| 词条 | West Side Yard |
| 释义 |
The West Side Yard (officially the John D. Caemmerer West Side Yard) is a rail yard owned by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority on the west side of Manhattan in New York City. Used to store commuter rail trains operated by the Long Island Rail Road, the {{convert|26.17|acres|ha|adj=on}} yard sits between West 30th Street, West 33rd Street, 10th Avenue and 12th Avenue. The yard includes storage tracks, a six-track indoor shop for light maintenance, a 12-car long platform for car cleaning, and lockers and a break room for employees. The yard sits at the north end of the High Line, a former elevated rail line used for freight service that has been converted into a park, and south of the truck marshalling yard used by the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center. It also sits above the 34th Street–Hudson Yards subway station, which opened in 2015. Before the yard opened in 1987, trains arriving at Penn Station during the morning rush hour had to deadhead back to Long Island for midday storage. The West Side Yard also increased the LIRR's peak period capacity at Penn Station. HistoryThe {{convert|26.17|acres|ha|adj=on}} site is bounded by between West 30th Street, West 33rd Street, 10th Avenue, and 12th Avenue.[1][2] It was originally used as a depot for the Hudson River Railroad for a line running down Eleventh Avenue, as trains were not permitted to operate south of West 32nd Street. New York Central and later Penn Central expanded the rail yards and used them as a freight terminal up until the 1970s when Penn Central declared bankruptcy and its Manhattan properties were put up for sale.[3] The rail yard was acquired by the State of New York. The northern portion was used for construction of the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center and the southern portion became a train-storage yard used by the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR). The yard was built because limited storage capacity at Penn Station forced LIRR trains to make non-passenger trips to storage yards on Long Island.[3][4] The yard opened in 1987, immediately increasing train capacity through Penn Station.[5] The West Side Yard is named after John D. Caemmerer, a New York State Senator from East Williston who helped obtain $195.7 million for its construction.[4] During construction, a tunnel was built under some of the east-west tracks that allows Amtrak trains from Penn Station to turn north and travel to Upstate New York via the West Side Line.[4] Amtrak trains began using this tunnel on April 7, 1991; before this, Empire Service trains originated from Grand Central Terminal.[6] Air rightsThere has been a long series of proposals to develop the rail yard air rights, including for a major expansion of Midtown Manhattan by William Zeckendorf in the 1950s[7] and for a housing development considered by U.S. Steel in the 1960s.[8] The West Side Yard was designed with space left between the tracks for columns to support development in air rights above the tracks.[4] Madison Square Garden considered a possible move to the site in the mid-1980s.[9][10] In the 1990s the air rights were considered as a possible location for a New York Yankees stadium.[11] The rail yard air rights were proposed by the New York City bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics as the location for the media center, Olympic plaza, and Olympic Stadium, to be occupied afterward by the New York Jets.[12][13] The eastern portion of the West Side Yard (east of 11th Avenue) was rezoned for residential and commercial use in January 2005 as part of the Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project. Following the defeat of the proposal to construct the West Side Stadium, the western portion of the rail yard was rezoned to accommodate residential and commercial development in December 2009.[14][15][16] Construction started in December 2012. As part of Hudson Yards' construction, a platform was built above the rail yard.[17] Tunnel boxThe Gateway Project is a proposal to build a high-speed rail corridor to alleviate the bottleneck along the Northeast Corridor between Newark, New Jersey, and New York City. To avoid a potential conflict[18] between the Gateway Project and the Hudson Yards project, which broke ground in late 2012, Amtrak officials said in February 2013 that a right-of-way would be preserved through the Hudson Yards project by construction of a tunnel underneath, to be financed by $120 million to $150 million in federal funds.[19][20][21] In June 2013 the US Department of Transportation announced that $183 million had been dedicated to the "tunnel box" as part of Hurricane Sandy recovery funding.[22][23][24] The underground concrete casing is {{convert|800|ft|m|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|50|ft|m|abbr=on}} wide, and approximately {{convert|35|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall.