“National personification”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

A national personification is an anthropomorphism of a nation or its people. It may appear in editorial cartoons and propaganda.

Some early personifications in the Western world tended to be national manifestations of the majestic wisdom and war goddess Minerva/Athena, and often took the Latin name of the ancient Roman province. Examples of this type include Britannia, Germania, Hibernia, Helvetia and Polonia. Examples of personifications of the Goddess of Liberty include Marianne, the Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World), and many examples of United States coinage. Another ancient model was Roma, a female deity who personified the city of Rome and more broadly, the Roman state, and who was revived in the 20th Century as the personification of Mussolini's "New Roman Empire". Examples of representations of the everyman or citizenry in addition to the nation itself are Deutscher Michel, John Bull and Uncle Sam.^[1]

Personifications by country or territory

Country

Image

Personification

Animal used for the same purpose

Albania}}

Mother Albania (Nëna Shqipëria)

Argentina}}

Effigy of the Republic/Liberty/Progress/Fatherland, Gaucho, Martín Fierro

Armenia}}

Mother Armenia (Mayr Hayastan; lit. "Mother Hayastan")

Australia}}

Little Boy from Manly

Boxing kangaroo

Austria}}

Austria

Bangladesh}}

Bangamata (lit. Mother Bengal);Joy Bangla ({{lang-bn|জয় বাংলা}}; meaning "Victory to Bengal") was the slogan and war cry of the Mukti Bahini that fought for the independence of Bangladesh during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.^[2]

Bengal tiger.^[3]

Belgium}}

La Belgique or Belgica. The country is also commonly represented by a lion, historically known as Leo Belgicus.

Brazil}}

Efígie da República; the Bandeirante (only in São Paulo State); the Candango (in Brasília); the Gaúcho (in Rio Grande do Sul)

Bulgaria}}

Mother Bulgaria

Cambodia}}

Preah Thong and Neang Neak

Canada}}

Talk page section|date=June 2017}}, Johnny Canuck, Le Vieux de '37 (French Canada), Adam Dollard des Ormeaux (used during the two World Wars as a military example), Mother Canada (at the Canadian National Vimy Memorial)

Chile}}

El Roto, El Huaso, La Carmela, Doña Juanita (an average Chilean woman from the countryside), Moya (a common surname used as N.N.)

China}} and {{flag|Taiwan}}

Jade Emperor, Mao Zedong (in Mainland China), Sun Yat-sen (in Taiwan)

Chinese dragon

Czech Republic}}

Čechie, Czech Vašek, Svejk.

double-tailed Czech lion

Denmark}}

Holger Danske, Mor Danmark

Dominican Republic}}

Conchoprimo

Egypt}}

Mother of the World (Om El Donia)

El Salvador}}

Monumento al Divino Salvador del Mundo

Europe}}

Europa or Europa regina

Finland}}

Finnish Maiden (Suomi-neito)

France}}

Marianne, Jean Crapaud, Gallic rooster

Georgia}}

Georgia: Saint George, "Mother of a Georgian" (Kartvlis Deda)

Germany}}

Germany: Germania, Arminius (Hermann der Cherusker), Deutscher Michel

Bavaria: Bavaria, Berlin: Berolina, Brunswick: Brunonia, Franconia: Franconia, Hamburg: Hammonia, Prussia: Borussia, Palatinate: Palatia, Saxony: Saxonia

Greece}}

Hellas

Haiti}}

Ezili Dantor, Katrin (based on the real life Haitian hero, Catherine Flon)

Hungary}}

The Lady of Hungaria

Iceland}}

The Lady of the Mountains (Fjallkonan)

India}}

Bharat Mata ("Mother India")

Indian tigerIndian elephant

Indonesia}}

Ibu Pertiwi

Garuda Pancasila

Iran}}

Cyrus the Great

Lion and Sun

Ireland}}

Ériu, Banba, Fódla, Kathleen Ni Houlihan, Hibernia, Scotia,^[4] Granuaile, The Old Woman of Beare^[5], Grace O'Malley^[6]^[7]

Israel}}

Srulik

Italy}}

Italia Turrita

Japan}}

Amaterasu, Emperor Jimmu, Emperor Meiji

Green Pheasant, Koi

Jordan}}

Abu Mahjoob

Kenya}}

Wanjiku

Unification flag of Korea.svg}} Korea ({{flag|North Korea}} and {{flag|South Korea}})

Dangun, Ungnyeo, Yangban, Chollima, Kim Il-Sung (North Korea only)

Korean Tiger

Kyrgyzstan}}

Manas

Lebanon}}

Abu Abed

Macedonia}}

Mother Macedonia^[8]^[9]

