“Naval Criminal Investigative Service”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The United States Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS) is the primary law enforcement agency of the U.S. Department of the Navy. Its primary function is to investigate criminal activities involving the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps, though its broad mandate includes national security, counterintelligence, counter-terrorism, cyber warfare, and the protection of U.S. naval assets worldwide. NCIS is the successor organization to the former Naval Investigative Service (NIS), which was established by the Office of Naval Intelligence after the Second World War.

The vast majority of NCIS personnel are civilian, with half being special agents. NCIS agents are armed federal law enforcement investigators, who frequently coordinate with other U.S. government agencies and have a presence in over 40 countries and on U.S. Navy vessels. NCIS special agents are supported by analysts and other experts skilled in disciplines such as forensics, surveillance, surveillance countermeasures, computer investigations, physical security, and polygraph examinations.

History

Origins

NCIS traces its roots to Navy Department General Order 292 of 1882, signed by William H. Hunt, Secretary of the Navy, which established the Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI). Initially, ONI was tasked with collecting information on the characteristics and weaponry of foreign vessels, charting foreign passages, rivers, or other bodies of water, and touring overseas fortifications, industrial plants, and shipyards.

In anticipation of the United States' entry into World War I, ONI's responsibilities expanded to include espionage, sabotage, and all manner of information on the U.S. Navy's potential adversaries. In World War II ONI became responsible for the investigation of sabotage, espionage and subversive activities that posed any kind of threat to the Navy.

NIS and the Cold War

The major buildup of civilian special agents began with the Korean War in 1950, and continued through the Cold War years. In 1966 the name Naval Investigative Service (NIS) was adopted to distinguish the organization from the rest of ONI, and in 1969 NIS special agents were reclassified from contract employees and became Excepted Civil Service.

In the early 1970s, an NIS special agent was stationed on {{USS|Intrepid|CV-11|6}} for six months. This marked the beginning of the "Deployment Afloat" program, now called the Special Agent Afloat program, which deploys special agents for year-long assignments aboard carrier battle groups and amphibious readiness groups. In 1972, background investigations were transferred from NIS to the newly formed Defense Investigative Service (DIS), allowing NIS to give more attention to criminal investigations and counter-intelligence. The 1970s also saw NIS' first female agent, who was stationed at Naval Air Station Miramar, California in 1975.

In 1982, NIS assumed responsibility for managing the U.S. Navy's Law Enforcement and Physical Security Program and the U.S. Navy's Information and Personnel Security Program. Additionally, in 1982, two classes of NIS Special Agents were trained at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) in Glynco, Georgia, in an assessment of the school's capability to train military investigators. Prior to this and subsequently until 1984, NIS Special Agent Training was in ONI Headquarters in Suitland, Maryland. In 1984, NIS Special Agents began training at FLETC, along with other federal investigative agencies, except for the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the United States Postal Inspection Service.

Two months after the October 1983 bombing of the Marine Barracks in Beirut, the agency opened the Navy Antiterrorist Alert Center (ATAC), a 24-hour-a-day operational intelligence center that issued indications and warnings on terrorist activity to Navy and Marine Corps commands. ATAC was the facility at which Jonathan Pollard was working when he committed the acts of espionage for which he was convicted in 1987. In 2002 the ATAC became the Multiple Threat Alert Center (MTAC).

In 1985, Cathal L. Flynn became the first admiral to lead NIS. The command took on the additional responsibility of Information and Personnel Security. In 1986, the Department of the Navy Central Adjudication Facility (DoN CAF) was established and placed under the agency, as the agency was now once again responsible for adjudicating security clearances (although not the actual investigations). DoN CAF renders approximately 200,000 eligibility determinations annually for the Department of the Navy.

