| 词条 | William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel |
| 释义 |
| name = William V | title = Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel | image = WilhelmV-HK.jpg | caption = Engraving by Friedrich van Hulsen, 1633 | noble family = Hesse-Kassel | spouse = Amalie Elisabeth von Hanau-Münzenberg | issue = Agnes Moritz Elisabeth Wilhelm Emilie William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel Charlotte, Electress Palatine Philipp Adolf Karl Susanna Elisabeth Luise | titles = The Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel | father = Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel | mother = Agnes of Solms-Laubach | birth_date = {{birth date|1602|2|13|df=yes}} | birth_place = Kassel, Hesse-Kassel | death_date = {{death date and age|1637|9|21|1602|2|13|df=yes}} | death_place = Leer, East Frisia | burial_place = Martinskirche, Kassel | religion = Calvinism |}} William V ({{lang-de|Wilhelm}}) (13 February 1602 – 21 September 1637), a member of the House of Hesse, was Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1627 to 1637. Having come to rule in unfavorable circumstances and in the midst of the Thirty Years' War, he continued to suffer losses of territory and wealth. LifeWilliam was born in Kassel, the son of Landgrave Maurice of Hesse-Kassel and his consort Agnes of Solms-Laubach. His mother died shortly after his birth, and his father subsequently married Countess Juliane of Nassau-Dillenburg. Maurice, of broad education and interests, inherited half of the estates held by the extinct landgraves of Hesse-Marburg in 1604. However, when he converted to Calvinism the next year, he entered into a protracted legal dispute with his Lutheran cousin Landgrave Louis V of Hesse-Darmstadt. The Aulic Council decided in favour of Louis, and on 17 March 1627, after losing much of the territory to the Darmstadt line and leaving the family in financial ruin, Maurice finally abdicated in favor of his son. William's first order was to obey the verdict and to stabilise the economic situation of the landgraviate. He fought against the Kipper und Wipper debasement crisis and aimed at reducing the debt burden. In the Thirty Years' War, he allied with his relative King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, whose army disembarked on 6 July 1630 in Pomerania. As a commander, he drove out the Imperial troops under Aldringen and Fugger from Hesse. After the Protestant victory at the 1631 Battle of Breitenfeld, King Gustavus Adolphus ceded William the abbeys of Abbey, Hersfeld and Corvey as well as the prince-bishoprics of Paderborn and Münster. William occupied Hersfeld and the Mainz estate of Fritzlar; however, when he and Gustavus Adolphus entered the city of Frankfurt, his cousin Landgrave George II of Hesse-Darmstadt, allied with Emperor Ferdinand II, was alarmed and started negotiations with the Swedish king. William's expectations proved to be false, when Gustavus Adolphus only seized the Rüsselsheim fortress and left Upper Hesse to Landgrave Georg. William's situation worsened when the king was killed in the 1632 Battle of Lützen. When in 1635 the emperor concluded the Peace of Prague with numerous Protestant princes, William was left offside. Instead he forged a military alliance with France, which earned him the invasion of Imperial troops. The landgrave again lost Fulda and his Westphalian conquests and plunged into another debt crisis. He was declared an "enemy of the Empire" while his cousin Georg was appointed administrator of the Hesse-Kassel estates. In 1636 the forces of William and the Swedish commander Alexander Leslie were able to liberate the besieged fortress of Hanau. Nevertheless, by 1637 whole Hesse-Kassel was under military occupation and William was forced to escape. He died in exile in East Frisia. William's widow, Amalie Elisabeth von Hanau-Münzenberg, served as regent for her son William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel until he came of age in 1650. Under her leadership many of the lands lost by her father-in-law and husband were regained through various foreign alliances and battles. In 1650, William's son, William VI, began his rule as Landgrave, and continued the Hesse-Kassel line, which almost perished under Maurice and William V. One of his daughters, Charlotte, married Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine and was the mother of the famous Duchess of Orléans, sister in law of Louis XIV. Another daughter, Emily, married Henri Charles de La Trémoille. Issue
Ancestors{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; | 1= 1. William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel | 2= 2. Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel | 3= 3. Agnes of Solms-Laubach | 4= 4. William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel | 5= 5. Sabine of Württemberg | 6= 6. {{Interlanguage link multi|John George of Solms-Laubach|bg|3=Йохан Георг I фон Золмс-Лаубах}} | 7= 7. Margaret of Schönburg-Glauchau | 8= 8. Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse | 9= 9. Christine of Saxony | 10= 10. Christoph, Duke of Württemberg | 11= 11. Anna Maria of Brandenburg-Ansbach | 12= 12. Frederick Magnus I, Count of Solms-Laubach | 13= 13. Agnes of Wied | 14= 14. George II of Schönburg-Glauchau | 15= 15. {{Interlanguage link multi|Dorothea of Reuss-Plauen|de|3=Dorothea von Reuß-Plauen}} | 16= 16. William II, Landgrave of Hesse | 17= 17. Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin | 18= 18. George, Duke of Saxony | 19= 19. Barbara Jagiellon | 20= 20. Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg | 21= 21. Sabina of Bavaria | 22= 22. George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach | 23= 23. Hedwig of Münsterberg-Oels | 24= 24. Otto of Solms-Laubach | 25= 25. Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin | 26= 26. {{Interlanguage link multi|John III of Wied|bg|3=Йохан III фон Вид}} | 27= 27. Elisabeth of Nassau-Dillenburg, Countess of Wied | 28= 28. George II of Schönburg-Glauchau | 29= 29. Amalia of Leisnig | 30= 30. Henry XIII of Reuss-Greiz | 31= 31. Amalia of Mansfeld-Vorderort }} External links
{{s-start}}{{S-hou|House of Hesse|13 February|1602|21 September|1637}}{{s-bef|before=Maurice}}{{s-ttl|title=Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel|years=1627-1637}}{{s-aft|after=William VI}}{{end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:William V, Landgrave Of Hesse-Kassel}} 9 : Landgraves of Hesse-Kassel|People from Kassel|People from the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel|1602 births|1637 deaths|House of Hesse-Kassel|Landgraves of Hesse|German Calvinist and Reformed Christians|17th-century German people |
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