1. History

2. Geography
     Municipalities  

3. Environment
     Flora and fauna  

4. Education

5. Demographics
    Indigenous groups 

6. Economy

7. See also

8. References

9. Further reading

10. External links

Nayarit ({{IPA-es|naʝaˈɾit|Nayarit1.ogg}}), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Nayarit ({{lang-es|Estado Libre y Soberano de Nayarit}}), is one of the 31 states which, together with the Mexico City, make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided in 20 municipalities and its capital city is Tepic.

It is bordered by the states of Sinaloa to the northwest, Durango to the north, Zacatecas to the northeast and Jalisco to the south. To the west, Nayarit has a significant share of coastline on the Pacific Ocean, including the islands of Marías and Marietas. The beaches of San Blas and the so-called "Riviera Nayarit" are popular with tourists.

Besides tourism, the economy of the state is based mainly on agriculture and fishing.

Home to Uto-Aztecan indigenous peoples such as the Huichol and Cora, the region was exposed to the conquistadores, Hernán Cortés and Nuño de Guzmán, in the 16th century. Spanish governance was made difficult by indigenous rebellions and by the inhospitable terrain of the Sierra del Nayar. The last independent Cora communities were subjugated in 1722.

The state's name recalls the Cora people's label for themselves: Náayerite, commemorating Nayar, a resistance leader.^[9]

History

In the colonial period, the port of San Blas was one of the most important trade ports on the American Pacific coast. Galleons transporting goods from Manila, the Philippines arrived here before the rise of the port of Acapulco.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} Today, the town still boasts colonial architecture from the its heyday, such as the aduana (customs office), the contaduria (accounting offices) and the fortress that protected the port against pirates.

In Nayarit, the struggle for independence from Spain was initiated by the priest José María Mercado, who conquered Tepic and San Blas before being defeated and executed by Spanish royalists.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} In 1824, in the first constitution of the Mexican republic, Nayarit was a part of Jalisco state.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} During the second half of the 19th century, Nayarit was one of the most turbulent territories in Mexico. The population was in open revolt, demanding access to land.^[15] Nayarit was one of the last territories admitted as a state of the Mexican federation, which occurred on May 1, 1917.^[16]

Geography

Nayarit covers {{convert|27815|km2|sqmi|sp=us}}, making it one of the smaller states in Mexico.^[17] Nayarit is located between latitude lines 23°05' north and 20°36' south and longitude lines 103°43' east and 105°46' west.^[18] Its terrain is broken up by the western ends of the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains. Its highest mountains are: San Juan, Sanguangüey, El Ceboruco, Cumbre de Pajaritos and Picachos.^[19] Nayarit has two volcanoes, Ceboruco and Sangangüey. In the northeast are broad, tropical plains watered by the Río Grande de Santiago, a continuation of the Lerma River. The main state rivers are the Río Grande de Santiago, San Pedro, Acaponeta, Ameca and Las Cañas. The Río Grande de Santiago is the largest river in Nayarit. The Santiago and its tributaries are of major importance for agricultural irrigation. The Ameca and the Las Cañas lie on the border between Nayarit and the states of Jalisco and Sinaloa, respectively. Notable lagoons in Nayarit include Santa María del Oro, San Pedro Lagunillas and Agua Brava.^[20][21]

Municipalities

Nayarit – as with all states of Mexico – is geographically divided into municipalities (municipios), creating twenty municipalities in Nayarit:

• Acaponeta
• Ahuacatlán
• Amatlán de Cañas
• Bahía de Banderas
• Compostela
• El Nayar
• Huajicori
• Ixtlán del Río
• Jala
• La Yesca
• Rosamorada
• Ruíz
• San Blas
• San Pedro Lagunillas
• Santa María del Oro
• Santiago Ixcuintla
• Tecuala
• Tepic
• Tuxpan
• Xalisco

