“WebChat Broadcasting System”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

WBS featured browser-based chat, real-time discussion, with moderated chat rooms in addition to user-created private chat rooms. Common to webchat, its chat rooms required no software download to use.^[3] It allowed users to upload their own images into chat sessions and had three chat modes: streaming, frames, and no frames.^[3]^[5] In addition to images users could add audio, video, and hotlinks to conversations. WBS also featured other services, such as email, and allowed users to create and maintain personal web pages. Membership was free.^[3]

History

Founding

WBS was founded as the Internet Roundtable Society in 1990 by Michael J. Fremont and Wendie Bernstein Lash in Menlo Park, California.^[4] It began as an "edutainment" company featuring such content as live Internet broadcasts of interviews with prominent individuals in science, technology, and pop culture, but began focusing on chat in 1993, whereupon the name was changed to the WebChat Broadcasting System.^[5]

Growth

In February 1997, WBS reached a milestone of 1 million registered users, accruing 4,000 new registered users and 5.5 million page views every day.^[6] Registrations were not confirmed. At this point, it was featuring 200 individual affinity groups. Within a week of the launch of a new feature to allow members to create their own home pages, over 15,000 members had begun using it.^[6]

In May 1997 WBS had 1.4 million registered users. The other large web chat company at this time was WebGenesis Inc.'s The Globe. Also internet service provider AOL had over 14,000 chat rooms available to their customers through their non-web interface.^[7]

In June 1997 WBS hit 1.5 million registered users and had 7 million daily page views with over 200 rooms.^[8]

WBS frequently hosted real-time multimedia programming events, which only increased as its popularity grew. Such events attracted celebrities such as Tom Clancy, the celebrity cast of Star Trek, bands Soundgarden and Metallica, the former president of PBS, Lawrence Grossman from NBC News, United States Senator Arlen Specter, Intel CEO Andy Grove and feminist Gloria Steinem.^[6]^[9]

Rise of instant messaging

Web-based chatting in general became less popular as instant messaging systems were developed in the late 1990s. ICQ was first released in November 1996. AOL Instant Messenger was released in May 1997. Yahoo! Pager (later renamed Yahoo! Messenger) launched on March 9, 1998. AOL acquired ICQ's parent company Mirabilis on June 8, 1998.

Infoseek buyout and demise

Infoseek bought out WBS for approximately $6.7 million, or about 350,000 shares of Infoseek stock in April 1998. At the time WBS had 2.7 million users.^[10]

When Infoseek acquired WBS there had been several web portals that added chat as a service. Lycos had bought the Tripod community in February 1998 and Yahoo had added a deal with GeoCities in January 1998. There was strong competition between the web portals to match each other's services. WBS, at the time of the Infoseek acquisition, had 2.7 million registered users. This total was more than the membership of Tripod and GeoCities combined. WBS had only 350,000 personal homepages at the time. Infoseek's three main competitors at the time were Lycos, Yahoo, and Excite.^[12]

In 1998, Infoseek was bought by the Go Network. On September 15, 1999, WBS was shut down and many of the more popular rooms were transferred to Go's Java-based chat system. All that was left for the members at that time was a simple message saying, "Go.Com has decided to close down WBS and move its most popular rooms to the chat rooms at Go.Com. Your home pages will still be viewable for an undetermined amount of time. Thank you for supporting WBS during its existence." By the Spring of 2000, all home pages had been deleted. Go.com abandoned chat entirely in 2001.

Migration

After its demise, many patrons of WBS migrated to other chat sites where some of the general topic rooms were recreated.

One notable site was bigbob.com, which was created by former WBS chatters, utilizing a similar browser-based chat system.

It is likely that many WBS users moved to instant messaging software, the popularity of which was increasing substantially at that time.

Martin Foster developed software that offered several of the features of the original WBS and IFC that had gained popularity. This code has been used in developing numerous chat sites which have attracted many former patrons of the original WBS, especially those who frequented the roleplaying rooms. It was originally developed to power Ethereal Realms, but the site now merely hosts the software for use on other sites.

