| 词条 | Neem Karoli Baba |
| 释义 |
|image = Neemkaroli 14.jpg |caption = | religion = Hinduism |birth_date = 1900 c.[1] |birth_place = Akbarpur, United Provinces, British India (now in Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh, India) |birth_name = Lakshmi Narayan Sharma |death_date = 11 September 1973 (aged 73) |death_place = Vrindavan, Uttar Pradesh, India |nationality = Indian |guru = Hanuman |literary_works = |disciples = Bhagavan Das, Jai Uttal, Krishna Das, Ram Dass, Ram Rani, Surya Das |philosophy = Bhakti yoga, Sewa |footnotes = }} Neem Karoli Baba (Hindi: नीम करौली बाबा[1]) or Neeb Karori Baba (Hindi: नीब करौरी बाबा) (c. 1900 - 11 September 1973) - known to his followers as Maharaj-ji - was a Hindu guru, mystic and devotee of the Hindu deity Hanuman.[2] He is known outside India for being the guru of a number of Americans who travelled to India in the 1960s and 1970s, the most well-known being the spiritual teachers Ram Dass and Bhagavan Das, and the musicians Krishna Das and Jai Uttal. His ashrams are in Kainchi,[3] Vrindavan, Rishikesh, Shimla, Neem Karoli village near Khimasepur in Farrukhabad, Bhumiadhar, Hanuman Gadi, Lucknow, Delhi in India and in Taos, New Mexico, USA. BiographyEarly yearsBorn as Lakshmi (Laxmi) Narayan Sharma, around 1900, in village Akbarpur, Faizabad district, Uttar Pradesh, India, in a Brahmin family of Durga Prasad Sharma.[4] After marrying young at 11, Neem Karoli Baba became a wandering sadhu. He later returned home, at his father's request, to marry. He fathered two sons and a daughter.[5] As Maharaj-jiNeem Karoli Baba or Baba Lakshman Das (also spelled "Laxman Das"), as he was known then, left his home in 1958. He boarded a train without a ticket and the conductor decided to halt the train and force Neem Karoli Baba off of the train at the village of Neeb Karori, Farrukhabad district (U.P). After kicking Baba off of the train, the conductor found that the train would not start again. After several attempts at starting the train someone suggested to the conductor that they allow the sadhu back on to the train. Neem Karoli agreed to board the train only if the railway company could promise to build a station at the village of Neeb Karori. The officials agreed and Neem Karoli Baba boarded the train, jokingly saying, "What, is it up to me to start trains?" Immediately after his boarding the train, it started, but the train drivers would not proceed unless the sadhu blessed them to move forward. Baba gave his blessings and the train proceeded. Later a train station was built at the village of Neeb Karori.[6] Baba lived in the village of Neeb Karori for a while and was given his name by locals. Thereafter he wandered extensively throughout Northern India. During this time he was known under many names including Lakshman Das, Handi Wallah Baba, and Tikonia Walla Baba. When he did tapasya and sadhana at Vavania Morbi in Gujarat, he was known as Tallaiya Baba. In Vrindavan, local inhabitants addressed him by the name of Chamatkari Baba ("miracle baba").[6] During his life two main ashrams were built, first at Vrindavan and later at Kainchi, where he spent the summer months.[4] In time, over 100 temples were constructed in his name.[4] The Kainchi Dham ashram where he stayed in the last decade of his life, was built in 1964 with a Hanuman temple. It started two years prior with a modest platform built for two local shadhus, Premi Baba and Sombari Maharaj to perform yagnas. Over the years the temple, situated 17 km from Nainital on the Nainital-Almora road, has become an important pilgrimage for locals, especially on 15 June, when then the Kainchi Dham Bhandara takes place to commemorate the inauguration of the temple, when it is visited by over a lakh of devotees.[7][8][9] DeathNeem Karoli Baba (Maharaj ji) died at approximately 1:15 a.m. in the early morning hours of 11 September 1973 in a hospital at Vrindavan, India after slipping into a diabetic coma. He had been returning by night train to Kainchi near Nainital, from Agra where he had visited a heart specialist due to experiencing pains in his chest. He and his traveling companions had disembarked at Mathura railway station where he began convulsing and requested being taken to Shri Dham Vrindavan. {{quote|They took him to the emergency room at the hospital. In the hospital the doctor gave him injections and placed an oxygen mask over his face. The hospital staff said that he was in a diabetic coma but that his pulse was fine. Maharajji roused and pulled the oxygen mask off his face and the blood pressure measuring band from his arm, saying, “Bekar (useless).” Maharajji asked for Ganga water. As there was none, they brought him regular water. He then repeated several times, “Jaya Jagadish Hare” (Hail to the Lord of the Universe),” each time in a lower pitch. His face became very peaceful, all signs of pain disappeared. He was dead.