| 词条 | William Huntington (preacher) |
| 释义 |
| name = William Huntington S.S. | image = William Huntington by Domenico Pellegrini.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = William Huntington by Domenico Pellegrini | birth_date = 2 February 1745 | birth_place = Four Wents, Cranbrook, Kent | death_date = 1 July 1813 | death_place = Tunbridge Wells, Kent | education = Dencen Free Grammar School | occupation = Preacher and coalheaver | spouse = Mary Short (1769–1806) Lady Elizabeth Sanderson (1808–1813) | parents = Elizabeth Hunt and Barnabus Russel | children = John Fever }}William Huntington S.S. (2 February 1745 – 1 July 1813) was an English preacher and coalheaver.[1] He is said to have preached that the "moral law" was unnecessary, a theological view known as Antinomianism.[2] Huntington was a strict Calvinist who believed some were predestined to be saved and some were not.[3] He was also convinced that he would be identified as a true prophet on Judgment Day.[3] His unusual, polemical style of preaching and writing made him popular but brought conflicts with other preachers throughout his life.[3] He founded or opened chapels throughout England, many of which survive.[3] BiographyWilliam Huntington was born in 1745 near Cranbrook in Kent, and was given the name William Hunt at his baptism there five years later. It is said that his father was Barnabus Russel – his mother's husband's employer – despite his mother's marriage to William Hunt.[3] He was the tenth child of Elizabeth Hunt and the only male to achieve maturity.[4] He had an unsuccessful romance with Susannah Fever, from which a child was born. He left the Kent area and changed his name. Now William Huntington he was free from his financial obligation, but not his conscience.[3][4] He changed his surname to Huntington in 1769, his rationale was that the "-ing" represented the present participle in words representing sinful activities, such as "stealing" and "swearing", and "ton" referred to his being "a vessel of the Lord".[3] Later that year, he married Mary Short, a servant, they moved to Mortlake in Surrey and Huntington resumed his gardening work. Nevertheless, he was still very poor.[3] He did attend a number of schools, but it was always as a result of charity. He said himself that he was frequently hungry.[5] He was the son of a farmworker and he undertook work that was unskilled or semi-skilled, such as driving hearses and coaches, gardening and heaving coal. He also spent some time as a tramp.[3] In 1773, Huntington and his wife moved to Sunbury-on-Thames in Middlesex. Soon afterwards he reported that he had been contacted by Christ. The vision, which appeared as a bright light from which Christ's bloodied body emerged, told him that he was brought under the covenant love of God's elect.[3] He became dissatisfied with his existing religious beliefs, and began to associate with Baptists, Methodists and Calvinists in various Surrey and Middlesex towns. He became known locally for his Biblical knowledge and preaching, and he established his first congregation at Thames Ditton in Surrey, where he was a Baptist. He then had an independent group in Woking, also in Surrey.[3][6] By the 1780s, Huntington preached at a large circuit of chapels across Surrey, Sussex and London,[3] for example, he was involved in the early days of Bugby Chapel, a Calvinistic chapel founded in 1779 in Epsom.[7] His ongoing poverty, exacerbated by the loss of his coalheaving job, forced him to walk long distances every week. He controversially claimed that Divine Providence alleviated his poverty at this time by occasionally supplying money, food and a horse.[3] In 1782, he received another message – prophesy upon the thick boughs – and moved to London,[6] where he established a chapel on Titchfield Street. Providence Chapel was consecrated in 1783, and became very popular: hundreds or sometimes thousands of people attended his ministry, including Princess Amelia and members of the nobility—although Huntington himself preferred preaching to poorer people.[3] His preaching style was evangelising, and he was known for preaching that the so-called moral law was the "ministration of condemnation" (2 Corinthians 3:9) rather than the rule of life for believers, for which he was accused of Antinomianism, among others by the Baptists John Rylands and Maria De Fleury.[8][2] Huntington has been identified as the "most egregious" proponent of Antinomianism.[9] Huntington’s "Broken Cistern" gives his views about Antinomianism:
The following quotation, from Huntington's sermon "Moses Unveiled in the Face of Christ", is another example of Huntington's views of Antinomianism.
