Boat No. 46, with considerably reduced armament and the removal of one boiler, which reduced her speed to only 18 knots.[4] The three of the remaining units (Wakatake, Kuretake, and Sanae) were assigned to Destroyer Division 13 under the Kure Naval District, and patrolled the Seto Inland Sea and the Bungo Strait on antisubmarine patrols. The other three to Destroyer Division 32 ( Asagao, Fuyō and Karukaya) under the Chinkai Guard District, which was assigned to patrol the Tsushima Strait screening maritime traffic in the Tsushima Straits. From 10 April 1942, the 1st Surface Escort Division of the Southwest Area Fleet was created, and Desdivs 13 and 32 were assigned to it to provide protection for convoys against Allied submarine activity. The convoy routes were initially those between Moji, Taiwan, and the Philippines. Later, these routes extended to Singapore, French Indochina, the Netherlands East Indies, and Palau. In the course of this service {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Karukaya||2}} set a record by successfully completing 54 convoy escorts before her loss. Of the six destroyers, four were lost to American submarines, and one to an air attack. Only {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Asagao||2}} survived the war and was finally broken up in 1948.[5] List of Ships{{clear}}
Naming historyThe IJN originally planned that the Wakatake-class ships should have names, but upon completion they were given numbers due to the projected large number of warships the IJN expected to build through the Eight-eight fleet plan. This proved to be extremely unpopular with the crews and was a constant source of confusion in communications. In August 1928, names were assigned, but not the original names that were planned.
ReferencesNotes1. ^Jentsura, Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945 2. ^Globalsecurity.org, IJN Wakatake class destroyers 3. ^Howarth, The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun 4. ^1 2 {{cite book |last1=Stille |first1=Mark |title=Imperial Japanese Navy Antisubmarine Escorts 1941–45 |date=2017 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978 1 4728 1817 1 |page=14-17}} 5. ^Nevitt, Combined Fleet.com Books
| last = Evans | first = David | year = 1979 | title = Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887–1941 | publisher = US Naval Institute Press | location = | isbn = 0-87021-192-7 }}
| last = Howarth | first = Stephen | year = 1983 | title = The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun: The Drama of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1895–1945 | publisher = Atheneum | location = | isbn = 0-689-11402-8 }}
| last = Jentsura | first = Hansgeorg | year = 1976 | title = Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945 | publisher = US Naval Institute Press | location = | isbn = 0-87021-893-X }}
Collection of writings by Sizuo Fukui Vol.5, Stories of Japanese Destroyers, Kōjinsha (Japan) 1993, {{ISBN|4-7698-0611-6}}
External links{{Commons category|Wakatake class destroyers}}
| last = Nishida | first = Hiroshi | url = http://homepage2.nifty.com/nishidah/e/stc0419.htm | title = Materials of IJN: Minekaze class destroyer | work = Imperial Japanese Navy }}
| last = Globalsecurity.org | first = | url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/japan/wakatake-dd.htm | title = IJN Wakatake class destroyers | work = }}
| last = Nevitt | first = Allyn D | url = http://www.combinedfleet.com/alsoserv.htm | title = They Also Served: The Second-Class Destroyers | work = Combined Fleet.com }}
3 : Destroyer classes|Wakatake-class destroyers|World War II destroyers of Japan |
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