“William Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

William Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu ({{circa}} 1285 – 18 October 1319) (alias de Montagu, de Montacute, Latinized to de Monte Acuto ("from the sharp mountain")), was an English peer, and an eminent soldier and courtier during the reigns of Edward I and Edward II. He played a significant role in the wars in Scotland and Wales, and was appointed steward of the household to Edward II. Perhaps as a result of the influence of his enemy, Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, Edward II sent him to Gascony as Seneschal in 1318. He died there in October of the following year.

Origins

William Montagu was born in about 1285, the son and heir of Simon de Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu (d. 26 September 1316), by either his first wife, Hawise de St Amand (died 1287), daughter of Amaury de St Amand, or his second wife, Isabel, whose parentage is unknown.{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=80}} The Montagu family was of Norman origin, later prominent in the West Country of England.^[2] They held extensive lands in Somerset, Dorset and Devon.^[3] From his father's inquisition post mortem, he is known to have had two brothers, John Montagu and Simon Montagu.{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=80}}

Career

Montagu spent a great part of his life serving in the wars in Scotland, Wales and on the continent. He distinguished himself in the First War of Scottish Independence,{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=80}} having been summoned for feudal military service in 1301 and placed in charge of shipping for the war in March 1303.{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=80}}{{sfn|Gross|2004}} In 1304 he was with King Edward I at the Siege of Stirling Castle.{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=80}} In the same year he and his uncle, Amaury de St Amand, were imprisoned in the Tower of London for an alleged offence for which he was soon acquitted.{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=80}} On 22 May 1306 he and others were knighted by King Edward I (1272–1307), together with the king's son the Prince of Wales and future King Edward II (1307–1327).{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=80}}{{sfn|Gross|2004}} In February 1307 he and his father served together in Scotland,{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=80}} and in 1309 he took part in the first tournament at Dunstable in which he bore the arms Argent, three fusils conjoined in fess gules, as recorded in the Dunstable Roll.^[4]{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=80}} In 1311 he was appointed to survey the defences of Hastings Castle and other castles,{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=80}} and on 29 September 1311 was placed in charge of Berkhamstead Castle.{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=80}} In 1314 he was appointed Keeper of Berwick Castle.{{sfn|Gross|2004}}

In May 1313 he attended King Edward II and his wife Isabella of France when they travelled to France to pay a state visit to King Philip IV, and in the same year and in 1314 served again in Scotland. In February 1316 he played a leading part in suppressing a rebellion in Glamorgan by Llywelyn Bren (died 1318),{{sfn|Gross|2004}}{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=81}} and in July 1316 was sent to Bristol to settle grievances between the town's burgesses and Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere (died 1322), Constable of Bristol Castle.{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=81}}{{sfn|Gross|2004}} In reward for his services, in August 1316 he was granted the marriage of the king's ward Joan de Verdun, daughter and heiress of Theobald de Verdun,{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=81}} whom he married-off the following year to his younger son, John Montagu (d. August 1317).{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=81}}{{sfn|Gross|2004}} In November 1316 he was appointed Steward of the Household to King Edward II, a position which was accompanied by the grant, on 13 January 1317, of an annuity of 200 marks which he received until June 1317, when in lieu of the annuity the king granted him for life, as "King's Bachelor", several manors, including Gravesend in Kent and Kingsbury in Somerset. On 26 September 1317 the King granted him licence to crenellate his mansion house at Cassington in Oxfordshire.{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=81}} He was summoned by writ to Parliament from 20 November 1317, where he was one of the majores barones in the king's party.{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=81}}

In August 1318 he was appointed Keeper of Abingdon Abbey.{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=81}} However, on 20 November 1318 Edward II sent him to Gascony as Seneschal, {{sfn|Cokayne|1936|pp=81–2}} and he was replaced as Steward of the Household by Bartholomew de Badlesmere.{{sfn|Gross|2004}} According to Gross, "this was almost certainly a concession to Thomas of Lancaster, who had accused Montagu of combining with Roger Damory to plot against his life, a factor which delayed his reconciliation with the King".{{sfn|Gross|2004}}

