| 词条 | Wanton–Lyman–Hazard House | ||
| 释义 |
| nrhp_type = nhl | image = Wanton-Lyman-Hazard House, Newport, RI edit1.jpg | caption = Front elevation and side profile of house, 2008 | location= 17 Broadway, Newport, Rhode Island | coordinates = {{coord|41|29|27|N|71|18|48|W|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = Rhode Island#USA | area = | built = ca. 1697 | architect= Stephen Mumford | architecture= Colonial, Georgian, other | designated_nrhp_type= October 9, 1960[1] | added = October 15, 1966[2] | governing_body = Newport Historical Society | refnum=66000016 | nrhp_type2 = nhldcp | nocat = yes | designated_nrhp_type2 = November 24, 1968 | partof = Newport Historic District | partof_refnum = 68000001[3] }} The Wanton–Lyman–Hazard House is the oldest surviving house in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. Built ca. 1697, it is also one of the oldest surviving houses in the state.[4] It is located at the corner of Broadway and Stone Street, in the downtown section of the city in the Newport Historic District. The house "was damaged by Stamp Act riots in 1765 when occupied by a Tory Stampmaster."[1] The house has passed through several owners since its construction, and has been renovated and improved by some of them. The three for whom it is named were not the first, but they were members of a family, related by marriage that owned it for over a century, from shortly before the Revolution to 1911. Since the 1920s it has been owned by the Newport Historical Society (NHS), which renovated it and converted it to a historic house museum. In 1960 it was among the first National Historic Landmarks designated by the Department of the Interior. BuildingToday the house is a five-bay wooden clapboard structure with a high peaked roof that slopes down in the rear and plaster cornice. It is painted a historic shade of dark red, except for a white door and entryway with pilasters and a small pediment. HistoryStephen Mumford, a Sabbatarian and merchant, built the house in the late 17th century as a simple two-story structure with one room on either side of a central chimney. His son sold it to Richard Ward, a lawyer and governor of Rhode Island, in the early 18th century. Sometime before 1725, a lean-to-styled kitchen was built on the north side of the house. Martin Howard, Jr., a lawyer and Loyalist (Tory) owned the house afterwards. He decorated the house with molding and paneling inside. He fled in 1766 following the Stamp Act Riots, during which he was hanged in effigy as a reaction to his coauthorship of a pamphlet criticizing the opponents of the Act for their disrespect to the Crown and Parliament. The house was slightly damaged by an angry mob.[4] A Quaker merchant, John Wanton, bought the house at auction later that year. In 1782 his son-in-law Daniel Lyman, a Revolutionary major, inherited it. Three years later he added the rear wing to accommodate his growing family. From him it passed to Benjamin Hazard, who had married another of Wanton's daughters in 1807.[4] The Hazard family sold the property in 1911, after Mary Hazard, Benjamin's last surviving daughter, died. The building then fell into disrepair and remained vacant. In 1927, the Newport Historical Society purchased it and renovated it with the help of colonial architectural renovationist and historian, Norman Isham. He and the Society chose to renovate it in a combination of several of the period styles it had passed through. That resulted in removing the rear wing and restoring the upstairs bedroom to its original appearance.[4] The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960.[1][5] In 1995, a Preliminary Historic Structure Report was done, allowing the historical society to get grants for another renovation and stabilization. The four-year project was finished in 2001. During that time, the NHS had also agreed to work with the Newport Garden Club to restore the original grounds and plantings. Archeological research conducted on the property for that project has led to some newer revelations about the house. Among them was an interior and exterior paint analysis, which has led to the house's paint scheme being adjusted.[4] See also{{commons category|Wanton-Lyman-Hazard House}}
GalleryReferences1. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=18&ResourceType=Building|title=Wanton–Lyman–Hazard House |accessdate=2008-04-22|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service}} 2. ^{{NRISref|2007a}} 3. ^{{NRISref|2007a}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=NHS/The Wanton–Lyman–Hazard House|url=http://www.newporthistorical.org/sites_wlhh.htm|publisher=Newport Historical Society|accessdate=2008-04-23 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080206200458/http://www.newporthistorical.org/sites_wlhh.htm |archivedate = 2008-02-06}} 5. ^Patricia Heintzelman and Charles E. Shedd, Jr. (January 10, 1975) {{NHLS url|id=66000016|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Wanton–Lyman–Hazard}}, National Park Service and {{NHLS url|id=66000016|title=Accompanying seven photos, exterior and interior, from 1974|photos=y}} External links
13 : Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island|National Historic Landmarks in Rhode Island|Georgian architecture in Rhode Island|Houses completed in 1697|Archaeological sites in Rhode Island|Museums in Newport, Rhode Island|Historical society museums in Rhode Island|Historic house museums in Rhode Island|Houses in Newport County, Rhode Island|Historic American Buildings Survey in Rhode Island|National Register of Historic Places in Newport, Rhode Island|Historic district contributing properties in Rhode Island|1697 establishments in Rhode Island |
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