[10]}}Subsequently, his samadhi shrine was built within the complex of Vrindavan ashram, which also has some of his personal belongings. PhilosophyHe was a lifelong adept of bhakti yoga, and encouraged service to others (seva) as the highest form of unconditional devotion to God. In the book Miracle of Love, compiled by Ram Dass, a devotee named Anjani shares the following account: {{quote|There can be no biography of him. Facts are few, stories many. He seems to have been known by different names in many parts of India, appearing and disappearing through the years. His non-Indian devotees of recent years knew him as Neem Karoli Baba, but mostly as “Maharajji” – a nickname so commonplace in India that one can often hear a tea vendor addressed thus. Just as he said, he was "nobody". He gave no discourses; the briefest, simplest stories were his teachings. Usually he sat or lay on a wooden bench wrapped in a plaid blanket while a few devotees sat around him. Visitors came and went; they were given food, a few words, a nod, a pat on the head or back, and they were sent away. There was gossip and laughter for he loved to joke. Orders for running the ashram were given, usually in a piercing yell across the compound. Sometimes he sat in silence, absorbed in another world to which we could not follow, but bliss and peace poured down on us. Who he was was no more than the experience of him, the nectar of his presence, the totality of his absence, enveloping us now like his plaid blanket.[10]}}Notable disciplesAmong the most well known of Neem Karoli Baba's disciples were spiritual teacher Ram Dass (the author of Be Here Now), teacher/performer Bhagavan Das, Lama Surya Das[11] and the musicians Jai Uttal and Krishna Das and Trevor Hall (Rampriya Das). Other notable devotees include humanitarian Larry Brilliant and his wife Girija, Dada Mukerjee (former professor at Allahabad University, Uttar Pradesh, India), scholar and writer Yvette Rosser, John Bush filmmaker, and Daniel Goleman author of The Varieties of the Meditative Experience and Emotional Intelligence.[12] Baba Hari Dass (Haridas) was not a disciple,[13] however, he supervised several buildings and maintained the ashrams[14] in Nainital area (1954-1968) before heading to the USA to become a spiritual teacher in California in the beginning of 1971. Steve Jobs, along with his friend Dan Kottke, traveled to India in April 1974 to study Hinduism and Indian spirituality; they planned also to meet Neem Karoli Baba,[15] but arrived to find the guru had died the previous September.[16] Hollywood actress[17] Julia Roberts was also influenced by Neem Karoli Baba. A picture of him drew Roberts to Hinduism.[18] Mark Zuckerberg, founder of facebook, influenced by Steve Jobs, visited Neem Karoli Baba's (Maharajji) ashram in Kainchi. Larry Brilliant took Google’s Larry Page and Jeffrey Skoll, co-founder of eBay, on the pilgrimage.[19]FoundationsAfter returning to the United States, Ram Dass and Larry Brilliant founded the Seva Foundation, an international health organization based in Berkeley, California. Steve Jobs, a friend of Brilliant, also funded the organization.[20] It is committed to applying the teachings of Neem Karoli Baba toward ending world poverty. In the late 2000s another Foundation evolved, the 'Love Serve Remember Foundation', whose purpose is to preserve and continue the teachings of Neem Karoli Baba.[21] Quotes