In 1991, NIS was responsible for investigating the Tailhook scandal, which involved allegations of sexual misconduct and harassment by Naval and Marine Corps officers in Las Vegas, Nevada. Subsequent to this investigation, and at the direction of the chairman of the US Senate Armed Services Committee, Senator Sam Nunn, the Naval Investigative Service was restructured into the Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS). The restructuring occurred as a result of perceived lapses in proper investigative technique over the Tailhook scandal, as well as chain of command issues and a lack of civilian oversight in previous investigations. At the time, Senator Nunn stated, "The Navy's whole investigative technique should be under serious question." As a result of the investigation into the Tailhook scandal, the Pentagon's inspector general was sharply critical of NIS leadership, stating that there was a top-down culture showing a lack of cooperation with other authorities in the Navy.^[4] By 1992, Acting Secretary of the Navy, Sean O'Keefe, recommended the word "Criminal" be included in NIS's name in order to make clear their investigative function. Ultimately, NIS commander, Rear Adm. Duvall Williams Jr., was forced to retire and NIS was reorganized as NCIS under civilian leadership.^[5]

Recent history

In 1992, the NCIS mission was again clarified and became a mostly civilian agency. Roy D. Nedrow, a former United States Secret Service (USSS) executive, was appointed as the first civilian director and the name changed from Naval Investigative Service to Naval Criminal Investigative Service. Nedrow oversaw the restructuring of NCIS into a Federal law enforcement agency with 14 field offices controlling field operations in 140 locations worldwide. In 1995, NCIS introduced the Cold Case Homicide Unit, the first dedicated federal-level cold case homicide unit. The unit has resolved 61 cases since 1995.^[6]

In May 1997, David L. Brant was appointed Director of NCIS by Secretary of the Navy John Howard Dalton. Director Brant retired in December 2005. He was succeeded by Director Thomas A. Betro who was appointed Director of NCIS in January 2006, by Secretary of the Navy Donald C. Winter. Betro retired in September 2009. On September 13, 2009, Deputy Director of Operations Gregory A. Scovel was appointed Acting Director by Under Secretary of the Navy Robert Work. He served concurrently as Deputy Director for Operations until the new Director was selected.

In 1999, NCIS and the Marine Corps Criminal Investigation Division (USMC CID) signed a memorandum of understanding calling for the integration of Marine Corps CID into NCIS. (USMC CID continues to exist to investigate misdemeanors and felonies and other criminal offenses not under NCIS investigative jurisdiction.)^[7]

In 2000, Congress granted NCIS civilian special agents authority to execute warrants and make arrests. Virtually all NCIS investigators, criminal, counterintelligence, and force protection personnel are now sworn civilian personnel with powers of arrest and warrant service. The exceptions are a small number of reserve military elements engaged in counter-intelligence support.

A growing appreciation of the changing threat facing the Department of the Navy in the 21st century, culminating with the terrorist bombing of the {{USS|Cole|DDG-67}} in Yemen and the attacks on September 11, 2001, led NCIS to transform the Anti-terrorist Alert Center into the Multiple Threat Alert Center (MTAC) in 2002.

NCIS agents were the first U.S. law enforcement personnel on the scene at the USS Cole bombing, the Limburg bombing and the terrorist attack in Mombasa, Kenya.

NCIS has conducted fraud investigations resulting in over half a billion dollars in recoveries and restitution to the U.S. government and the U.S. Navy since 1997. NCIS investigates any death occurring on a Navy vessel or Navy or Marine Corps aircraft or installation (except when the cause of death is medically attributable to disease or natural causes). NCIS oversees the Master-at-Arms programs for the Navy, overseeing 8800 Masters-at-Arms and the Military Working Dog program. NCIS's three strategic priorities are to prevent terrorism, protect secrets, and reduce crime.

Current missions for NCIS include criminal investigations, force protection, cross-border drug enforcement, anti-terrorism, counter-terrorism, major procurement fraud, computer crime and counter-intelligence.

