| 词条 | Wideband audio |
| 释义 |
HistoryIn 1987, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) standardized a version of wideband audio known as G.722. Radio broadcasters began using G.722 over Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) to provide high-quality audio for remote broadcasts, such as commentary from sports venues. AMR-WB (G.722.2) was developed by Nokia and VoiceAge and it was first specified by 3GPP. The traditional telephone network (PSTN) is generally limited to narrowband audio by the intrinsic nature of its transmission technology, TDM (time-division multiplexing), and by the analogue-to-digital converters used at the edge of the network, as well as the speakers, microphones and other elements in the endpoints themselves. Wideband audio has been broadly deployed in conjunction with videoconferencing. Providers of this technology quickly discovered that despite the explicit emphasis on video transmission, the quality of the participant experience was significantly influenced by the fidelity of the associated audio signal. Communications via Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) can readily employ wideband audio. When PC-to-PC calls are placed via VoIP services, such as Skype, and the participants use a high-quality headset, the resulting call quality can be noticeably superior to conventional PSTN calls. A number of audio codecs have emerged to support these services, supplementing G.722. Manufacturers of audio conferencing equipment have introduced wideband-capable models that include support for G.722 over VoIP. Conference calls are a direct beneficiary of the enhancements offered by wideband audio. Participants often struggle to figure out who is talking, or to understand accented speakers. Misunderstandings are commonplace due primarily to generally poor audio quality and an accumulation of background noise. Some listener benefits cited of wideband audio compared to traditional (narrowband):
Despite its reputation for poor audio quality, the mobile telephone industry has started to make some progress on wideband audio. The 3GPP standards group has designated G.722.2 as its wideband codec and calls it Adaptive Multirate – Wideband (AMR-WB). More than a hundred handsets have been introduced supporting this codec (for example, Apple, Google, HTC, Nokia, Samsung and Sony), and network demonstrations have been conducted.{{fact|date=March 2018}} DeploymentAs business telephone systems have adopted VoIP technology, support for wideband audio has grown rapidly. Telephone sets from Avaya, Cisco, NEC Unified Solutions, Grandstream, Gigaset, Panasonic (which brands wideband audio "HD Sonic"), Polycom (which brands wideband audio "HD Voice"), Snom, AudioCodes (which brands wideband audio "HDVoIP") and others now incorporate G.722, as well as varying degrees of higher-quality audio components. AMR-WB is natively supported in Android since Android Gingerbread,[2] and in iOS since the iPhone 5.[3] Suppliers of integrated circuits for telephony equipment, including DSP Group, Broadcom, Infineon, and Texas Instruments, include wideband audio in their feature portfolios. There are audio conferencing service providers that support wideband connections from these and other VoIP endpoints, while also permitting PSTN participants to join the conference in narrowband. sipXtapi is an open source solution for VoIP media processing engine supporting wideband and HD voice that provides RTP and codecs through a plugin framework for use with SIP and other VoIP protocols. Skype uses an audio codec called Silk which allows for extremely high quality audio. A number of carriers around the world have rolled out HD voice services based on the G.722 wideband standard. In North America, hosted service providers have recently {{When|date = October 2014}}deployed the Aastra Hi-Q upgrade to its installed user base and as of January 2010 claimed around 70,000 HD voice endpoints. Consumer service provider ooma has an estimated 25,000 HD voice endpoints deployed stemming from its roll out of its second-generation Telo hardware. As of December 2015, a report announces 117 commercial mobile HD Voice networks launched in 76 countries.[4] Wideband CodecFollowing are wideband codecs used in telecommunication [5] ITU-T
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References1. ^{{Cite web|url= http://gipscorp.com/blog/2009/04/13/answering-the-call-of-hd-voice/|title= Answering the call of HD Voice|accessdate=2009-09-06|publisher= Global IP Sound}} 2. ^https://developer.android.com/reference/android/media/MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.html 3. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cultofmac.com/190565/the-iphone-5-supports-hd-voice-but-youll-never-get-to-use-it-in-the-u-s/|title=The iPhone 5 Supports HD Voice, But You’ll Never Get To Use It In The U.S.|date=13 September 2012|author=Buster Hein}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gsacom.com/downloads/pdf/GSA_mobile_hd_voice_190914.php4 |title=Mobile HD Voice: Global Update report |publisher=GSA |date=2014-09-19 |accessdate=2014-09-24}} 5. ^{{cite web | publisher=TMCnet |url=http://blog.tmcnet.com/voice-of-ip/2010/04/which_wideband_codec_to_choose.html |title=Which wideband codec to choose? |accessdate=2012-11-13 }} External links
5 : Voice over IP|Wideband codecs|Digital audio|Signal processing|Telecommunications infrastructure |
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