| 词条 | William Fortescue, 1st Earl of Clermont |
| 释义 |
William Henry Fortescue, 1st Earl of Clermont KP (5 August 1722 – 30 September 1806) was an Irish peer and politician. OriginsHe was the eldest son of Thomas Fortescue (1683–1769), a Member of Parliament for Dundalk. His younger brother was James Fortescue, MP and Privy Counsellor. CareerHe served as High Sheriff of Louth in 1746. He represented Louth in the Irish House of Commons from 1745 to 1760 and subsequently Monaghan Borough from 1761 to 1770. In 1768 he sat briefly as Member of Parliament for Dundalk before opting to sit for Monaghan Borough, for which he had also been elected. He was appointed Governor and Custos Rotulorum of County Monaghan for life in 1775, standing down just before his death in 1806. He was created Earl of Clermont in 1777 and a Knight Founder of the Order of St Patrick on 30 March 1795.[2] He was a francophile and it is believed on that account he selected Clermont as the name of his earldom.[3] He had horseracing interests and his racing silks were all crimson.[4] He was known in racing circles as the Father of the Turf and won the Derby with his horse Aimwell.[5] He had a country estate in Norfolk and his London townhouse was 44 Berkeley Square in Mayfair, which he purchased after the death of its builder, Lady Isabella Finch (1700-1771), the 7th daughter of Daniel Finch, 7th Earl of Winchilsea, 2nd Earl of Nottingham. In the early 1960s it became the home of the Clermont Club, an exclusive gambling club, and its basement and garden is still occupied today by the exclusive nightclub Annabel's.[3] Marriage & progenyHe married Frances Cairnes Murray, a daughter and co-heiress of Colonel John Murray, MP for County Monaghan, by whom he had an only daughter:
Death, burial & successionHe died aged 85 at Brighton[6] on 29 September 1806, without male progeny, and was buried at Little Cressingham Church in Norfolk, in which parish was situated Clermont Lodge (now Clermont Hall), his shooting lodge. As he died without male progeny his Earldom of Clermont and 1770 Barony of Clermont became extinct whilst his Viscountcy and 1776 Barony of Clermont were inherited by his nephew William Charles Fortescue, who had been MP for Louth (Parliament of Ireland constituency) and then Louth (UK Parliament constituency) since 1796. Monument in St Andrew's Church, Little CressinghamA mural monument survives in St Andrew's Church, Little Cressingham, inscribed as follows:[7] Near this place lyeth the body of William Henry Fortescue Viscount Clermont, and Earl of Clermont in Ireland, who departed this life on the 29th day of September, 1806, in the 85th year of his age. This monument is erected in obedience to his will by his executor William Charles Fortescue, now Viscount Clermont, who was in Ireland at the time of his decease. References1. ^Original painting owned in 1864 by Thomas Fortescue, 1st Baron Clermont (1815–1887) (Clermont, Lord (Thomas Fortescue), History of the Family of Fortescue in all its Branches, (first published 1869) 2nd edition London, 1880[https://archive.org/stream/historyoffamilyo00cler/historyoffamilyo00cler_djvu.txt], image opposite p.211[https://archive.org/stream/historyoffamilyo00cler#page/n315/mode/2up]) {{s-start}}{{s-par|ie}}{{s-bef| before = Henry Bellingham}}{{s-ttl| title = Member of Parliament for Louth2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.leighrayment.com/orders/patrick.htm|title=Knights of the Order of St Patrick|last=Rayment|first=Leigh|accessdate=2008-12-13}} 3. ^1 44 Berkeley Square, A Commentary by Lord Kinross Illustrated by Adrian Daintrey, London, 1962 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Weatherby|first=Edward and James|journal=Racing Calendar|title=COLOURS WORN BY THE RIDERS OF THE FOLLOWING NOBLEMEN, GENTLEMEN, &c.|year=1801|volume=28|page=52|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=jeMNAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en_GB&pg=GBS.PP1}} 5. ^Kinross, Lord 6. ^Clermont, Lord (Thomas Fortescue), History of the Family of Fortescue in all its Branches, (first published 1869) 2nd edition London, 1880, p.213[https://archive.org/stream/historyoffamilyo00cler/historyoffamilyo00cler_djvu.txt] 7. ^Lord Clermont, 1880, p.214 | with = Henry Bellingham 1745–1755 | with2 = Thomas Tipping 1755–1761 | years = 1745–1760 }}{{s-aft| after = Anthony Foster James Fortescue }}{{s-bef| before = William Blair Oliver Anketell }}{{s-ttl| title = Member of Parliament for Monaghan Borough | with = Richard Dawson 1761–1767 | with2 = Richard Power 1767–1768 | with3 = Robert Cuninghame 1768–1771 | years = 1761–1770 }}{{s-aft| after = Henry Westenra Robert Cuninghame }}{{s-reg|ie}}{{s-new|rows=2|creation}}{{s-ttl|title=Earl of Clermont| years=1777–1806}}{{s-non|reason=Extinct}} |-{{s-ttl|title=Viscount Clermont| years=1776–1806}}{{s-aft|after=William Fortescue}}{{s-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Clermont, William Fortescue, 1st Earl Of}} 14 : 1722 births|1806 deaths|Earls in the Peerage of Ireland|Irish MPs 1727–60|Irish MPs 1761–68|Irish MPs 1769–76|Knights of St Patrick|Owners of Epsom Derby winners|High Sheriffs of County Louth|Members of the Privy Council of Ireland|Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Louth constituencies|Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Monaghan constituencies|Fortescue family|Peers of Ireland created by George III |
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