NCIS Special Agent Peter Garza conducted the first court-ordered Internet wiretap in the United States.^[8]

On February 14, 2010, Mark D. Clookie became the fourth civilian Director of NCIS, having been appointed to the position by Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus.^[10]

In June 2010, NCIS undertook a major reorganization which created a single Deputy Director position, having previously had two (Deputy Director of Operations and Deputy Director of Management and Administration), combination of the Combating Terrorism Directorate and the Counterintelligence Directorate into a single directorate (the National Security Directorate), and the creation of the Global Operations Directorate. The Global Operations Directorate was created to direct field elements in multiple functional areas that had previously been directed from NCIS Headquarters.^[11]

In December 2012, the FBI released redacted documents regarding operations against Occupy Wall Street. In one FBI report, the NCIS is quoted as looking into links between Occupy and "organized labor actions" in December 2011.^[12]

On October 7, 2013, Andrew L. Traver became the fifth civilian Director of NCIS, having been appointed to the position by Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus.^[3] Traver leads an agency that is composed of some 2,500 civilian and military personnel and has a presence in over 150 locations worldwide. He is responsible for executing an annual operating budget of approximately $460 million.

In 2014, in the aftermath of the Washington Navy Yard shooting, NCIS formed the Regional Enforcement Action Capabilities Training (REACT) team. REACT teams are designed to support investigations and "high-risk" enforcement operations within the United States, including high-risk operations that involve the service of arrest and search warrants, undercover agent and source protection/rescue, undercover operations, high-risk surveillance, and high-risk protective assignments.^[13]

Organization

Rank structure

‡: The senior executive staff of NCIS is composed of sworn special agents as well as civilian personnel. Special agents and civilian employees who reach the rank of Executive Assistant Director are appointed to the Senior Executive Service (SES) or the Defense Intelligence Senior Level (DISL), respectively.

Badges and credentials

Organizational structure

The Naval Criminal Investigative Service is headed by the Director of NCIS. The Director directs the activities of NCIS and exercises leadership through a strategic vision and exercises his/her direction through the Deputy Director. The Deputy Director, who is the NCIS Chief Operations Officer, is responsible for the day-to-day oversight and management of NCIS and its operational and administrative directorates. The Principal Executive Assistant Director (for Management and Administration) is the NCIS Chief Management Officer, responsible for the day-to-day oversight and management of all business operations of NCIS.

The NCIS is organized into functional directorates, field directorates, administrative directorates, and the Office of the Director. An Executive Assistant Director manages each directorate with the exception of some administrative directorates, which are managed by an Assistant Director. An Assistant Director is also assigned to the National Security Directorate and the Criminal Operations Directorate to act as the Chief Operations Officer, responsible for the day-to-day oversight and management of the directorate.

Functional and administrative directorates are divided into programmatic departments, each headed by a Deputy Assistant Director. The various programmatic departments are further divided into divisions, led by Division Chiefs. Division Chiefs are ranked analogous to Special Agents in Charge, although some Division Chiefs may also be civilian employees, especially in the administrative directorates.

Functional directorates are responsible for outlining the goals and objectives of NCIS relating to their functional area, called the Program Direction Document. The Executive Assistant Directors of functional directorates exercise direction and supervision of their Program Direction Document through the three field directorates. They also advise the Deputy Director on the three field directorate Executive Assistant Directors' performance in meeting the outlined goals and objectives.

The NCIS currently has two types of field directorates, geographical and functional. The geographic field directorates are the Atlantic Operations Directorate and the Pacific Operations Directorate. The functional field directorate is the Global Operations Directorate.

The geographic field directorates are divided into field offices, each headed by a Special Agent in Charge (SAC). The SAC is responsible for all operational, investigative, and administrative activities within their geographical area of responsibility. They exercise leadership of geographic implementation of NCIS' goals and objectives through the direction and supervision of Assistant Special Agents in Charge and Supervisory Special Agents. Depending on the field office, the SAC is assisted by one or multiple Assistant Special Agents in Charge (ASAC's). In field offices with only one ASAC, the ASAC is the Chief Operations Officer of the field office, responsible for the day-to-day oversight and management of its activities. In field offices with multiple ASAC's, the ASAC's serve as the heads of specific functions within the field office (e.g. ASAC of Criminal Investigations). The field office headquarters also has specialized teams, headed by Supervisory Special Agents, ready to support the field office's subordinate units by dispatching experienced Special Agents and/or civilian investigators to assist in investigations if a prolonged investigation is required or the investigative resources required exceeds the subordinate unit's capabilities. Usually the senior-most Special Agent of the field team is designated as the Senior Field Agent who may have some operational and/or administrative responsibilities.

