| 词条 | West Virginian (Amtrak train) |
| 释义 |
| box_width = | name = West Virginian | logo = | logo_width = | image = Potomac Special at Grafton station (1), August 1972.jpg | image_width = 300px | caption = The Potomac Special at Grafton, West Virginia in 1972 | type = | status = Discontinued | locale = West Virginia | predecessor = | first = {{Start date|1971|09|08|df=y}} | last = {{End date|1973|04|28|df=y}} | successor = Blue Ridge | operator = | formeroperator= Amtrak | ridership = | start = Washington, D.C. | stops = | end = Parkersburg, West Virginia | distance = | journeytime = | frequency = | trainnumber = | class = | access = | seating = | sleeping = | autorack = | catering = | observation = | entertainment= | baggage = | otherfacilities= | stock = | gauge = | el = | speed = | owners = B&O Railroad | routenumber = | map = {{Amtrak West Virginian}} | map_state = collapsed }} The West Virginian, later known as the Potomac Turbo and Potomac Special, was a daily passenger train operated by Amtrak between Washington, D.C. and Parkersburg, West Virginia. This route was previously served by the Baltimore & Ohio's (B&O) train of the same name, and was the first of several services in the state of West Virginia established at the behest of US Representative Harley Orrin Staggers (D-West Virginia), the powerful chair of the House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee. This patronage earned the train the derisive sobriquets "Harley's Hornet" and the "Staggers Special".[1] HistoryWest VirginianOn its startup on May 1, 1971, Amtrak did not retain any of the three B&O intercity trains then operating west of Cumberland, Maryland. Commuter services between Washington, D.C. and Martinsburg, West Virginia continued unaffected. The situation displeased Staggers, through whose district the B&O route ran. Responding to pressure from Staggers, Amtrak introduced the West Virginian on September 8, 1971, between Washington and Parkersburg, West Virginia. It was Amtrak's first train on the B&O.[2] The train operated with ex-Chesapeake and Ohio Railway equipment: a 52-seat coach and a snack-bar coach.[3] Potomac TurboOn February 7, 1972, Amtrak transferred one of its two UAC TurboTrain trainsets, then on the Turboservice between New York City and Boston, Massachusetts, to the Parkersburg run. Amtrak characterized this as an experiment to see how well the TurboTrain could run on a mountainous route and whether new equipment could reinvigorate ridership on a poor-performing route. Amtrak dubbed the re-equipped train the Potomac Turbo.[4] Critics questioned the wisdom of running the train in a region where mountains and curves limited the train to a top speed of {{convert|80|mph}}. Staggers was widely suspected of pressuring Amtrak to introduce the service; he denied that he had brought any pressure on Amtrak, although fellow representative Dan Kuykendall acknowledged suggesting to Amtrak officials that they "fix up West Virginia."[5] Amtrak withdrew the equipment on May 13 to replace the other TurboTrain on the New York–Boston run. That train had, in turn, been sent to Washington for the Transpo '72 exposition.[6] Potomac SpecialWith the withdrawal of the TurboTrain conventional equipment returned to the Washington–Parkersburg run. Amtrak named this train the Potomac Special. Amtrak discontinued this train on May 5, 1973. In its place Amtrak introduced the Blue Ridge, which terminated at Martinsburg, West Virginia.[1][7] A later train, the Shenandoah, operated through Parkersburg to Cincinnati, Ohio. This train was introduced in 1976 and withdrawn in 1981. The Blue Ridge was transferred to MARC and continues presently as the Brunswick Line. Amtrak's Capitol Limited, a Chicago-Washington service begun in 1981, operates over the Washington-Cumberland, Maryland portion of the line. Notes1. ^1 {{Harvnb|Schwieterman|2001|pp=312–315}} 2. ^{{Harvnb|Sanders|2006|p=67}} 3. ^{{cite web | title=West Virginia State Rail Plan: Intercity Service Review | author=West Virginia Department of Transportation, State Rail Authority | date=March 12, 2013 | accessdate=October 5, 2014 | url=http://www.westvirginiarailplan.com/Libraries/project_information/WV_SRP_-_Intercity_Service_Review.sflb.ashx | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310080045/http://www.westvirginiarailplan.com/Libraries/project_information/WV_SRP_-_Intercity_Service_Review.sflb.ashx | archivedate=March 10, 2016 | df= }} 4. ^{{cite news|title=Turbotrain makes debut |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1103161/potomac_turbo_debut/|newspaper=Morning Herald|date=February 8, 1972|page=11|via = Newspapers.com|accessdate =October 3, 2014 }} {{Open access}} 5. ^{{cite news | title=Logic of Milk Run By Amtrak Turbo Train Is Questioned | first=John | last=Lang | publisher=Nashua Telegraph | date=March 30, 1972 | accessdate=2010-05-25 | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=s5orAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gPYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6868,4283734&dq=amtrak+parkersburg&hl=en}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=Turbo Train Won't Return To W.Va. Run |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1103194/potomac_turbo_ends/|newspaper=Daily Mail|date=May 26, 1972|page=5|via = Newspapers.com|accessdate = October 3, 2014 }} {{Open access}} 7. ^{{harvnb|Reynolds|Oroszi|2000|p=126}} References
External links
8 : Former Amtrak routes|Passenger rail transportation in Maryland|Passenger rail transportation in Washington, D.C.|Passenger rail transportation in West Virginia|Martinsburg, West Virginia|Parkersburg, West Virginia|Railway services introduced in 1971|Railway services discontinued in 1973 |
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