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词条 Willow Creek (Columbia River)
释义

  1. Course

     Discharge 

  2. Watershed

  3. Fish

  4. History

  5. See also

  6. Notes

  7. References

{{Other places3|Willow Creek (disambiguation){{!}}Willow Creek}}{{Infobox river
| name = Willow Creek
| name_native =
| name_native_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology =
| image = USACE Willow Creek Dam Oregon.jpg
| image_size = 300
| image_caption = Willow Creek Lake, an impoundment of Willow Creek, with the city of Heppner below it
| map =
| map_size = 300
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = USA Oregon
| pushpin_map_size = 300
| pushpin_map_caption= Location of the mouth of Willow Creek in Oregon
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = United States
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = Oregon
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 = Counties
| subdivision_name4 = Morrow and Gilliam
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =
| length = {{convert|79|mi|km|abbr=on}}[1][2]
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location= river mile 4 (river kilometer 6)[3][4]
| discharge1_min = {{convert|0|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}(Often)[5]
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|31.3|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}[6][7]
| discharge1_max = {{convert|16900|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}(January 14, 1974)[8]
| source1 = Arbuckle Mountain
| source1_location = Blue Mountains, Morrow County, Oregon
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|45|09|56|N|119|20|29|W|display=inline}}[9]
| source1_elevation = {{convert|4351|ft|abbr=on}}{{#tag:ref|Source elevation derived from Google Earth search using GNIS source coordinates.[9]|name="Source"|group=Note}}
| mouth = Columbia River
| mouth_location = upstream of Arlington, Gilliam County, Oregon
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|45|48|21|N|120|00|24|W|display=inline,title}}[9]
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|269|ft|abbr=on}}[9]
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size = {{convert|880|sqmi|abbr=on}}[1][2]
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}}

Willow Creek is a {{convert|79|mi|km|0|adj=on}} long tributary of the Columbia River, located in the U.S. state of Oregon. It drains {{convert|880|mi2|km2|0}} of Morrow and Gilliam counties. Arising in the Blue Mountains, it flows generally northwest to its confluence with the Columbia River upstream of Arlington.

Course

Willow Creek's headwaters are located near Arbuckle Mountain in the Blue Mountains, southeast of Heppner. It flows north, then west, receiving the North Fork on the right and Skinners Fork on the left.[10] Willow Creek Lake is formed by the {{convert|160|ft|m|0|adj=on}} tall Willow Creek Dam just upstream of Heppner at river mile (RM) 52.4, or river kilometer (RK) 84.3.[2] Willow Creek flows northwest through Heppner, receiving Hinton Creek on the right. About {{convert|10|mi|km|0}} later, the creek travels through Lexington. Soon after, Rhea Creek enters on the left, and Willow Creek passes through the communities of Ione and Morgan. Turning north, it crosses into Gilliam County, flowing beneath Highway 74 and Interstate 84/Highway 30 just before its mouth.[10] Willow Creek flows into the Columbia River approximately {{convert|253|mi|km|0}} above its confluence with the Pacific Ocean.[1][2]

Discharge

Location Drainage basin Years recorded Average flow Maximum flow Minimum flow
above Willow Creek Lake
(RM 54, RK 87)		67.6|mi2|km2|1|abbr=on}}[11] 1983–200920.0|ft3/s|m3/s|1|abbr=on}}[11]554|ft3/s|m3/s|0|abbr=on}}
(February 1, 1997)[12][13]		0|ft3/s|m3/s|0|abbr=on}}
(Often)[13]
Heppner
(RM 52, RK 84)		96.8|mi2|km2|1|abbr=on}}[14] 1952–200919.7|ft3/s|m3/s|1|abbr=on}}[14]36000|ft3/s|m3/s|-2|abbr=on}}
(June 14, 1903)[15][16]		0|ft3/s|m3/s|0|abbr=on}}
(Often)[16]
near Highway 74
(RM 4, RK 6)		850|mi2|km2|0|abbr=on}}[4] 1961–197931.3|ft3/s|m3/s|1|abbr=on}}[4]16900|ft3/s|m3/s|-1|abbr=on}}
(January 14, 1974)[8]		0|ft3/s|m3/s|0|abbr=on}}
(Often)[5]

Watershed

Willow Creek drains {{convert|880|mi2|km2|0}} of the Columbia Plateau region of Oregon.[1][2] Ninety percent is privately owned, nine percent is owned by U.S. federal agencies such as the United States Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and United States Department of Defense, and one percent is owned by the state of Oregon. About 60 percent of the watershed is either forested, rangeland, or shrubland, 39 percent is cropland, and 1 percent is urban.[2] The highest elevation in the watershed is {{convert|5583|ft|m|0}} near Willow Creek's headwaters, while the lowest is {{convert|269|ft|m|0}} at its mouth.[9][17] Temperatures range from below {{convert|0|F|C|0}} to over {{convert|110|F|C|0}}, while the average is about {{convert|50|F|C|0}}. The average precipitation ranges from {{convert|8|in|mm|0}} in the lower regions to {{convert|34|in|mm|0}} in the mountains.[1][2]

Fish

No anadromous fish are known to inhabit streams in the Willow Creek watershed. Small and Largemouth Bass, Black Crappie, Brown Bullhead, Bluegill, and Pumpkinseed live in Willow Creek Lake.[1]