The geographic field offices are divided into NCIS Resident Agencies (NCISRA's) and NCIS Resident Units (NCISRU's). NCISRA's are headed by Supervisory Special Agents (designated as Resident Agents in Charge) who supervise all sworn Special Agents and civilian personnel assigned to the NCISRA. Depending on the size or location of the NCISRA, the Resident Agent in Charge may also supervise other Supervisory Special Agents who serve as team leaders, responsible for a specific investigative/operational function within the NCISRA (e.g. SSA of Counter-Terrorism). Some NCISRA's are further divided into NCISRU's, which are small units consisting of only one or two Special Agents (designated as Resident Agents) who report directly to the Resident Agent in Charge of the "parent NCISRA." In NCISRU's which are staffed by multiple Special Agents, the senior-most Special Agent is designated as the Senior Resident Agent and may have some operational and/or administrative responsibilities.^[11] NCIS Special Agent Afloat duty posts are also classified as NCISRU's (e.g. NCISRU USS George H.W. Bush). NCISRU's afloat are under the functional supervision of the field office responsible for the vessel's homeport but receive operational support from the field office responsible for the area where the ship is sailing in.

The functional field directorate, the Global Operations Directorate, is divided into field offices, operational offices, and divisions. The subordinate elements are headed by Special Agents in Charge or Division Chiefs. Division Chiefs are ranked analogous to Special Agents in Charge, although some Division Chiefs may also be civilian employees. They are responsible for all operational, investigative, and administrative activities within their functional area of responsibility. They exercise leadership of functional implementation of NCIS' goals and objectives through the direction and supervision of Assistant Special Agents in Charge (ASAC's) and supervisory personnel. There is usually always multiple ASAC's assigned to the functional field offices, as they serve as the heads of geographic areas within the field office (e.g. ASAC of Atlantic Operations).^[11]

The functional and field directorates report to the Deputy Director while the administrative directorates report to the Principal Executive Assistant Director (who then reports to the Deputy Director).

Headquarters

Office of the Director

The Office of the Director serves as the central administrative arm of the Director. The Office of the Director encompasses the Director, Deputy Director, Principal Executive Assistant Director, and the Director's Staff.

The Office of the Director is headed by the Chief of Staff who is accountable to the Director, via the daily supervision of the Deputy Director, for the effective operation and administration of the Office of the Director.^[15]

Behavioral Science Group

The Behavioral Science Group (BSG) supports the NCIS headquarters and field offices on a worldwide basis by deploying licensed psychologists with specialized training and experience in law enforcement psychology and national security. They are responsible for providing consultations to operations, investigations, and related projects and matters.

The BSG consultations provide insight into relevant behavior; optimizing criminal, counterintelligence, and counter-terrorism investigations and operations; and complimenting other resources such as analytical and technical expertise.^[16]

Office of Military Support

The Office of Military Support (OMS) is comprised of active duty and reserve US Navy officers and enlisted personnel. They perform in a variety of mission support areas in NCIS offices throughout the world, including protective service operations, supply and logistics, communications, administrative duties, intelligence, and security.^[17]

Functional directorates

Field directorates

Global Operations Directorate

The Global Operations Directorate is responsible for field elements which execute worldwide investigations and operations associated with espionage, counterintelligence, protective service operations, contingency response and high risk deployments, technical surveillance countermeasures, polygraph services, technical services, and forensic services.^[21]^[22] Nearly all subordinate elements of the Global Operations Directorate are headquartered at Joint Base Anacostia–Bolling in Washington, D.C., although they maintain multiple operational detachments all over the world in support of geographical field offices. The only exception to this is the Contingency Response Field Office, which is headquartered at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers, Glynco, Georgia.

