| 词条 | Neighbours (1952 film) |
| 释义 |
| name = Neighbours (Voisins) | image = | caption = | director = Norman McLaren | producer = Norman McLaren | writer = Norman McLaren | narrator = | starring = Grant Munro Jean-Paul Ladouceur | music = Norman McLaren | cinematography = | editing = | distributor = National Film Board of Canada | released = {{Film date|1952}} | runtime = 8 m 6 s | country = Canada | language = none | budget = | gross = }} Neighbours (French title: Voisins) is a 1952 anti-war film by Scottish Canadian filmmaker Norman McLaren. Produced at the National Film Board of Canada in Montreal, the film uses the technique known as pixilation, an animation technique using live actors as stop-motion objects. McLaren created the soundtrack of the film by scratching the edge of the film, creating various blobs, lines, and triangles which the projector read as sound. Pablo Picasso called this the greatest film ever made.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}} PlotTwo men, Jean-Paul Ladouceur and Grant Munro, live peacefully in adjacent cardboard houses. When a flower blooms between their houses, they fight each other to the death over the ownership of the single small flower. The moral of the film is, simply, Love your neighbour {{bibleref2|Matthew| 22:39|KJV}}. The moral is also shown in other languages, including:
ControversyNeighbours has been described as "one of the most controversial films the NFB ever made".[1] The eight-minute film was politically motivated:
The version of Neighbours that ultimately won an Oscar was not the version McLaren had originally created. In order to make the film palatable for American and European audiences, McLaren was required to remove a scene in which the two men, fighting over the flower, murdered the other's wife and children.[3] During the Vietnam War, public opinion changed, and McLaren was asked to reinstate the sequence. The original negative of that scene had been destroyed, so the scene was salvaged from a positive print of lower quality.[4] NFB founder John Grierson, who had invited McLaren to the NFB to form its first animation unit, would ultimately disparage Neighbours and McLaren's attempt at political cinema:
PixilationThe term 'pixilation' was created by Grant Munro, who had worked with McLaren on Two Bagatelles, a pair of short pixilation films made prior to Neighbours. While Neighbours is often credited as an animated film by many film historians,[6] very little of the film is actually animated. The majority of the film is shot with variable-speed photography, usually in fast motion, with some stop-frame techniques. During one brief sequence, the two actors appear to levitate: this effect was actually achieved in stop-motion; the men repeatedly jumped upward but were photographed only at the top of their trajectories. Under the current definition of an animated short,[7] it is unlikely that Neighbours would qualify as either a documentary short or an animated short. McLaren followed Neighbours with two other films using a similar combination of pixilation, live action, variable speed photography and string-puppets. The first, A Chairy Tale (1957) was a collaboration with Claude Jutra and Ravi Shankar. The second, Opening Speech by Norman McLaren (1960) was made for the International Film Festival of Montreal, and starred McLaren himself. Wolf Koenig served as cameraman on the film.[8]Awards and honoursNeighbours is the winner of both a Canadian Film Award and an Oscar, for the latter of which it was nominated twice, for Short Subject (One-reel) and for Best Documentary (Short Subject). Strangely, it was in the Documentary category that this short, stylized drama (with some comedic elements) won its Oscar. A press release issued by AMPAS states that Neighbours is "among a group of films that not only competed, but won Academy Awards in what were clearly inappropriate categories."[9]This film was designated as a "masterwork" by the Audio-Visual Preservation Trust of Canada, a charitable non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the preservation of Canada's audio-visual heritage.[10] In 2009, Neighbours was added to UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme, listing the most significant documentary heritage collections in the world.[11] DerivativesExtreme's video for the first single, "Rest in Peace", from their third album III Sides To Every Story was closely modelled after Neighbours, except instead of a flower, the neighbors fight over a TV set showing the band performing the song. The NFB took legal action and the matter was settled out of court, with withdrawal of the video from circulation.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}. However, the withdrawn video was subsequently posted on YouTube where it can be viewed in its entirety. See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://animation.filmtv.ucla.edu/program/anihist.html|title=A rather incomplete but still fascinating history of animation|last=McLaughlin|first=Dan|year=2001|accessdate=2006-08-30 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060812142657/http://animation.filmtv.ucla.edu/program/anihist.html |archivedate = 2006-08-12}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://films.nfb.ca/normanmclaren/dvd_en/page6.html|title=Norman McLaren|publisher=National Film Board of Canada|accessdate=2012-02-27}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://people.wcsu.edu/mccarneyh/fva/M/neighbors.html|title=Neighbours|last=Cartagena|first=Rene|year=2003|accessdate=2006-08-30}} 4. ^Curtis, David. Norman McLaren. Edinburgh: Scottish Arts Council Catalogue, 1977. 5. ^{{cite book|last=Kristmanson|first=Mark|title=Plateaus of Freedom: Nationality, Culture, and State Security in Canada, 1920–1960|year=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-541803-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPTYERMGBgIC&pg=PA54&dq=%22Hen+Hop%22+McLaren&hl=en&ei=hVCCTZCqFZLogQei-O3eCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Hen%20Hop%22%20McLaren&f=false|page=54}} 6. ^ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070515174814/http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2005/05.10.31.html |date=May 15, 2007 }} 7. ^ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029041756/http://www.oscars.org/79academyawards/rules/rule19.html |date=October 29, 2006 }} 8. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/for-wolf-koenig-it-was-about-framing-that-decisive-moment/article20187065/?page=all|title=For Wolf Koenig, it was about framing that decisive moment|last=Martin|first=Sandra|date=24 August 2014|work=The Globe and Mail|accessdate=27 August 2014}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.webwire.com/ViewPressRel_print.asp?aId=5158 |title=Oscar's Docs Resumes with Nature Documentaries |publisher=Webwire.com |date=2005-10-31 |accessdate=2014-08-27}} 10. ^AV Trust | Preserving Canada's Visual and Audio Treasures {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930013551/http://avtrust.ca/masterworks/2000/en_film.htm |date=2011-09-30 }} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Neighbours, animated, directed and produced by Norman McLaren in 1952|url=http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=26905&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|work=Memory of the World|publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=16 October 2010}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} External links
17 : 1952 films|Canadian films|Quebec films|Films without speech|1950s animated short films|Stop-motion animated short films|Canadian animated short films|Films directed by Norman McLaren|Best Documentary Short Subject Academy Award winners|Films shot in Montreal|National Film Board of Canada animated short films|Anti-war films|Graphical sound|Memory of the World Register|1952 animated films|Pixilation films|Films shot in Quebec |
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