Audience

WBS offered a wide array of chat rooms categorized into hubs. Many rooms were dedicated to affinity groups based on age, race/ethnicity, religion, and sexuality. Others were specific to topics such as dating, entertainment, computers and the internet, travel, video games, roleplaying games, and the arts. The site would eventually host around 260 different chat rooms.

Executives

President and CEO Bayard Winthrop was a frequent spokesperson for the company.^[13] After its buyout, he subsequently went on to become CEO of Freeboard, a San Francisco-based sporting goods manufacturer.

2009 revival

In July 2009, a revival of WBS, nearly identical to the original community, was launched. Most of the original chat rooms and features have been retained or recreated. The most noticeable difference is the lack of personal homepages and the chat rooms are not moderated.

See also

References

1. ^{{cite book | last = French | first = Deanie | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Internet Based Learning: An Introduction and Framework for Higher Education | publisher = Stylus Publishing, LLC. | year = 1999 | location = | page = 214 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=sYNWtoec0O8C | doi = | id = | isbn = 9781579220075}}
2. ^WebChat Broadcasting System (Beta) - WBS.NET. Retrieved on 2013-09-25.
3. ^{{cite book | last = McConnell | first = David | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Implementing Computer Supported Cooperative Learning | publisher = Routledge | year = 2000 | location = | pages = 59, 60 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=t22GwVs_jEwC | doi = | id = | isbn = 9780749431358}}
4. ^"[https://web.archive.org/web/19971210161302/http://wbs.net/wbs/press/press.html Corporate Backgrounder]." WebChat Broadcasting System. December 10, 1997. Retrieved on May 6, 2009.
5. ^¹²{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Yahoo adds voice to chat | work = CNET News | publisher = | date = January 7, 2009 | url = http://news.cnet.com/Yahoo-adds-voice-to-chat/2100-1023_3-259979.html | doi = | accessdate = August 19, 2009}}
6. ^¹²{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619111447/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1997_Feb_3/ai_19082095/|title=WebChat Broadcasting System hits 1 million registered users Business Wire - FindArticles|date=2006-06-19|access-date=2018-11-28}}
7. ^{{cite web | last = Hof | first = Robert | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Breaking out of the yak pack | work = Business Week | publisher = McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. | date = May 5, 1997 | url = http://www.businessweek.com/1997/18/b35257.htm | doi = | accessdate = August 19, 2009}}
8. ^¹²{{cite web | last = Fernandes | first = Lorna | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Techweek - WebChat serves 1.5 million | work = Silicon Valley/San Jose Business Journal | publisher = | date = June 20, 1997 | url = http://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/stories/1997/06/23/newscolumn2.html | doi = | accessdate = August 19, 2009}}
9. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Internet Users Flock to WebChat Broadcasting System; Site Now the Largest Chatting Hub on the World Wide Web | work = Business Wire | publisher = | date = November 20, 1995 | url = http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1995_Nov_20/ai_17769738 | doi = | accessdate = August 17, 2009}}
10. ^{{cite news | last = | first = | coauthors = | title = Infoseek to Buy WebChat Broadcasting | work = LA Times | place = | pages = | publisher = | date = April 15, 1998 | url = http://articles.latimes.com/1998/apr/15/business/fi-39335 | accessdate = August 14, 2009}}
11. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Infoseek Pares Its Losses | work = Wired.com | publisher = | date = April 23, 1998 | url = https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/1998/04/11889 | doi = | accessdate = August 19, 2009}}
12. ^{{cite web | last = Nickell | first = Joe | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Web Portals Play Leapfrog | work = Wired.com | publisher = | date = April 17, 1998 | url = https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/1998/04/11744 | doi = | accessdate = August 19, 2009}}
13. ^Internet Communities article from BusinessWeek with a quote from Winthrop

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