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Walter Churchill

释义

Early life
Royal Air Force
Honours and awards
References
Bibliography
External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}{{Infobox military person
|name= Walter Myers Churchill
|image= Walter Churchill portrait by Cuthbert Orde.jpg
|image_size=
|alt=
|caption= Portrait of Squadron Leader Walter Churchill DSO DFC by Cuthbert Orde
|nickname=
|birth_date= {{birth date|1907|11|24|df=yes}}
|birth_place= Amsterdam, Netherlands
|death_date= {{death date and age|1942|08|27|1907|11|24|df=yes}}
|death_place= Sicily, Italy
|placeofburial= Syracuse War Cemetery, Sicily
|allegiance= United Kingdom
|branch= Royal Air Force
|serviceyears= 1932–1942
|rank= Group Captain
|servicenumber= 90241
|unit=
|commands= RAF Valley (1942)
No. 71 Squadron (1940–41)
No. 605 Squadron (1940)
No. 3 Squadron (1940)
|battles= Second World War

Battle of Britain
Siege of Malta

|awards= Distinguished Service Order
Distinguished Flying Cross
|relations=
|laterwork=
}}

Group Captain Walter Myers Churchill, {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|DSO|DFC}} (24 November 1907 – 27 August 1942) was a Royal Air Force pilot and flying ace during the Second World War.

Churchill was the elder brother of Peter Churchill and Oliver Churchill, both of whom were Special Operations Executive officers during the Second World War.

Early life

Churchill was born in Amsterdam, Netherlands, on 24 November 1907 to William Algernon Churchill, a British diplomat, and singer Violet Churchill (née Myers). William served as a British consul in Mozambique and Pará in Brazil prior to Walter's birth, and in Amsterdam, Stockholm, Milan, Palermo, and Algiers in Walter's youth. William was also an art connoisseur, and author of what is still the standard reference work on early European paper and papermaking, Watermarks in Paper.^[1]

Churchill was named after his uncle Walter Myers, an eminent physician and bacteriologist who died in 1901 aged 28. He was educated at Sedbergh School,^[2] and in 1926 read Modern Languages at Kings College, Cambridge. He then became an aeronautical engineer with Armstrong Siddeley Motors, Coventry, after which he started an aviation precision engineering company, Churchill Components (Coventry) Ltd, in 1937, which supplied machined parts such as exhaust valves for radial aero-engines to Armstrong Siddeley. After being blitzed out of Coventry in 1941, the company re-located to Market Bosworth.^[3] The company worked for Sir Frank Whittle, the jet-engine pioneer, and it machined compressor blades for the gas-turbine engines in the early 1940s.^[3]

Royal Air Force

Churchill was commissioned as a pilot officer in the Auxiliary Air Force on 11 January 1932 and appointed to No. 605 (County of Warwick) Squadron. He was promoted to flight lieutenant in June 1937 and transferred from the AAF to the Auxiliary Air Force Reserve of Officers in January 1939. He was recalled to No. 605 Squadron and full-time service in August 1939, and commanded the squadron from June to September 1940, when he was succeeded by Archie McKellar. Churchill later served with No. 3 Squadron and No. 71 (Eagle) Squadron and took part in the Battle of Britain as a squadron leader.^[4]^[5] He was then promoted to wing commander, then group captain.

During his tenure as Squadron Commander with 71 (Eagle) at RAF Debden, he instructed his pilots to land the outdated Brewster Buffaloes with their tail wheels unlocked, causing damage to the aircraft after which Hurricanes were issued to the squadron.^[6]

Churchill was an 'ace' pilot credited with seven "kills", and was awarded a Distinguished Service Order and a Distinguished Flying Cross.^[8]

He also evaluated various makes of fighter aircraft for the RAF and played a key role in getting Spitfire aircraft to the defence of Malta.^[7] In August 1942, he was stationed in Malta as a group captain. On 27 August, Churchill was killed in action while leading a raid in a Spitfire on Biscari airfield near Gela in southern Sicily. He was buried at the Syracuse War Cemetery.^[8]

{{Quotation|Extract of letter from Air Vice Marshal Keith Park, Air Officer Commanding, RAF Mediterranean to his widow:

Dear Mrs Churchill,

I am writing because I feel that it may be some comfort to you in your great loss to know that your husband met his end leading a fighter formation in a most successful attack on the enemy. Although Walter Churchill has passed on, his fine example and inspired leadership will live on in Malta to the end of the war. He arrived in Malta leading a formation of reinforcing Spitfires to protect the last vitally important convoy. During his all too short stay in Malta Walter Churchill was an inspiration to the fighter squadron in the air and on the ground.

If it was ordained that Walter Churchill was to give his life for his country I feel sure he would have chosen to end it as he did, leading a fighter formation on a daring and most successful fighter sweep over enemy territory.}}

The company continued under the management of his wife, Joyce, and subsequently that of his second son, James. The company is now known as J. J. Churchill Ltd. and is managed by James's son, Andrew.^[9]

Honours and awards

31 May 1940: Flight Lieutenant Walter Myers Churchill is awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross:

{{Quotation|This officer has shot down three enemy aircraft since his arrival in France and has led many patrols with courage and skill.|London Gazette^[10]}}

31 May 1940: Flight Lieutenant Walter Myers Churchill DFC (90241) is appointed a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order:

{{Quotation|This officer assumed command of a squadron shortly after its arrival in France and led it with marked success, inspiring his pilots and maintenance crews magnificently. He undertook the tactical instruction of new pilots, led many patrols successfully and organised his ground defences and crews in an exemplary manner. While under his command the squadron destroyed 62 enemy aircraft and he was throughout the main-spring of the offensive spirit, their excellent tactics and their adequate maintenance results. Only four pilots of the squadron were lost. Flight Lieutenant Churchill has recently destroyed four enemy aircraft, bringing his total to seven.|London Gazette^[10]}}

References

1. ^Watermarks in Paper
2. ^"Deaths." Times [London, England] 3 Aug. 1943: 6. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 3 Apr. 2013.
3. ^¹About JJ Churchill
4. ^71 Squadron
5. ^Battle of Britain Memorial
6. ^[Http://www.americanairmuseum.com/person/240293 Imperial War Museum ]
7. ^Eagle Squadron
8. ^Commonwealth War Graves Commission listing
9. ^Management of J J Churchill Ltd.
10. ^¹²{{London Gazette|issue=34860 |date=31 May 1940 |page=3252 |supp=y }}

Bibliography

Cull, Brian. Spitfires over Malta – The Epic Air Battles of 1942. London: Grub Street, 2005. {{ISBN|1-904943-30-6}}.

External links

Battle of Britain Fighter Command Order of Battle
RAF Station Commanders
The Battle of Britain London Monument

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