During his time in London, Huntington's reputation grew, and he opened chapels elsewhere. In 1805 he was invited to be the preacher at a new chapel in Lewes in Sussex. Jireh Chapel had been founded by Jenkin Jenkins, who had left his previous church in the town after a dispute with the congregation.[12] Huntington, who had already added "S.S." to his own name to indicate that he was a sinner who was saved,[29] added "W.A." to Jenkins' name, which he said stood for "Welsh Ambassador".[3] Elsewhere, Huntington founded four chapels in the East Midlands in 1806, the Providence Chapel in Chichester—whose interior was installed in 1809,[13] and which is still extant as of 2009—and another chapel in Bristol the following year.[3] Huntington and his wife lived in the Paddington area of London at first, but as their wealth grew they were able to move to a large villa in nearby Cricklewood. Mary, with whom Huntington had 13 children, died on 9 December 1806. Huntington then married the former Lady Elizabeth Sanderson (widow of Sir James Sanderson bt a former Lord Mayor of London) in 1808, they had become romantically linked six years earlier, which had displeased some of his friends and members of his congregation. Lady Sanderson, who continued to use that name after marriage, died in 1817.[3] In 1810, the Providence Chapel in Titchfield Street burnt down. Huntington, who by this time was wealthy, raised about £10,000 (£{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|10000|1810|r=-3}}}} as of {{CURRENTISOYEAR}}){{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}} to build a new, larger chapel. St Bartholomew's church, or the New Providence Chapel, held its first service on 20 June 1811.[3][14] Huntington died in 1813, after which various preachers tried to take on St Bartholomew's. (The church was finally destroyed during the bombing of London in the Second World War.[14]) Huntington was buried at the Jireh chapel in Lewes beside Jenkin Jenkins who had died in 1810.[13] The inscription, which he composed only a few days before he died,[13] reads "Here lies the coalheaver who departed his life July 1st 1813 in the 69th year of his age, beloved of his God but abhorred of men. The omniscient Judge at the grand assize shall ratify and confirm this to the confusion of many thousands, for England and its metropolis will know that there has been a prophet amongst them."[15] WritingsHuntington was a prolific writer and publisher of religious tracts, polemics, sermons and other pieces. His works and letters continued to be published after his death.[3]
References1. ^William Huntington, National Portrait Gallery, London, accessed September 2009 2. ^1 [https://books.google.com/books?id=S-kKWdygdjsC&pg=PA188 The life and thought of John Gill (1697–1771): a tercentennial appreciation], John Gill, Michael A. G. Haykin 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 {{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/14243|title=Oxford DNB article: Huntington, William|last=Brant|first=Clare|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/14243|work=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|publisher=Oxford University Press|accessdate=2015-08-28}} {{ODNBsub}} 4. ^1 William Huntington S.S. or Parson Sack, By Ian R. K. Paisley, ianpaisley.org, accessed August 2015 5. ^Life of the author, William Huntington, Williamhuntington.net, accessed October 2010 6. ^1 [https://books.google.com/books?id=lpm8UWfehQgC&pg=PA6 Witness against the beast: William Blake and the moral law], E. P. Thompson, accessed September 2009 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.epsomandewellhistoryexplorer.org.uk/BugbyChapel.html|title=Bugby Chapel|last=Bouchard|first=Brian|year=2010|publisher=Epsom & Ewell Local & Family History Centre|work=Epsom and Ewell History Explorer|accessdate=19 August 2013|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6GxRNFGar|archivedate=28 May 2013|deadurl=no}} 8. ^Emma Major, "Fleury, Maria de (fl. 1773–1791)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, UK: OUP, 2004) Retrieved 29 July 2016. 9. ^John Cannon. antinomianism, The Oxford Companion to British History. Oxford University Press. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 17 September 2009. 10. ^{{cite book|last=Huntingdon|first=William|title=The broken cistern, and the springing well: or, The difference between head notions, and heart religion .p.100|year=1800|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FvsCAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA100 }} 11. ^{{cite book|last=Huntington, S.S.|first=William|title=The Select Works of the late William Huntington, S.S pp. 557–58.|year=1856|url=https://books.google.com/ebooks/reader?printsec=frontcover&output=reader&retailer_id=android_market_live&id=lpUCAAAAQAAJ}} 12. ^{{cite book|last=Stell|first=Christopher|title=Seeing Beyond the Word: Visual Arts and the Calvinist Tradition|editor=Paul Corbey Finney|page=79|publisher=William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company|location=Grand Rapids|year=1999|isbn=0-8028-3860-X|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C8vYRVoqzf4C&pg=PA80 }} 13. ^1 2 [https://books.google.com/books?id=J5vu4iBo1MMC&pg=PA177&dq=Jireh+chapel+lewes+1805#v=onepage&q=Jireh%20chapel%20lewes%201805&f=false Liturgical Space: Christian Worship and Church Buildings in Western Europe], Nigel Yates, accessed September 2009 14. ^1 2 'The Calthorpe Estate', Survey of London: volume 24: The parish of St Pancras part 4: King’s Cross Neighbourhood (1952), pp. 56–69. url Date accessed: 17 September 2009 15. ^1 2 3 [https://books.google.com/books?id=C8vYRVoqzf4C&pg=PA80 Seeing beyond the word: visual arts and the Calvinist tradition], Paul Corby Finney, p80, accessed September 2009 Further reading
External links{{Commons category|William Huntington}}
4 : 1745 births|1813 deaths|People from Cranbrook, Kent|English Calvinist and Reformed Christians |
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