History

{{main article|Heppner Flood of 1903}}

Strong thunderstorms moved over the Heppner area on June 14, 1903, causing heavy rain and hail. Within fifteen minutes, a {{convert|40|ft|m|-1|adj=on}} wall of water swept down Willow Creek. The flash flood washed away one-third of the town's structures, killing 247 people in the "most deadly natural disaster in Oregon's recorded history." One hundred and fifty homes were destroyed in the city of Ione, {{convert|20|mi|km|-1}} downstream; residents were able to evacuate because of advanced telephone warnings.[18] In 1983, the Willow Creek Dam was constructed just upstream of Heppner. The resulting Willow Creek Lake's primary use is flood control.[1]

See also

  • List of rivers of Oregon
  • List of longest streams of Oregon

Notes

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|author=United States Army Corps of Engineers|authorlink=United States Army Corps of Engineers|title=Long-term Withdrawal of Irrigation Water Willow Creek Lake, Morrow County, Oregon|publisher=Oregon Water Resources Department|url=http://www1.wrd.state.or.us/files/uploads/Bill/Willow%20Creek/WillowCreekDraft_EA-102907.pdf|format=PDF|date=October 2007|accessdate=September 14, 2010}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|title=Willow Creek Agricultural Water Quality Management Area Plan|publisher=Oregon Department of Agriculture|date=June 11, 2003|url=http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/NRD/docs/pdf/plans/willow_08_fnlpln.pdf?ga=t|format=PDF|accessdate=September 14, 2010}}
3. ^The average discharge rate was calculated by adding the average annual discharge rates for the total number of water years for which data was available and dividing by the total number of water years.
4. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=USGS 14036000 Willow Creek Nr Arlington, Oreg.|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/annual?referred_module=sw&site_no=14036000&por_14036000_2=545895,00060,2,1961,1979&year_type=W&format=html_table&date_format=YYYY-MM-DD&rdb_compression=file&submitted_form=parameter_selection_list|accessdate=September 14, 2010}}
5. ^1 {{cite web|title=USGS 14036000 Willow Creek Nr Arlington, Oreg.|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/or/nwis/dv?cb_00060=on&format=html&begin_date=1960-10-01&end_date=1979-09-30&site_no=14036000&referred_module=sw|accessdate=September 14, 2010}}
6. ^The average discharge rate was calculated by adding the average annual discharge rates for the total number of water years for which data was available and dividing by the total number of water years.
7. ^{{cite web|title=USGS 14036000 Willow Creek Nr Arlington, Oreg.|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/annual?referred_module=sw&site_no=14036000&por_14036000_2=545895,00060,2,1961,1979&year_type=W&format=html_table&date_format=YYYY-MM-DD&rdb_compression=file&submitted_form=parameter_selection_list|accessdate=September 14, 2010}}
8. ^1 {{cite web|title=USGS 14036000 Willow Creek Nr Arlington, Oreg.|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/or/nwis/peak?site_no=14036000&agency_cd=USGS&format=html|accessdate=September 14, 2010}}
9. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite gnis|title=Willow Creek|id=1152411|entrydate=November 28, 1980|accessdate=September 14, 2010}}
10. ^1 {{cite map|publisher=Benchmark Maps|title=Oregon Road and Recreation Atlas|edition=4th|year=2010|scale=1:225,000|pages=40–41, 53|isbn=978-0-929591-62-9|oclc=466904230}}
11. ^1 {{cite web|title=USGS 14034470 Willow Creek Abv Willow Cr Lake, Nr Heppner, OR|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/annual?referred_module=sw&site_no=14034470&por_14034470_1=545883,00060,1,1983,2009&year_type=W&format=html_table&date_format=YYYY-MM-DD&rdb_compression=file&submitted_form=parameter_selection_list|accessdate=November 18, 2010}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=USGS 14034470 Willow Creek Abv Willow Cr Lake, Nr Heppner, OR|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/or/nwis/peak?site_no=14034470&agency_cd=USGS&format=html|accessdate=November 18, 2010}}
13. ^1 {{cite web|title=USGS 14034470 Willow Creek Abv Willow Cr Lake, Nr Heppner, OR|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/or/nwis/dv?cb_00060=on&format=html&begin_date=1982-10-01&end_date=2010-11-16&site_no=14034470&referred_module=sw|accessdate=November 18, 2010}}
14. ^1 {{cite web|title=USGS 14034500 Willow Creek At Heppner, OR|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/annual/?referred_module=sw&site_no=14034500&por_14034500_2=545886,00060,2,1952,2009&year_type=W&format=html_table&date_format=YYYY-MM-DD&rdb_compression=file&submitted_form=parameter_selection_list|accessdate=November 18, 2010}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=USGS 14034500 Willow Creek At Heppner, OR|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/or/nwis/peak?site_no=14034500&agency_cd=USGS&format=html|accessdate=November 18, 2010}}
16. ^1 {{cite web|title=USGS 14034500 Willow Creek At Heppner, OR|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/or/nwis/dv?cb_00060=on&format=html&begin_date=1951-10-01&end_date=2009-09-30&site_no=14034500&referred_module=sw|accessdate=November 18, 2010}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=Draft Umatilla/Willow Subbasin Plan|publisher=Northwest Power and Conservation Council|url=http://www.nwcouncil.org/fw/subbasinplanning/umatilla/plan/EntirePlan_sm.pdf|format=PDF|date=May 28, 2004|accessdate=September 14, 2010}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=Oregon's Top 10 Weather Events of 1900s|publisher=National Weather Service|url=http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/pqr/paststorms/index.php#top1|accessdate=September 15, 2010}}

References

{{reflist|2}}

4 : Rivers of Oregon|Rivers of Gilliam County, Oregon|Rivers of Morrow County, Oregon|Heppner, Oregon
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