Marriage and children

In about 1292 he married Elizabeth de Montfort (died August 1354), daughter of Peter de Montfort (died before 4 March 1287) (son of Peter de Montfort of Beaudesert Castle by Alice Audley{{sfn|Gross|2004}}) by his wife Maud de la Mare, daughter and heiress of Sir Henry de la Mare (died 1257), of Ashtead, Surrey, Hinton (in Hurst), Diddenham (in Shinfield), Farley Hill, and Sheepbridge (in Swallowfield), Berkshire, Justice and Seneschal to William Longespée, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, by his wife Joan Neville (daughter of Sir John Neville of Essex by his wife Hawise de Courtenay, daughter of Robert de Courtenay (died 1242),^[6] feudal baron of Okehampton in Devon]).^[7]{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|pp=82, 123-8}}{{sfn|Wigram|1896|p=9}}

Elizabeth de Montfort survived her husband and remarried to Sir Thomas Furnivall (d. before 18 April 1332) of Sheffield, who was pardoned and fined £200 on 8 June 1322 for marrying her, a widow of a tenant-in-chief, without royal licence.{{sfn|Cokayne|1926|p=582}}{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=82}} Furnivall's son, Thomas Furnivall (d. October 1339), had married Joan de Verdun (d. 2 October 1334), widow of Elizabeth's eldest son, John Montagu.{{sfn|Cokayne|1926|pp=583–4}}{{sfn|Gross|2004}} Elizabeth died in August 1354, and was buried in the Priory of St Frideswide, Oxford (now Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford), where her tomb still exists in the Latin chapel.{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=82}}

Sons

Daughters

Death and burial

Montagu died in Gascony on 18 October 1319. His place of burial is unknown.{{sfn|Cokayne|1936|p=82}}^[14] It may be at Bisham Priory.

Succession

Montagu was succeeded by his second son, William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury, who was closely associated with King Edward III, and was created Earl of Salisbury.{{sfn|Ormrod|2004}}

Notes

1. ^As shown in the Dering Roll (1270/80), no 83 "Peres de Muntfort (Piers de Montfort)"
2. ^Gross, 2004
3. ^{{cite journal |last=Douch |first=R. |year=1951 |title=The career, lands and family of William Montague, Earl of Salisbury, 1301–44 |journal=Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research |location=London |volume=24 |page=85 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-2281.1951.tb00382.x}}
4. ^https://books.google.com/books?id=7AonAAAAMAAJ&dq=Argent+three+lozenges+in+fess+gules&source=gbs_navlinks_s Foster, Joseph, Feudal Coats of Arms from Heraldic Rolls 1298-1418, J. Parker & Company, 1902, p. 171.
5. ^Dering Roll, no.83
6. ^Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, pp. 243–4, pedigree of Courtenay
7. ^Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 2nd Edition...page 28, by Douglas Richardson; https://books.google.ca/books?isbn=1461045207
8. ^Katherine is not mentioned in the St Frideswide cartulary.
9. ^Burls, Robin J., Society, Economy and Lordship in Devon in the Age of the First Courtenay Earls, c.1297-1377, PhD thesis, University of Oxford, 2002, p. 135 Retrieved 21 October 2013.
10. ^¹[https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1549/1/STURMANBarkingAbbey1961.pdf Sturman, Winnifred M., Barking Abbey: A Study in its External and Internal Administration from the Conquest to the Dissolution, PhD thesis, University of London, 1961, pp. 375, 382, 400-1, 404] Retrieved 21 October 2013.
11. ^Dauntsey, Sir John (died 1391), of Dauntsey, Wiltshire, History of Parliament Retrieved 22 October 2013.
12. ^'Norton Bavant', A History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume 8: Warminster, Westbury and Whorwellsdown Hundreds (1965), pp. 47-58 Retrieved 22 October 2013.
13. ^'Parishes: Fifield Bavant', A History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume 13: South-west Wiltshire: Chalke and Dunworth hundreds (1987), pp. 60-66 Retrieved 22 October 2013.
14. ^Gross states that he died at the end of October.

References

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