Environment

Nayarit contains hundreds of miles of rain forest in the sierra. Its wildlife includes hundreds of bird species including the lilac-crowned amazon (Amazona finschi) and Mexican woodnymph (Thalurania ridgwayi). There are also 119 registered species of mammals, including white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), caymans, armadillos and wild felines such as jaguarundi (Puma yagouarundi) and ocelot (Felis pardalis) and many more.^[22] Unfortunately, most of the rain forest has been exploited, especially around the region of Santa María del Oro. The conservation and protection of the rain forest and wildlife of Nayarit is an issue of crucial importance.^[23]

The Islas Marías were designated as the Islas Marías Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 2010.^[24]

Flora and fauna

Education

• Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic
• Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit
• Universidad Tecnólogica de Nayarit
• Universidad Tecnólogica de la Costa
• Escuela Normal Superior de Nayarit: a normal school (for teachers)
• Universidad Vizcaya de Las Americas
• Escuela Secundaria Técnica No. 51 (Emilio M. Gonzalez)

Demographics

Nayarit is Mexico's twenty-ninth most populous state. According to the census of 2010, the state had a population of 1,084,979 and its population density was 39/km².

Indigenous groups

Nayarit is the home to four indigenous groups: the Wixaritari (Huichol), the Naayeri (Cora), the Odam (Tepehuan) and the Nahuatl-speaking Mexicaneros. The indigenous groups mostly inhabit the Nayar highlands, but are also frequently encountered in Tepic and on the Pacific coast, where they have also established colonies. They are known for their crafts and artwork which they sell. About five percent of the state population speaks an indigenous language.^[26]

Economy

Nayarit is predominantly an agricultural state, and produces a large variety of crops such as beans, sorghum, sugar cane, corn, tobacco, rice, chiles, peanuts, melons, tomatoes, coffee, mangoes, bananas, and avocados. In addition to these crops, livestock and fishing are also central to the local economy. Approximately six percent of the land in Nayarit is pasture land, with the most common livestock being cattle, horses, pigs, goats, and sheep. Nayarit has 289 kilometers of coastline, which provides an abundance of fish and shellfish, including bass, snapper, sharks, and oysters. There are over 75 cooperatives related to the fishing industry alone in Nayarit. Much of the food produced in Nayarit is exported to the larger urban areas surrounding Mexico City and Guadalajara, and much of the agricultural labor is performed by migrant laborers. Although mining exists in Nayarit, it is mostly of non-metallic substances such as limestone or kaolin.^[27]

In recent years, Nayarit has worked to build its tourism sector, marketing the "Riviera Nayarita" as a safe, beautiful destination served by Puerto Vallarta International Airport. Popular resort towns include Bucerius, Punta de Mita, La Cruz de Huanacaxtle, San Blas, Santiago Ixcuintla, Sayulita and Tecuala. However, some residents in these and other towns are concerned that the growth in the tourism industry might have harmful impacts on the community.^[27] Due to the growth of tourism, some vacationers have fallen victim to timeshare scams.^[28]

See also

• Ixtlán del Rio (archaeological site)
• Western Mexico shaft tomb tradition

References

Further reading

• {{Cite book|author=Adams, Richard E.W.|title=Prehistoric Mesoamerica|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|year=2005|isbn=9780806137025|page=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gWZ3nQ2ObtEC&pg=PA124}}
• {{Cite book|authors=Flores-Verdugo, F.J.|chapter=The Tropical Pacific Coast of Mexico|editors=U. Seeliger & B. Kjerfve|title=Coastal Marine Ecosystems of Latin America|publisher=Springer|year=2000|isbn=9783540672289|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=drF30PA45o8C&pg=PA307|display-authors=etal}}
• {{Cite book|author=Weigand, Phil C.|chapter=Central Mexico's Influences in Jalisco and Nayarit during the Classic Period|editors=Edward M. Schortman, Patricia A. Urban|title=Resources, Power, and Interregional Interaction|publisher=Springer|year=1992|isbn=9780306440687|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OH0-W5R4VNcC&pg=PA221}}

External links

• {{osmrelation|2551642}}
• {{sp icon}} Nayarit State Government
• {{Sp icon}} Breve Historia de Nayarit: Jean Meyer
• {{sp icon}} Portal de Carrillo Puerto Nayarit, Mexico
• {{sp icon}} Portal de Compostela Nayarit, Mexico

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