| 词条 | Nereu Ramos | |||
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix=His Excellency |name =Nereu Ramos |nationality =Brazilian |image =Nereu.gif |term_start =11 November 1955 |term_end =30 January 1956 |predecessor =Carlos Luz |successor =Juscelino Kubitschek |birth_name =Nereu de Oliveira Ramos |birth_date ={{birth date|1888|9|3|df=y}} |birth_place =Lages, Santa Catarina, Empire of Brazil |death_date ={{death date and age|1958|5|16|1888|9|3|mf=y}} |death_place =São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil |spouse = Beatriz Paranhos |children = 4 |party =Social Democratic Party |order =20th |office =President of Brazil |vicepresident =None |order2 =12th |office2 =Vice President of Brazil |term_start2 =19 September 1946 |term_end2 =30 January 1951 |president2 =Eurico Gaspar Dutra |predecessor2 =Fernando de Melo Viana |successor2 =Café Filho{{Collapsed infobox section begin|Other positions}} |order3 =Minister of Justice and Interior Affairs |term_start3 =31 January 1956 |term_end3 =4 November 1957 |president3 =Juscelino Kubitschek |predecessor3 =Meneses Pimentel |successor3 =Eurico Sales |order4 =Minister of Education |term_start4 =3 October 1956 |term_end4 =4 November 1956 |president4 =Juscelino Kubitschek |predecessor4 =Celso Brant |successor4 =Clóvis da Gama |order5 =President of the Chamber of Deputies |term_start5 =12 March 1951 |term_end5 =1 February 1955 |predecessor5 =Carlos Cirilo Júnior |successor5 =Carlos Luz |order7 =Federal Intervenor in Santa Catarina |term_start7 =16 November 1937 |term_end7 =6 November 1945 |appointer7 =Getúlio Vargas |predecessor7 =Position established |successor7 =Luís Gallotti |order8 =13th Governor of Santa Catarina |term_start8 =1 May 1935 |term_end8 =16 November 1937 |predecessor8 =Aristiliano Ramos |successor8 =Aderbal Ramos da Silva{{Collapsed infobox section end}} |signature =Assinatura de Nereu Ramos.svg }} Nereu de Oliveira Ramos ({{IPA-pt|neˈrew dʒi oliˈvejrɐ ˈʁɐ̃mus}}; 3 September 1888 – 16 June 1958) was a Brazilian political figure. He briefly served as 20th President of Brazil in the aftermath of the political crisis which culminated in the suicide of President Getúlio Vargas. BiographyPolitical careerRamos was Vice President of the Republic between 1946 and 1951. The 1945 Presidential elections were held for the office of President only, but the Constitution adopted on 18 September 1946 created the office of Vice President, and established that the Constituent Assembly would choose the first Vice President and swear him in, in the day following the promulgation of the Constitution. Nereu Ramos, until then a Senator for Santa Catarina and a member of the Constituent Assembly, was elected Vice President in that special election. In his capacity as Vice President of the Republic, Ramos served as President of the Senate. Ramos was re–elected in 1954 to the Federal Senate as a representative from Santa Catarina. He became the Senate's President pro tempore in the following year. By this stage President Getúlio Vargas had taken his own life. There followed a series of brief presidential reigns: Vargas's Vice President and successor, Café Filho, took a leave of absence, declaring himself unable to discharge the powers of the presidency due to poor health. By the time President Café Filho took his leave of absence, presidential elections for the next five–year term had been held, and Juscelino Kubitschek had been elected. Many people suspected that there would be a coup d'état to prevent the inauguration of the President–elect. Army Minister Henrique Teixeira Lott subscribed to that view, and he considered that President Café Filho had taken his leave of absence because he was in agreement with the supposed coup forces but unwilling to lead the coup himself. His leave of absence allowed the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, Carlos Luz, to assume the presidency as Acting President, and Luz was seen as hostile to the inauguration of the President–elect and likely to lead a coup to prevent it. Thus, only 48 hours after Café Filho's declaration of incapacity and the assumption of the powers of the presidency by Carlos Luz, Army Minister Lott led what he called a preventive counter-coup aimed at securing the inauguration of the President–elect chosen by the people, by avoiding the supposed coup that Luz would allegedly lead. In that preventive counter-coup, Luz was deposed, Café Filho was prohibited from resuming the powers and duties of the presidency (although he was not deposed, he was kept under house arrest for the remaining three months of his presidential term, and was barred from declaring his incapacity terminated), and the next man in the line of presidential succession, Senator Nereu Ramos, the Senate's President pro tempore assumed the powers of the presidency in the place of Carlos Luz. Ramos assumed the presidency on 11 November 1955, to complete Vargas's term. He served until January 31, 1956, whereupon President–elect Kubitschek was inaugurated. Ramos was the last President to have been born in the Empire of Brazil. DeathNereu Ramos died in a Cruzeiro airline crash on 16 May 1958, near Curitiba Afonso Pena International Airport. GalleryExternal links
12 : 1888 births|1958 deaths|Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Brazil|Presidents of Brazil|Vice Presidents of Brazil|Governors of Santa Catarina (state)|Presidents of the Federal Senate|Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|University of São Paulo alumni|Social Democratic Party (Brazil) politicians|Ministers of Justice of Brazil|Leaders who took power by coup |
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