| 词条 | Neofolk |
| 释义 |
| bgcolor = goldenrod | color = white | name = Neofolk | other_names =
| stylistic_origins =
| cultural_origins = 1980s, England | instruments = | popularity = Minor, mainly Europe | derivatives = Martial industrial | subgenrelist = List of folk music genres | subgenres = | fusiongenres = | regional_scenes = | other_topics =
}}Neofolk, also known as post-industrial or apocalyptic folk, is a form of experimental music blending elements of folk and industrial music, which emerged in punk rock circles in the 1980s.[1] Neofolk may either be solely acoustic or combine acoustic folk instrumentation with various other sounds.[2] HistoryThe term "neofolk" originates from esoteric music circles who started using the term in the late 20th century to describe music influenced by musicians such as Douglas Pearce (Death In June), Tony Wakeford (Sol Invictus) and David Tibet (Current 93).[2]{{Citation needed|date = November 2009}} Anglo-American folk music with similar sounds and themes to neofolk existed as far back as the 1960s.[2] Folk musicians such as Vulcan's Hammer, Changes, Leonard Cohen, and Comus could be considered harbingers of the sound that later influenced the neofolk artists. Also the later explorations of Velvet Underground's band members, specifically those of Lou Reed, have been called a major influence to what later became neofolk.[1] CultureA majority of artists within the neofolk genre focus on archaic, cultural and literary references. Local traditions and indigenous beliefs tend to be portrayed heavily as well as esoteric and historical topics.[2] Various forms of neopaganism and occultism play a part in the themes touched upon by many modern and original neofolk artists. Runic alphabets, heathen European sites and other means of expressing an interest in the ancient and ancestral occurs often in neofolk music. Aesthetically, references to this subject occur within band names, album artwork, clothing and various other means of artistic expression. This has led to some forefathers of the genre and current artists within the genre attributing it to being an aspect of a broader neopagan revival.[3] Related terms and stylesApocalyptic folkAs a descriptor, apocalyptic folk predates neofolk and was used by David Tibet to describe the music of his band Current 93 during a period in the late 1980s and early 1990s.[4] Initially, Tibet did not intend to imply connection with the folk music genre; rather, that Current 93 was made by "apocalyptic folk[s]": in other words, apocalyptic people.[5] Tibet and Current 93 did dabble in covers of traditional English folk song and Tibet himself was a great advocate for reclusive English folk singer Shirley Collins. Folk noirOther vague terms sometimes used to describe artists of this genre include "dark folk" and "pagan folk". These terms are umbrella terms that also describe various other forms of unrelated music.{{ref}} Martial industrial{{Main|Martial industrial}}Martial industrial or military pop is a genre that shares a lot in common with neofolk and developed very close to it.[6] Notable artists{{Div col|colwidth=18em}}
References1. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Exploring the Networked Worlds of Popular Music |first=Peter |last=Webb |publisher= Routledge|year=2007 |isbn=9780415956581 |chapter=Neo-Folk or Postindustrial Music |url=https://books.google.com/?id=bURqJRy4KsMC&pg=PA60 |quote=One milieu to develop out of Punk was the scene that later became known as either apocalyptic folk, postindustrial, or later neo-folk.}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite book|title=Die Welt der Gothics: Spielräume düster konnotierter Transzendenz [The World of the Goths: Scopes of a darkly-connoted Transcendence] |language=German |first=Klaus |last=Neumann-Braun |first2=Axel |last2=Schmidt |publisher=VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften | year=2008 |edition=2nd |isbn=3-531-15880-5 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=0ykjKReN-ygC&pg=PA280 |page=280 }} 3. ^"I'm very happy about that because I see Death In June as part of a European cultural revival. I'm pleased that the Old Gods are being resurrected, for want of a better word. Old symbols. I feel very pleased that I am a part of that process and that I have had influence. At this stage in the game, so to speak, it's not false modesty to say that I am content with my influence." Powell, Erin. Interview with Douglas Pearce {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018080254/http://deathinjune.org/modules/mediawiki/index.php/Interview%3A2005-Heathen_Harvest |date=2007-10-18 }}, 2005. 4. ^{{Cite book|title=The Apocalypse Is Everywhere: A Popular History of America's Favorite Nightmare |first=Anne |last=Rehill |publisher=Greenwood Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=0-313-35438-3 |page=205 |url=http://www.google.com/search?hl=de&q=Hall+of+Sermon#q=Neofolk&hl=en&tbm=bks&ei=E5QMT-P4E87tsgb0--3lBA&start=40&sa=N&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&fp=4925f700bfe318b3&biw=1280&bih=649}} 5. ^"The Apocalyptic Visions of Current 93" 6. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=zhDVUt-UdwoC&pg=PA133 |title=Interdisziplinäres Kolloquium zur Geschlechterforschung: Die Beiträge [Interdisciplinary Colloquium on Gender Research: the Contributions] |editor-first=Ilse |editor-last=Nagelschmidt |editor2-first=Kristin |editor2-last=Wojke |editor3-first=Britta |editor3-last=Borrego |first=Dunja |last=Brill |chapter=Transgression ohne Queer – die Inszenierung martialischer Männlichkeit als 'Anti-Drag' in der Industrial- und Extreme Metal-Szene [Transgression without 'Queer' – the Staging of martial Masculinity as being 'Anti-Drag' in the Industrial and Extreme Metal Scene] |page=133 |language=German |publisher=Peter Lang}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fluxeuropa.com/review.htm?item=73|publisher=FluxEuropa|title=Ataraxia|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210223831/http://fluxeuropa.com/review.htm?item=73|archivedate=2009-02-10|df=}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.slugmag.com/national-music-reviews/the-black-heart-rebellion/|title=Review: The Black Heart Rebellion – People, when you see the smoke, do not think it is the fields they are burning|last=Smith|first=Nic|publisher=SLUG|date=4 December 2015|accessdate=5 March 2019}} 9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Schmidt, Axel; Neumann-Braun, Klaus: Die Welt der Gothics. Spielräume düster konnotierter Transzendenz., Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften 2004, {{ISBN|3-531-14353-0}}, p. 277 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.deathinjune.org/wiki/index.php?title=Interview:2005-Heathen_Harvest|last=Powell|first=Erin|title=Interview with Douglas Pearce|publisher=Death in June|date=April 9, 2005}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.heathenharvest.com/article.php?story=20041214074444112&query=harvest+rain|publisher=Heathen Harvest|title=Interviews:Harvest Rain}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fluxeuropa.com/mn0006-tmlhbac.htm|publisher=FluxEuropa|title=The Moon lay hidden beneath a Cloud|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091209021826/http://www.fluxeuropa.com/mn0006-tmlhbac.htm|archivedate=2009-12-09|df=}} 13. ^{{cite web |last1=Roy |first1=Sanjoy |title=The Seafarers Review – A Lyrical Ode to the Ocean |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2018/may/27/the-seafarers-review-norfolk-and-norwich-festival |website=The Guardian |deadurl=no |accessdate=2018-09-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527143348/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2018/may/27/the-seafarers-review-norfolk-and-norwich-festival |archivedate=2018-05-27}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=277&letter=N|title=Nest|publisher=Darktronica|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003092649/http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=277&letter=N|archivedate=2011-10-03|df=}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.northern-gothics.de/prod_joomla/index.php/rezensionen/848-oniric-cabaret-syndrome|title=Oniric Cabaret Syndrome|publisher=Northern Gothics}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=308&letter=O|title=Ordo Rosarius Equilibrio|publisher=Darktronica|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201004225/http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=308&letter=O|archivedate=2008-12-01|df=}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.blauenarzisse.de/v3/index.php/rezension/38-neofolk--mehr-als-nur-eine-musikrichtung|title=Neofolk – mehr als nur eine Musikrichtung|language=German|first=Martin|last=Schurmann|date=April 1, 2006|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119010614/http://www.blauenarzisse.de/v3/index.php/rezension/38-neofolk--mehr-als-nur-eine-musikrichtung|archivedate=January 19, 2010|df=}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=322|title=Rome|publisher=Darktronica|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003092804/http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=322|archivedate=2011-10-03|df=}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.heathenharvest.com/article.php?story=20060124150409459|publisher=Heathen Harvest|title=Sonne Hagal Interview|date=January 23, 2006}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=357&letter=S|title=Spiritual Front|publisher=Darktronica|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003092823/http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=357&letter=S|archivedate=2011-10-03|df=}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=276&letter=T|title=Tenhi|publisher=Darktronica|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003092843/http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=276&letter=T|archivedate=2011-10-03|df=}} Further reading
2 : Neofolk|English styles of music |
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