Malaysia}}

Hang Tuah

Malayan tiger

Malta}}

Melita

Mexico}}

Alegoría de la Patria Mexicana (es), Our Lady of Guadalupe, La China Poblana

Morocco}}

Barbary Lion

Montenegro}}

Fairy of Lovćen, Mother Montenegro

Netherlands}}

Dutch Maiden

Dutch Republic Lion

New Zealand}}

Zealandia, southern man (for the South Island)

Kiwi

Norway}}

Mother Norway|no|3=Mor Norge}}, stereotyp. Ola Nordmann & Kari Nordmann, hist. Nór

Palestine}}

Handala

Peru}}

The chalán, La Madre Patria

Philippines}}

Ináng Bayan, Filipinas

Poland}}

Polonia, Polandball (online)

Portugal}}

Zé Povinho, Eu nacional (National Self), Republic effigy, Guardian Angel of Portugal

Romania}}

România

Russia}}

Mother Russia/Mother Motherland

Russian bear

Serbia}}

Mother Serbia, Kosovo Maiden

Singapore}}

Merlion

Slovakia}}

Jánošík

Slovenia}}

Kranjski Janez ("John from Carniola", an average man from Slovenia's central region), Peter Klepec

Spain}}

Hispania

Sri Lanka}}

Sri Lanka Matha

Suriname}}

Mama Sranan (Mother Suriname), a 1965 sculpture by Jozeph Klas in the center of Paramaribo, of a mother figure holding five children representing Suriname's ethnic groups in her arms.^[10]

Sweden}}

Mother Svea, Svenne Svensson

Switzerland}}

Helvetia

Thailand}}

Phra Siam Devadhiraj (พระสยามเทวาธิราช "The guardian angel of Siam"), Thailand

Asiatic elephant

Ukraine}}

Cossack Mamay

United Kingdom}}

Britannia (United Kingdom), John Bull (England), Dame Wales (Wales)

The Lion and the Unicorn (England and Scotland), Welsh dragon (Wales)

United States}}

Uncle Sam (government personification), Statue of Liberty as Lady Liberty, Columbia, Johnny Rebel (The South, obsolete), Billy Yank (The North, obsolete), Brother Jonathan (New England, obsolete)

Bald Eagle

Uruguay}}

Personification of Uruguay

Vietnam}}

The Four Immortals

See also

References

1. ^Eric Hobsbawm, "Mass-Producing Traditions: Europe, 1870-1914," in Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger, eds., The Invention of Tradition (Cambridge, 1983), 263-307.
2. ^{{cite book |title=Bangladesh: Past and Present |last=Ahmed |first=Salahuddin |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2004 |publisher=APH Publishing |location= |isbn=8176484695 |page=310 |pages= |accessdate=July 11, 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Szfqq7ruqWgC}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://visitbangladesh.gov.bd/about-bangladesh/national-symbol/|title=NATIONAL SYMBOLS|work=Bangladesh Tourism Board|publisher=Ministry of Civil Aviation & Tourism|location=Bangladesh}}
4. ^O'Clery, M. (2003) Annals of Ireland by the Four Masters as translated into English
5. ^O'Rourke Murphy, M. & MacKillop, J. (2006). [https://books.google.ie/books?id=a6hwGqMiJa0C&pg=PA507&lpg=PA507&dq=the+old+woman+of+beare+personification+ireland&source=bl&ots=5OtcQ6cXKk&sig=e3ZA4MrjrXycjetYAU1cHISbjE4&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0CDMQ6AEwBWoVChMI5KyNlsrjxgIVC1kUCh1DxgKK#v=onepage&q=the%20old%20woman%20of%20beare%20personification%20ireland&f=false An Irish Literature Reader: Poetry, Prose, Drama].
6. ^{{cite book |first=James |last=Hardiman |author-link= James Hardiman |title=Irish Minstrelsy; or Bardic Remains of Ireland, Volume 2 |year=1831 |page=140 |url=https://archive.org/details/irishminstrelsy00hardgoog}}

Her name has been frequently used by our Bards, to designate Ireland. Hence our Countrymen have been often called “Sons of old Grana Weal.”

7. ^{{cite web|title=Granuaile|url=http://www.folklorist.org/song/Granuaile|accessdate=31 May 2011}}
8. ^{{cite journal|title=A Manifesto from the Provisional Government of Macedonia|year=1881|quote=Our mother Macedonia became now as a widow, lonely and deserted by her sons. She does not fly the banner of the victorious Macedonian army}}
9. ^Bulgarian graphic representation of Bulgaria, East Rumelia and Macedonia
10. ^http://www.parbode.com/opinie/item/2629-kunstschatten-mama-sranan

Personifications by country or territory

See also

References

Further reading

External links