[25] Amtrak awarded Tutor Perini a $133 million contract to build a section of box tunnel.[26] Construction started in December 2014 and was nearing completion {{as of|July 2017|lc=y}}, though funding disputes stalled the tunnel box's completion.[27]The tunnel box was substantially complete by November 2017.[28] The following phase would extend the casing between 11th and 12th Avenue as the development of Hudson Yards continues westward.[29] Amtrak, NJ Transit, and the MTA have applied to the Federal Transit Administration for a $65 million matching grant for another {{convert|105|ft|m|abbr=on}} long structure to preserve the right-of-way at 11th Avenue in Manhattan[30][31] under a viaduct that was rehabilitated in 2009–2011.[32][33] See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mtawsy.com/en-US/ |title=West Side Rail Yard (Request for Proposals for Development)|work=Metropolitan Transportation Authority |date=July 13, 2007 |accessdate=March 6, 2010}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://web.mta.info/mta/investor/pdf/2004_annual_report.pdf |title=2004 Annual Report |format=PDF |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority |page=66 |accessdate=March 6, 2010}} 3. ^{{cite news |title=Far West Side Story |first=Matthew |last=Doherty |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/07/nyregion/07tunn.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 7, 2004 |accessdate=March 6, 2010}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |title=The Air Above Rail Yards Still Free |first=Mary |last=Voboril |url=https://www.ble-t.org/pr/news/pf_headline.asp?id=13167 |newspaper=Newsday |location=New York |date=March 26, 2005}} 5. ^{{cite news |title=Problems Halt Laying of Pipe at L.I.R.R. Project |first=Ralph |last=Blumenthal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/21/nyregion/problems-halt-laying-of-pipe-at-lirr-project.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 21, 1984 |accessdate=March 5, 2010}} 6. ^{{cite news |title=Travel Advisory; Grand Central Trains Rerouted To Penn Station |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/07/travel/travel-advisory-grand-central-trains-rerouted-to-penn-station.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 7, 1991 |accessdate=March 6, 2010}} 7. ^Paul Crowell, [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1956/01/06/84872086.pdf "'Palace' Plan Out; Bigger One Urged,"] New York Times, January 6, 1956. 8. ^Robert E. Bedingfield, [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1964/08/01/118533814.pdf "U.S. Steel Weighs Midtown Project,"] New York Times, August 4, 1964. 9. ^Charles V. Bagli, [https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/16/nyregion/move-possible-for-garden-but-where.html "Move Possible for Garden (But Where?),"] New York Times, December 16, 2000. 10. ^{{cite news |title=Owners of Garden Said to Weight Building New Arena Further West |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/12/28/nyregion/owners-of-garden-said-to-weight-building-new-arena-farther-west.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=December 28, 1985 |accessdate=March 6, 2010}} 11. ^{{cite news |title=Mayor Making Case for Yanks on West Side |first=Dan |last=Barry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/20/nyregion/mayor-making-case-for-yanks-on-west-side.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 20, 1998 |accessdate=March 6, 2010}} 12. ^{{cite news |title=Giuliani Offers Plan to Put Up Sports Complex |first=Dan |last=Barry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/15/nyregion/giuliani-offers-plan-to-put-up-sports-complex.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=January 15, 1999 |accessdate=March 6, 2010}} 13. ^{{cite news |title=From Ashes of Olympic Bid, a Future Rises for the Far West Side |first=Charles V. |last=Bagli |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/28/nyregion/on-far-west-side-bloombergs-failed-olympic-plan-spurs-development.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 27, 2011 |accessdate=November 28, 2011}} 14. ^{{cite news |title=What Rises in the West? Uncertainty |first=Joyce |last=Purnick |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/20/nyregion/20matters.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=January 20, 2005 |accessdate=March 6, 2010}} 15. ^{{cite news |title=Rezoning Will Allow Railyard Project to Advance |first=Charles V. |last=Bagli |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/22/nyregion/22hudson.