Atlantic Operations Directorate

The Atlantic Operations Directorate oversees all investigations and operations of NCIS field offices and numerous subordinate elements located throughout the Eastern United States, Europe, Africa, South America, the Middle East, and aboard carrier and expeditionary strike groups based on the East Coast.^[23]

Pacific Operations Directorate

The Pacific Operations Directorate oversees all investigations and operations of NCIS field offices and numerous subordinate elements located throughout the Western United States, Asia, Australia, and aboard aircraft carrier and expeditionary strike groups based on the west coast and throughout the Indo-Pacific region.^[24]

Administrative directorates

Specialized programs

Special Agents Afloat

The Special Agent Afloat Program of NCIS sends NCIS Special Agents aboard U.S. aircraft carriers and other ships (for example, hospital ships and amphibious assault ships).^[27]

The purpose of the program is to provide professional investigative, counterintelligence, and force protection support to deployed Navy and Marine Corps commanders. These special agents are assigned to aircraft carriers and other deployed major combatants. Their environment can best be described as a "floating city." The assignment offers many of the same investigative challenges found by any criminal investigator working in a metropolitan city. A special agent assigned to a carrier must be skilled in general criminal investigations including: crime scene examination, expert interview techniques, and use of proactive law enforcement procedures to stop criminal activity before it occurs. The special agent afloat also provides guidance on foreign counterintelligence matters, including terrorism. It is also the mission of the special agent afloat to offer Navy and Marine Corps leadership advice and operational support on security issues which might threaten the safety of ships, personnel and resources.

The Special Agent Afloat (SAA) program was initiated in Europe during March 1967. In April 1971, a special agent was assigned to a deployed carrier for a period of six months with the designation of SAA. By 1978, SAA personnel were assigned to each operational aircraft carrier in the U. S. Navy for a one year assignment. In 1986, a trial began where two Special Agents Afloat were assigned to aircraft carriers in an effort to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of having two agents assigned full time while deployed, one focusing on law enforcement/criminal investigations and one on foreign counterintelligence. The trial was discontinued when no longer considered viable.^[11]

Protective Operations

The Naval Criminal Investigative Service is the only entity within the Department of the Navy authorized to conduct protection of Department of Defense/Department of the Navy (DOD/DON) High Risk Billets (HRB). The mission of the NCIS Protective Operations Field Office (POFO) is to prevent terrorist and/or criminal attacks on principals under NCIS executive protection coverage and execute the necessary and appropriate response to a threat and/or attack on a principal. POFO will also initiate investigations on individuals and groups who meet a specific threshold when a threat is detected or needs to be validated.

NCIS provides and manages full-time protection details on key Department of the Navy personnel, including:

To supplement POFO's operational mission, it maintains an internal Protective Intelligence Unit (PIU) to identify potential threats that could affect a principal, understand a principal's level of vulnerability to any given threat, and use available intelligence to mitigate threats and/or risk to a principal. The Protective Intelligence Unit works extensively with the U.S. Secret Service, Pentagon Force Protection Agency, U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command, U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations, and the U.S. Marshals Service.^[28]

Multiple Threat Alert Center

The Multiple Threat Alert Center (MTAC) utilizes NCIS' worldwide presence and combination of law enforcement, counterintelligence, intelligence and security capabilities to identify a wide range of threats to Navy and Marine Corps personnel and assets around the world. The MTAC is a unique platform in that it merges intelligence from other agencies with information from NCIS source networks and law enforcement activities worldwide to provide the most relevant operational support to Navy and Marine Corps commanders.^[29]

Armaments

The current standard issue pistol of NCIS is the SIG Sauer P229R DAK or SIG Sauer P239 DAK in .40 S&W.^[30] The previous standard issue pistol was the SIG Sauer M11 (P228) in 9×19mm. Agents may also qualify with a weapon from an approved list of manufacturers in 9mm or 40 S&W.

