| 词条 | William Cauldwell |
| 释义 |
|name= William Cauldwell |image= William Cauldwell 1880s.jpg |alt= |caption= William Cauldwell, editor and publisher of the New York Sunday Mercury |birth_date= October 12, 1824 |death_date= {{death date and age|1907|12|02|1824|10|12}} |occupation= Newspaper editor |nationality= American |ethnicity= |genre= |subject= |movement= |notableworks= |influenced= |signature= |portaldisp= }} William Cauldwell (October 12, 1824 – December 2, 1907) was a 19th-century newspaper publisher of the New York Sunday Mercury. He has been called the "Father of Sunday Journalism", and also served in the New York State Senate. BiographyCauldwell was born in New York City on October 12, 1824, to Andrew and Margaret Ann Cauldwell.[1] At age 11, he left home to live with an uncle in St. Martinville, Louisiana and attended Jefferson College for three years. He then returned to New York, and after working for two years in a dry-goods store, got a job in the printing business under Samuel Adams.[2] Newspaper careerAfter Adams was murdered by John C. Colt, Cauldwell went to work at the New York Atlas (a Sunday only newspaper founded in 1838) around 1841, doing typesetting.[2] He became acquainted with Walt Whitman during that time,[4] and stayed at the Atlas until 1850.[3] In 1850, Cauldwell bought out Elbridge G. Paige's one-third ownership stake in the Sunday Mercury for $1,200.[4][5][6] Cauldwell expanded the paper and increased its coverage of literature, city news, and sports.[6] Sylvester Southworth and Horace P. Whitney (1834- August 24, 1884)[7] soon joined Cauldwell, and the paper prospered.[6] Cauldwell and the Mercury are credited as being the first newspaper to regularly cover the sport of baseball as news, starting in 1853 with a report on a game between the Knickerbockers and the Gothams.[8][9][10][11][12] The paper was the first to use the phrase "national pastime", in December 1856.[13] In 1858, Cauldwell hired rising star Henrick Chadwick, later dubbed the "father of baseball", to cover the sport for the paper.[14] Chadwick is more famous today, but Cauldwell was arguably the first major booster of baseball.[10] By 1876, Cauldwell had full ownership of the Mercury. In the early 1890s, however, the paper embarked an ill-fated plan to start up a daily edition. Losing money rapidly, Cauldwell apparently began to borrow funds from the estate of millionaire Jason Rogers, of which he was a co-trustee with his son-in-law Thomas Rogers, to try to keep the paper afloat.[15] Some sources reported that it was Jason Rogers' and Cauldwell's mutual grandson (also named Jason Rogers) who convinced Cauldwell to expand the paper in the first place.[15] In August 1894, Cauldwell gave up editorial control of the paper, with Jason Rogers stepping in as publisher and James F. Graham taking on the editorial duties.[16] The paper continued to lose money (reportedly about $2000 a week),[17] and in March 1895 Cauldwell sold the paper to William Noble in a somewhat unusual exchange, where he received a hotel called the Hotel Empire in exchange for the paper.[18][19] In 1901, Cauldwell returned to journalism as the editor of The Successful American.[20] Political careerCauldwell was a member of the New York State Senate (9th D.) from 1868 to 1871, sitting in the 91st, 92nd, 93rd and 94th New York State Legislatures. He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Westchester Co., 1st D.) in 1874.[1] He was Supervisor of The Bronx before it was annexed by New York City, and also served on the local board of education.[3][29] DeathCaudwell died on December 2, 1907 at his home on Madison Avenue.[21] The New York Tribune called him "the father of Sunday journalism."[22] He was buried at Woodlawn Cemetery.[10] PersonalCauldwell married Elizabeth Dyer on October 7, 1845, and had six children.[1][3] His son Leslie Giffin Cauldwell became a well-known artist and decorator.[23][24] His grandson Jason Rogers (son of his daughter Emily) started his publishing career at the Mercury under Cauldwell and had a successful career in the newspaper industry including with The New York Globe. LegacyCauldwell Avenue (named in 1916) and Cauldwell Playground (opened 1936, renamed the "Hilton White Playground" in 2009) in the Bronx were named in honor of Cauldwell.[25][26] Cauldwell built a summer house on Long Island, New York in 1892, known as the William Cauldwell House, that was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.[27] References1. ^1 2 [https://books.google.com/books?id=13JMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA237&dq=cauldwell#v=onepage&q=cauldwell&f=false The National cyclopaedia of American biography, Vol I], p.237-38 (1891) 2. ^1 {{cite book|title= Writing and fighting the Civil War: soldier correspondence to the New York Sunday Mercury|volume= 1 |first= Brian C. |last=Pohanka |editor =William B. Styple |publisher= Belle Grove Publishing|year= 2000|ISBN =978-1-883926-13-7| page=9}} 3. ^1 2 Scharf, J. Thomas. [https://books.google.com/books?id=EkgVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA626&dq=%22elizabeth+dyer+cauldwell%22&hl=en&ei=MmDnTIzFEYKclgenqK3TCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q&f=false History of Westchester county], p. 624-26 (1886) 4. ^1 Cauldwell, William (26 January 1901) [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50B14F73F5911738DDDAF0A94D9405B818CF1D3 Walt Whitman as a Young Man], The New York Times, Retrieved November 8, 2010 (letter to editor from Cauldwell which notes he met Walt Whitman while doing typesetting at the Atlas) 5. ^Scharf, J. Thomas. [https://archive.org/stream/historywestches00schagoog/historywestches00schagoog_djvu.txt History of Westchester County, New York] (1886) 6. ^1 2 Styple, William B. [https://www.amazon.com/Writing-Fighting-Civil-War-Correspondence/dp/1883926130#reader_1883926130 Writing & Fighting the Civil War: Soldier Correspondence to the New York Sunday Mercury], p. 9-11 (2000) ({{ISBN|978-1883926137}}) 7. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=9GkUAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA3-PA56&dq=%22new+york+sunday+mercury%22+whitney&hl=en&ei=D2jITPjeL8HflgfKj4H2Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%22new%20york%20sunday%20mercury%22%20whitney&f=false Mortuary Record, 1884 in Star Almanac], p.95 (1885) 8. ^Zoss, Joel & Bowman, John. [https://books.google.com/books?id=8zp59VpYuyIC&pg=RA1-PA1887&dq=onepage&q=New%20York%20Knickerbockers%20baseball%201853&f=false#v=snippet&q=New%20York%20Knickerbockers%20baseball%201853&f=false Diamonds in the Rough: The Untold History of Baseball], p. 59 (2004)({{ISBN|978-0803299207}}) (discussing different claims to who was "first" to cover baseball, noting that 1853 Mercury reports had been thought to be first in past baseball scholarship) 9. ^Mack, Connie (26 April 1950). [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=N7MyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4OsFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4028,2911605&dq=new-york-sunday-mercury&hl=en Lauds Press' Help To Sport], The Miami News, Retrieved November 1, 2010 10. ^1 2 Martinez, Jose (25 October 2000). Went to bat for baseball: Newspaperman behind game accounts, Daily News (New York), Retrieved November 1, 2010 11. ^(13 October 1957) [https://www.nytimes.com/1957/10/13/archives/new-york-end-of-an-era.html End of an era], The New York Times, Retrieved November 1, 2010 12. ^(1 July 1905) [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ftgUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=r7kDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6767,4452217&dq=sunday-mercury+baseball&hl=en Henry Chadwick: The Father of Baseball], The Spokesman-Review, Retrieved November 1, 2010 (citing Henry Chadwick as reporting that the Mercury was the first paper covering baseball, with Cauldwell regularly reporting on games played in New York City) 13. ^Tygiel, Jules. Past Time: Baseball As History, p.3 (Oxford University Press 2000)(Paperback, 2001, {{ISBN|978-0-19-514604-2}}) 14. ^Spink, Alfred Henry. [https://books.google.com/books?id=TV-t-HQE3uoC&pg=PA356&dq=%22sunday%20mercury%22%20baseball%20cauldwell&f=false#v=onepage&q=%22sunday%20mercury%22%20baseball%20cauldwell&f=false The national game], p. 356 (1911) 15. ^1 (12 May 1898) A Heavy Fine: Thomas Rogers Goes To Jail in Default, The Evening Times (Washington, D.C.), Retrieved November 2, 2010 16. ^(1 August 1894) [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0613FC3E5515738DDDA80894D0405B8485F0D3 The Mercury Under A New Manager], The New York Times, Retrieved November 1, 2010 17. ^Douglas, George H. [https://books.google.com/books?id=rR5-Z0GI_5wC&pg=PA120&dq=20ochs%20mercury&f=false#v=onepage&q&f=false The Golden Age of the newspaper], p.120 (Greenwood 1999) ({{ISBN|978-0313310775}}) 18. ^(20 March 1895) [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1895/03/20/105978288.pdf In the Real Estate Field ... Exchange of the Hotel Empire], The New York Times, Retrieved November 4, 2010 19. ^(10 November 1897) Accused by Sisters-In-Law, The Evening Times (Washington, D.C.), Retrieved November 2, 2010 20. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=cGpMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA517&lpg=PA517#v=onepage&q&f=false Something About Ourselves], The Successful American (Sept-Oct 1891) 21. ^1 (3 December 1907) [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9905E7DF113EE033A25750C0A9649D946697D6CF&scp=7&sq=%22sunday+mercury%22&st=p Ex-Senator Cauldwell Dead Former Owner of The Mercury and The Successful American], The New York Times 22. ^(3 December 1907) Ex-Senator William Cauldwell, New York Tribune, Retrieved November 2, 2010 23. ^(4 June 1941). [https://www.nytimes.com/1941/06/04/archives/leslie-g-cauldwell-american-artist-well-known-as-decorator-dies-in.html LESLIE G. CAULDWELL; American Artist, Well Known as Decorator, Dies in Paris], The New York Times 24. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=2qsYAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA432#v=onepage&q&f=false National cyclopaedia of American biography, Volume 3], p. 432-33 (1893) 25. ^Hilton White Playground, nycgovparks.com, Retrieved August 15, 2011 26. ^McNamara, John. [https://books.google.com/books?id=7rF4AAAAMAAJ&q=%22cauldwell+avenue%22+%22william+cauldwell%22&dq=%22cauldwell+avenue%22+%22william+cauldwell%22&hl=en&ei=O9DmTLbyN4P7lwfTqri3Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAQ History in asphalt: the origin of Bronx street and place names, Borough of the Bronx, New York City], p.41 (1978) ("CAULDWELL AVENUE. It was once called Woodlawn Street and later mapped as Park Street as it led to St. Mary's Park. It was named in 1916 for Senator William Cauldwell, who was head of the Board of Education and who worked for annexation") 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/listings/20090904.htm|title=National Register of Historic Places|date=2009-05-15|work=WEEKLY LIST OF ACTIONS TAKEN ON PROPERTIES: 5/04/09 THROUGH 5/08/09|publisher=National Park Service}} See also
9th District | years = 1868–1871 | after = William H. Robertson}}{{s-par|us-ny-hs}}{{succession box | title = New York State Assembly Westchester County, 1st District | before = William Herring | years = 1874 | after = Dennis R. Shiel }}{{s-end}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cauldwell, William}} 5 : 1824 births|1907 deaths|19th-century American newspaper editors|Members of the New York State Assembly|New York state senators |
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