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=December 21, 2009 |accessdate=March 6, 2010}} 16. ^{{cite news |title=MTA Finalizes Hudson Yards Deal |url=http://www.mta.info/news/stories/?story=67 |work=Metropolitan Transportation Authority |date=May 26, 2010 |accessdate=May 31, 2010}} 17. ^{{cite web|author=Nick Stockton|url=https://www.wired.com/2014/03/new-york-hudson-yards/|title=A Plan to Build Skyscrapers That Barely Touch the Ground|work=Wired|date=March 24, 2014|accessdate=April 16, 2014}} 18. ^{{cite web | last = Marritz | first = Ilya | title = Sen. Schumer: Fast Action Needed for New Amtrak Tunnel | publisher = Transportation Nation | date = September 28, 2012 | url = http://transportationnation.org/2012/09/28/schumer-fast-action-needed-for-new-amtrak-tunnel/ | accessdate = October 3, 2012}} 19. ^{{cite news | last = Sichert | first = Bill | title = Amtrak to construct 'tunnel box' for Hudson River rail project to cross Manhattan development | newspaper = The Star-Ledger | date = March 5, 2013 | url = http://www.nj.com/somerset/index.ssf/2013/03/amtrak_to_construct_tunnel_box.html | accessdate = March 9, 2013 | quote = }} 20. ^{{cite web | last = Samtani | first = HIten | title = Related, Amtrak to construct rail tunnel between Manhattan and NJ | publisher = The Real Deal | date = February 26, 2013 | url = http://therealdeal.com/blog/2013/02/26/related-amtrak-to-construct-rail-tunnel-between-manhattan-and-nj/ | accessdate = March 9, 2013}} 21. ^{{cite news | last = Cuozzo | first = Steve | title = Fed money keeps rail tunnel alive | newspaper = The New York Post | date = February 26, 2013 | url = http://www.nypost.com/p/news/business/realestate/commercial/fed_money_keeps_rail_tunnel_alive_02ScWZ2xkmnE17S2cRty7J | accessdate = March 9, 2013 | quote = }} 22. ^{{cite web | last = Magyar | first = Mark J. | title = NJ FACES HEFTY PRICETAG FOR RAIL TUNNEL, TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS | work = | publisher = NJ Spotlight | date = October 21, 2013 | url = http://www.njspotlight.com/stories/13/10/21/nj-faces-hefty-pricetag-for-rail-tunnel-transportation-projects/?p=all | accessdate = November 24, 2013}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wnyc.org/story/296063-second-trans-hudson-tunnel-gets-some-real-money/|title=Second Trans-Hudson Tunnel Gets Some Real Money|last=|first=|date=May 30, 2013|publisher=WNYC|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|work=Transportation Nation|accessdate=April 5, 2017}} 24. ^{{cite news | last = Hawkins | first = Andrew | title = Hudson train tunnel project gets kickstart | publisher = Crain's | date = May 30, 2013 | url = http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20130530/TRANSPORTATION/130539987 | accessdate = January 27, 2014}} 25. ^{{Citation | title = Environmental Assessment for Construction of a Concrete Casing in the Hudson Yards, New York, New York | publisher = Federal Railroad Administration | date = March 2013 | url = http://www.fra.dot.gov/Elib/Document/3050 | quote = }} 26. ^{{cite web | title = Contract awarded for New York rail tunnel | publisher = Construction Index | date = September 7, 2013 | url = http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/contract-awarded-for-new-york-rail-tunnel | accessdate = November 26, 2013}} 27. ^{{cite web | title=Part of Hudson Yards Tunnels Is Nearly Done. Now It Sits, Unused. | website=The New York Times | date=July 20, 2017 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/20/nyregion/hudson-yards-tunnels-gateway-project.html | access-date=August 30, 2018}} 28. ^{{Cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/mta/news/books/pdf/190325_0930_LIRR.pdf|title=Long Island Rail Road Committee Meeting - March 2019|last=|first=|date=March 25, 2019|website=mta.info|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|access-date=March 25, 2019|page=50}} 29. ^{{Cite web|url=https://nec.amtrak.com/content/hudson-yard-right-way-preservation-project|title=Hudson Yard Right-of-Way Preservation Project {{!}} nec.amtrak.com|last=|first=|date=|website=nec.amtrak.com|language=en|access-date=July 9, 2017}} 30. ^{{cite news | last = HIggs | first = Larry | title = Amtrak: New tunnels needed after Sandy damage | newspaper = Asbury Park Press | date = September 1, 2014 | url = http://www.app.com/story/news/traffic/2014/09/01/sandy-amtrak-tunnels/14928539/ | accessdate = September 1, 2014}} 31. ^{{cite news | last = Maag | first = Christopher | title = Signs of life stir for rail tunnel under Hudson | newspaper = The Record | date = September 21, 2014 | url = http://www.northjersey.com/news/signs-of-life-stir-for-rail-tunnel-under-hudson-1.1093168 | accessdate = September 22, 2014}} 32. ^{{cite web | title = 11th Avenue viAduCt OveR LiRR YARd WeSt 30th tO WeSt 33Rd StReetS | publisher = NYC DOT | date = | url = http://home2.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/11thavenue_viaduct.pdf | accessdate =September 3, 2014}} 33. ^{{cite web | title = Rehabilitation of 11th Avenue Viaduct Over LIRR/Amtrak | publisher = Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers | date = | url = http://www.mrce.com/media/projects/09344%20Rehabilitation%20of%2011th%20Avenue%20over%20Amtrak.pdf | accessdate =September 3, 2014}} External links
6 : Long Island Rail Road|Rail yards in New York (state)|Transportation buildings and structures in Manhattan|1987 establishments in New York (state)|Hudson Yards, Manhattan|West Side Line |
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