| 词条 | Waltham Abbey SSSI |
| 释义 |
|image=Royal Gunpowder Mills, Waltham Abbey - geograph.org.uk - 1366239.jpg |image_caption= Water-wheeled gunpowder press located on the site |name= Waltham Abbey SSSI |aos= Essex |interest= Biological |gridref={{gbmappingsmall|TL376020}} |area= 84.5 (ac) 34.2 (ha) |notifydate=1986 |map=Magic map }}Waltham Abbey SSSI is a 34.2 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest which is located within the Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Mills at Waltham Abbey in Essex.[1][2] HistoryFor 300 years the area was cut off from its surroundings by river boundaries and the highly secret nature of its work. The site was finally closed in 1991. Decontamination work was carried out between 1992-96 and the site opened to the public in 2001.[3] LocationThe woodland site lies to the north of the present day Gunpowder Mills and is bounded by the River Lee Flood Relief Channel to the north and west while the Cornmill Stream forms its eastern boundary. DescriptionThe site is alder woodland on damp soils, with other trees including sycamore, ash and crack willow. The trees were planted around 1700 to provide charcoal for the manufacture of gunpowder, and planting ceased at the time of the First World War. The wood has the largest heronry in Essex, which was present in 1974 and had 26 pairs in 1984. Other birds include tawny owls, tree sparrows, reed warblers, sedge warblers and blackcaps.[1] AccessAccess is from Beaulieu Drive and there is a charge for entry.[4] Public transportRail
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004291.pdf |title=Waltham Abbey citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|accessdate= 8 August 2016}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=sssiIndex&query=HYPERLINK%3D%271004291%27 |title=Map of Waltham Abbey|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|accessdate= 8 August 2016}} 3. ^Chronology of the Gun Powder Mills Retrieved 15 September 2009 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831230315/http://www.royalgunpowdermills.com/wargm_chronology.htm |date=31 August 2009 }} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.royalgunpowdermills.com/plan-your-visit/|title=Plan Your Visit|publisher=Royal Gunpowder Mills|accessdate= 8 August 2016}} External links
5 : Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Essex|Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1986|Nature reserves in Essex|Lee Valley Park|Waltham Abbey |
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