In popular culture

See also

Military criminal investigative organizations

Federal law enforcement

JAG Corps

Intelligence

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sapns2.com/files/white-paper/NCIS%20-%20Better%20Solutions%20Help%20Fight%20Crime.pdf| title=NCIS budget |accessdate=27 April 2016}}
2. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ncis.navy.mil/Pages/Locations.aspx | title=NCIS Headquarters | work=Naval Criminal Investigative Service | publisher=(ncis.navy.mil) | accessdate=December 15, 2018 }}
3. ^¹²³{{citation|url=http://www.ncis.navy.mil/Pages/Leadership.aspx |title=Leadership |publisher=NCIS}}
4. ^{{Cite news|first=Art |last=Pine |title=Naval Investigative Service to Be Revamped: The agency has come under attack since the bungled inquiry into the Tailhook sex abuse scandal.|date=September 26, 1992|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1992-09-26/news/mn-895_1_naval-investigative-service | work=Los Angeles Times | location=Washington}}
5. ^{{Cite news|first=Eric |last=Schmitt |title=Senior Navy Officers Suppressed Sex Investigation, Pentagon Says.|date=September 25, 1992|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/25/us/senior-navy-officers-suppressed-sex-investigation-pentagon-says.html | work=New York Times | location=Washington}}
6. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ncis.navy.mil/Pages/ColdCase.aspx | title=NCIS Cold Case Homicide Unit | work=Naval Criminal Investigative Service | publisher=(ncis.navy.mil) | accessdate=December 15, 2018 }}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.29palms.marines.mil/Staff/G7-Mission-Assurance/Provost-Marshal/CID/ |title=CID page at 29 Palms Provost Marshal's Office |publisher=29palms.marines.mil}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=19603&seqNum=3 |title=Joy Riders: Mischief That Leads to Mayhem |accessdate=2009-11-01 |first=Richard |last=Power |authorlink= |date=October 30, 2000 |work=InformIT |publisher=Pearson Education |quote="I called the U.S. Attorney’s office in Boston on a Thursday and asked if we could have the court order in place by Monday," Garza recounts. "They laughed. Six months was considered the 'speed of light' for wiretap approval. But we started to put the affidavit together anyway, and got it okayed in only six weeks, which at that time was unheard of." Indeed, the work of Garza and the others to obtain a wiretap in the 1995 Ardita case laid a lot of the groundwork that made it possible for investigators in the 1999 Solar Sunrise case (which I describe later in this chapter) to obtain wiretap approval in one day.}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/venona/dece_pollard.html |title=NOVA Online | Secrets, Lies, and Atomic Spies | Jonathan Jay Pollard |publisher=Pbs.org |date=1985-11-18 |accessdate=2013-07-17}}
10. ^{{cite web | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217184348/http://www.ncis.navy.mil/AboutNCIS/Leadership/Director/Pages/default.aspx | title=4th Director Mark Clookie | work=Naval Criminal Investigative Service | publisher=(ncis.navy.mil) | accessdate=February 17, 2013 }}
11. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite web | url=http://www.ncis.navy.mil/Documents/Reading%20Room/NCIS%20Manual%201%20redacted.pdf | title=NCIS Manual | work=Naval Criminal Investigative Service | publisher=(ncis.navy.mil) | accessdate=December 15, 2018 }}
12. ^Partnership for Civil Justice Fund: "FBI Documents Reveal Secret Nationwide Occupy Monitoring", page 32 of documents
13. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ncis.navy.mil/Pages/REACT.aspx | title=NCIS REACT Team | work=Naval Criminal Investigative Service | publisher=(ncis.navy.mil) | accessdate=December 15, 2018 }}
14. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ncis.navy.mil/Pages/Locations.aspx | title=NCIS Field Offices | work=Naval Criminal Investigative Service | publisher=(ncis.navy.mil) | accessdate=December 15, 2018 }}
15. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ncis.navy.mil/Documents/Reading%20Room/NCIS%20Manual%201%20redacted.pdf | title=NCIS Office of the Director | work=Naval Criminal Investigative Service | publisher=(ncis.navy.mil) | accessdate=December 15, 2018 }}
16. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ncis.navy.mil/Pages/BSG.aspx | title=Behavioral Science Group | work=Naval Criminal Investigative Service | publisher=(ncis.navy.mil) | accessdate=March 16, 2019 }}
17. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ncis.navy.mil/Pages/OMS.aspx | title=Office of Military Support | work=Naval Criminal Investigative Service | publisher=(ncis.navy.mil) | accessdate=March 16, 2019 }}
18. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.secnav.navy.mil/donhr/About/Senior-Executives/Biographies/Lanigan,%20D.pdf | title=EAD-IISD Lanigan | work=Naval Criminal Investigative Service / Department of the Navy | publisher=(secnav.navy.mil) | accessdate=January 13, 2019 }}
19. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.secnav.navy.mil/donhr/About/Senior-Executives/Biographies/Russ,%20M.pdf | title=EAD-NSD Russ | work=Naval Criminal Investigative Service / Department of the Navy | publisher=(secnav.navy.mil) | accessdate=January 13, 2019 }}
20. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.secnav.navy.mil/donhr/About/Senior-Executives/Biographies/Hogan,%20J.pdf | title=EAD-COD Hogan | work=Naval Criminal Investigative Service / Department of the Navy | publisher=(secnav.navy.mil) | accessdate=January 13, 2019 }}
21. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.secnav.navy.mil/donhr/About/Senior-Executives/Biographies/Bush,%20R.pdf | title=EAD-GLOBAL Bush | work=Naval Criminal Investigative Service / Department of the Navy | publisher=(secnav.navy.mil) | accessdate=January 13, 2019 }}
22. ^{{cite web | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312104325/http://www.ncis.navy.mil:80/AboutNCIS/Leadership/Pages/ExecutiveAssistantDirector-GlobalOperations.aspx | title=NCIS Global Operations | work=Naval Criminal Investigative Service | publisher=(ncis.navy.mil) | accessdate=March 12, 2018 }}
23. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.secnav.navy.mil/donhr/About/Senior-Executives/Biographies/Snowdon,%20A.pdf | title=EAD-LANT Snowdon | work=Naval Criminal Investigative Service / Department of the Navy | publisher=(secnav.navy.mil) | accessdate=January 13, 2019 }}
24. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.secnav.navy.mil/donhr/About/Senior-Executives/Biographies/Freeman,%20J.pdf | title=EAD-PAC Freeman | work=Naval Criminal Investigative Service / Department of the Navy | publisher=(secnav.navy.mil) | accessdate=January 13, 2019 }}
25. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.secnav.navy.mil/donhr/About/Senior-Executives/Biographies/Sliwa,%20B.pdf | title=EAD-PSD Sliwa | work=Naval Criminal Investigative Service / Department of the Navy | publisher=(secnav.navy.mil) | accessdate=January 13, 2019 }}
26. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.secnav.navy.mil/donhr/About/Senior-Executives/Biographies/Baldwin,%20C.pdf | title=DD Baldwin | work=Naval Criminal Investigative Service / Department of the Navy | publisher=(secnav.navy.mil) | accessdate=January 13, 2019 }}
27. ^{{cite web |title=NCIS Special Agent Afloat Program |url=http://www.ncis.navy.mil/mission/terrorism/counterterr.asp}}
28. ^{{cite web | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210034739/http://www.ncis.navy.mil:80/AboutNCIS/Locations/Washington/Pages/POFO.aspx | title=NCIS POFO | work=Naval Criminal Investigative Service | publisher=(ncis.navy.mil) | accessdate=January 13, 2019}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ncis.navy.mil/mission/mtac.asp |title=Multiple Threat Alert Center (MTAC) |accessdate=24 March 2012 |publisher=Naval Criminal Investigative Service |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715192132/http://www.ncis.navy.mil/mission/mtac.asp |archivedate=15 July 2010 }}
30. ^Sig Sauer press release. Retrieved February 10, 2011.
31. ^Inside the Real NCIS - National Geographic Channel