“Willamette Iron and Steel Works”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Willamette Iron Works (also known as Willamette Iron and Steel Company or WISCO) was a general foundry and machine business established in 1865 in Portland, Oregon, originally specializing in the manufacture of steamboat boilers and engines.^[1] In 1904, the company changed its name to Willamette Iron and Steel Works, under which name it operated continually^[2] until its close in 1990.

The works was very busy during both World War I and World War II, building small naval auxiliaries, minesweepers, patrol craft, submarine chasers, and non-self-propelled lighters. These were built through WISCO's relationship with Henry Kaiser.^[3] The company built more than 70 ships during World War II, but they were smaller than those built by the three nearby Kaiser Shipyards.^[3] The ships were built on contract to the US and British governments.^[3]

Between the wars, the shipyard concentrated on building small commercial vessels.^[2] During the 1920s, the company manufactured a geared steam locomotive known as the "Willamette", a Shay-type locomotive for use in logging operations in Washington and Oregon. Between 1901 and 1931 Willamette built over 2500 steam donkeys for use in the logging industry.

During World War II Willamette assembled over 800 Russian gauge Baldwin steam locomotives and shipped them to Vladivostok. NW Front Ave. in Portland had a short distance of Russian gauge track for the engines to move from the engine house on the west side of Front to the loading dock on the east side of the street. These were shipped across the Pacific on USSR flagged ships, since the USSR and the Empire of Japan were not at war. A Porter 0-6-0 was bought from the US Government in Panama to switch the broad gauge track.

In the early 1970s, the company manufactured the first three turbine units for the third powerhouse to be built at Grand Coulee Dam.^[4]

The company also made fire hydrants for the city of Portland in the late 19th century.^[5]

In 1945, after World War II ended, Willamette Iron and Steel continued as mostly a ship repair facility. Over the years, business dropped as larger shipyards grew, and Willamette finally closed in 1990.

References

1. ^{{cite book | editor = Harvey Whitefield Scott | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = History of Portland Oregon With Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Prominent Citizens and Pioneers | publisher = D. Mason & Co. | year = 1890 | location = Syracuse, N. Y. | pages = 149, 571 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1hcPAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA6-PA733&dq=%22Willamette+Iron+Works%22&lr=&as_brr=1&ei=fRmNR8P9M4i0iQH9_K3eBA | doi = | id = | isbn = }}
2. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.coltoncompany.com/shipbldg/ussbldrs/wwii/navalshipbuilders/willamette.htm |title=Willamette Iron & Steel Corp., Portland OR |accessdate=2008-01-15 |publisher=Maritime Business Strategies, LLC |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071130063842/http://www.coltoncompany.com/shipbldg/ussbldrs/wwii/navalshipbuilders/willamette.htm |archivedate = 2007-11-30}}
3. ^¹²{{cite book|last=MacColl|first=E. Kimbark|title=The Growth of a City: Power and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1915-1950|year=1979|publisher=The Georgian Press|location=Portland, Oregon|isbn=0-9603408-1-5}}
4. ^{{cite news | first=William Joe | last=Simonds | coauthors= | title=Columbia Basin Project (2nd Draft) | year=1998 | publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation | url =http://www.usbr.gov/dataweb/projects/washington/columbiabasin/history.html | work = | pages = | accessdate = 2008-01-15 | language = |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071007113743/http://www.usbr.gov/dataweb/projects/washington/columbiabasin/history.html |archivedate = 2007-10-07}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.firehydrant.org/pictures/pdx_02.html |title=Portland Oregon Fire Hydrants |accessdate=2008-01-15 |last=McMillan |first=Allen |publisher=firehydrant.org }}