References1. ^{{cite web | title = सुर्खियों में आया बाबा नीम करौली का आश्रम |work=Dainik Bhaskar| url = http://www.bhaskar.com/news/NAT-NAN-neeb-karori-baba-who-has-been-magnet-for-mark-zuckerberg-steve-jobs-5129042-PHO.html |language=Hindi|date=1 October 2015| accessdate = 2015-10-04 }} 2. ^{{cite web |author= Swami Chidananda|authorlink=Swami Chidananda | title = Baba Neem Karoli: A Wonder Mystic of Northern India | url = http://www.dlshq.org/saints/neemkaroli.htm|work=Divine Life Society | accessdate = 2015-10-04 }} 3. ^{{Coord|29.4220|79.5125}} Kainchi Dham 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|author1=Constance Jones|author2=James D. Ryan|title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC&pg=PA310|year=2006|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-7564-5|page=310}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/neem-karoli-baba-facebook-mark-zuckerberg-apple-steve-jobs-54973.html|title=10 facts to know about Neem Karoli Baba|date=1 October 2015|publisher=}} 6. ^1 Ram Dass (1995). Miracle of Love: Stories about Neem Karoli Baba. Hanuman Foundation. {{ISBN|1-887474-00-5}}. 7. ^{{cite web | title = Devotees throng Kainchi Dham fair | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Devotees-throng-Kainchi-Dham-fair/articleshow/47680464.cms |date=15 June 2015| accessdate = 2015-10-01 | newspaper = The Times of India }} 8. ^{{cite web | title = 10 facts to know about Neem Karoli Baba | url = http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/neem-karoli-baba-facebook-mark-zuckerberg-apple-steve-jobs-54973.html |work=India TV News|date=1 October 2015| accessdate = 2015-10-01 }} 9. ^{{cite web | title = One 'Mark' who stayed two nights | url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150930/jsp/frontpage/story_45349.jsp#.Vg09Kuyqqko|work=The Telegraph |date=30 September 2015| accessdate = 2015-10-01 }} 10. ^1 Ram Dass (1995). Miracle of Love: Stories about Neem Karoli Baba. Hanuman Foundation. {{ISBN|1-887474-00-5}} 11. ^{{cite book| last =Das| first =Surya| title =Awakening the Buddha Within: Tibetan Wisdom for the Western World| publisher =Broadway| date =1998| pages =41| url =| id = | isbn = 0-7679-0157-6}} 12. ^{{cite web | title = Krishna Das : Songwriter Interviews | url = http://www.songfacts.com/blog/interviews/krishna_das/ | work = Song facts|accessdate = 2015-10-01 }} 13. ^{{Cite book|title = Encyclopedia of Hinduism|last = Jones|first = Constance A.|publisher = Infobase Publishing|year = 2007|isbn = 978-0-8160-5458-9|location = New York|pages = Baba Hari Dass|last2 = D. Ryan|first2 = James}} 14. ^{{Cite book|title = The Near and The Dear|last = Mukerjee|first = Sudhir Dada|publisher = Hanuman Foundation|origyear = 1996|year = 2012|isbn = 1-887474-02-1|location = Santa Fe, NM|pages = 221–2}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/rhythmdivine/jobs-holy-man-and-apple-logo/4609698 |title=Steve Jobs, a Hindu holy man, and the Apple logo |publisher=abc.net.au }} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/itslideshow/7312002.cms |title=Sought 'enlightenment' in India |newspaper=The Times of India |date=2011-10-06 |accessdate=2012-04-05}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/rhythmdivine/jobs-holy-man-and-apple-logo/4609698|title=Steve Jobs, a Hindu holy man, and the Apple logo|date=4 April 2013|publisher=}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Entertainment/video/julia-roberts-journey-eat-pray-love-11356429 |title= Julia Roberts' Journey in 'Eat Pray Love' |date=9 August 2010 |publisher=ABC News |accessdate=6 October 2010}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/inside-the-indian-temple-that-draws-americas-tech-titans/2015/10/30/03b646d8-7cb9-11e5-bfb6-65300a5ff562_story.html|title=Inside the Indian temple that draws America’s tech titans|first=Annie|last=Gowen|date=31 October 2015|publisher=|via=www.washingtonpost.com}} 20. ^{{cite book|author=Anthony Imbimbo|title=Steve Jobs: The Brilliant Mind Behind Apple|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Mv5tVPB4hEC&pg=PA42|date= 2009|publisher=Gareth Stevens|isbn=978-1-4339-0060-0|pages=43}} 21. ^{{cite web | title = Love Serve Remember Foundation - Ram Dass | url = https://www.ramdass.org/love-serve-remember-foundation/ | accessdate = 2015-10-06 }} 22. ^{{cite web | title = Sab Ek, All One |work= Experiences With Maharajji|url = http://maharajji.com/Experiences-With-Maharajji/sab-ek-all-one.html | accessdate = 2015-10-09 }} 23. ^{{cite web | title = Mark Zuckerberg’s temple run, courtesy Steve Jobs|work= Livemint | url = http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/tBqIS1HUtqoLpeYINPx3mJ/Mark-Zuckerbergs-temple-run-courtesy-Steve-Jobs.html |date=29 September 2015| accessdate = 2015-10-15 | first = Nikita | last = Doval }} Bibliography
External links
10 : 1900 births|1973 deaths|20th-century Hindu religious leaders|20th-century Indian people|Indian Hindu religious leaders|People from Faizabad district|People from Mathura|Vaishnavite religious leaders|Hindu mystics|Hindu saints |
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