“New Bedford Whaling Museum”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The New Bedford Whaling Museum is a museum in New Bedford, Massachusetts, United States that focuses on the history of the international whaling industry and the "Old Dartmouth" region (now the city of New Bedford and towns of Acushnet, Dartmouth, Fairhaven, and Westport) in the South Coast of Massachusetts. The museum is governed by the Old Dartmouth Historical Society (ODHS), and its collections include over 750,000 items, including 3,000 pieces of scrimshaw and 2,500 logbooks from whaling ships, both of which are the largest collections in the world. The museum's complex consists of several contiguous buildings housing 20 exhibit galleries and occupying an entire city block within the New Bedford Whaling National Historical Park.

The museum also houses a collection of fine art, including works by major American artists who lived or worked in the New Bedford area, such as Albert Bierstadt, William Bradford, and Albert Pinkham Ryder, as well as a collection of locally produced decorative art, glassware, and furniture associated with the rise of New Bedford as a whaling port in the 19th century.

The museum's Bourne Building houses the Lagoda, a half-scale model of a whaling ship that was commissioned in 1916 and is the world's largest model whaling ship.

History

On January 7, 1903, Ellis L. Howland, a news reporter for the Evening Standard, presented a paper urging the establishment of a historical society and a museum:

On 22 July 1903, the 100 founding constituents of the Old Dartmouth Historical Society selected William W. Crapo, a local lawyer and congressman, as their president. At first, the museum rented rooms to display and store artifacts in the Masonic Lodge on the corner of Pleasant and Union Streets. By 1904, their membership had grown to almost 700, and collections had been expanded to include some 560 artifacts.

In 1906, Henry Huttleston Rogers donated the Bank of Commerce Building on Water Street to the ODHS for the purpose of establishing a museum. One year later, the New Bedford Whaling Museum was opened.

The New Bedford Whaling Museum grew considerably during the 1910s and 1920s. In 1914, the ODHS appointed Frank Wood as the curator and first full-time staff member. In 1915, Emily Bourne donated the Bourne Building in memory of her father, Jonathan Bourne Jr. She also contributed funds for the construction of a half-sized model of her father's ship Ladoga, which was built inside the Bourne Building in 1916. Nationwide interest in whaling history was raised by the 1922 film Down to the Sea in Ships, which was filmed in New Bedford and featured many New Bedford locals dressed up in their grandparents' clothing as extras.

By the 1930s, the New Bedford Whaling Museum was attracting four to ten thousand visitors a year, most of whom were from out of town. The museum further expanded with the bequest of the Wood Building by Annie Seabury Wood in 1935. In 1936, the museum acquired its first whale skeleton, a three-year-old humpback whale known as Quasimodo.^[3] In the words of curator William Tripp, "We are no longer a whaling museum without a whale, as some in the past have chosen to call us."

In 1953, the whaling film, All the Brothers Were Valiant, premiered in New Bedford.

The anti-whaling movement of the 1970s led Curator of Ethnology John R. Bockstoce to research and compile the most complete data on the bowhead whale to date, reestablishing the importance of the preservation of historical whaling documents.

In 1996, the museum played a large role in establishing a New Bedford Whaling National Historic Park, a national park that includes several New Bedford historical sites, including the Seamen's Bethel, which is located across the street from the Whaling Museum. The museum features a twenty-minute short film titled The City that Lit the World courtesy of the National Park Service. 1996 was also the year of the first annual Moby-Dick Marathon Reading.

In 1998, the New Bedford Whaling Museum collaborated with the Azorean Maritime Heritage Society to build the Azorean Whaleman Gallery, an exhibition devoted to the contributions of Azorean sailors and whaleboat builders to US whaling history. In August 2000, the Jacobs Family Gallery was built thanks to the donation of Irwin and Joan Jacobs. The humpback whale skeleton Quasimodo was moved to the new Jacobs Family Gallery and suspended alongside a new juvenile blue whale skeleton, named KOBO (King of the Blue Ocean).

In October 2001, negotiations began to merge the Kendall Whaling Museum, which was founded in 1955 by Henry P. Kendall and opened in 1956, with the New Bedford Whaling Museum. The merger was finalized in October 2001, and the Kendall Whaling Museum's artifacts were moved to the New Bedford Whaling Museum by November 2002. As a result, the museum added some 70,000 artifacts to its collections, effectively doubling its size. To accommodate all these artifacts, the museum acquired a former bank building on Purchase Street three blocks west of the museum campus on Johnny Cake Hill. The Purchase Street Building housed the museum's Research Library for several years; in 2017 it moved to a new building on the main museum campus.^[4]^[5]^[6]

In 2002, the New Bedford Whaling Museum partnered with the Melville Society, and it now houses their extensive Melville collection in the Research Library.

In 2002, the museum acquired the skeleton of a sperm whale, and in 2008, it acquired the skeleton of a North Atlantic right whale which was pregnant at the time of its death.^[7]^[8]

Permanent exhibits

Lagoda

The museum's Jonathan Bourne Building houses the Lagoda, a half-scale model of whaling ship Lagoda that was built in 1916. The Lagoda is {{convert|89|ft|m}} in length and has a mainmast {{convert|50|ft|m}} in height, making it the world's largest model whaling ship. It is fully rigged and showcases some of the supplies needed for an extended whaling voyage.

Azorean Whaleman Gallery

The Bourne Building also houses a permanent installation that explores the Azorean impact on the growth and development of Southern New England and of New Bedford in particular, which is home to a vibrant Azorean community. The exhibit contains many artifacts related to whaling in the Azores and the islanders' journey to a new life in the US via a "bridge of whale ships." The exhibit features a half-scale model of an Azorean whaleboat and a vigia, an Azorean whaling lookout.

Skeletons of the Deep

The museum is home to five fully articulated whale skeletons: a blue whale, a humpback whale, a sperm whale, and a pregnant mother and fetus North Atlantic right whale. All of the specimens came from animals that either died accidentally or by undetermined circumstances, and were not killed as a result of whaling. The first skeleton to be acquired was a {{convert|37|ft|m|adj=on}} three-year-old male humpback whale named Quasimodo, which died in 1932. The blue whale is a {{convert|66|ft|m|adj=on}} juvenile male named KOBO. The sperm whale is a {{convert|48|ft|m|adj=on}} 30-year-old male. The right whales include a {{convert|49|ft|m|adj=on}} 15-year-old female named Reyna that was ten months pregnant and her fetus.^[9]

Harbor Hope in Old Dartmouth, 1602–1827

This exhibit explores the region of Old Dartmouth from the 1602 landing of English explorer Bartholomew Gosnold to the dominance of New Bedford in the whaling industry. It explores themes related to religion, geography, and maritime commerce, which combined to influence the colonial growth of southeastern Massachusetts and the ultimate success of the port of New Bedford, which surpassed Nantucket as the US's largest whaling center around 1827.

Publications

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|author=Urbon, Sevet|url=http://www.southcoasttoday.com/article/20080920/News/809200325|title=Whaling museum picks new president|website=The Standard-Times|date=September 20, 2008}}
2. ^Cited in "Historical Society Advised." (17 Jan. 1903) (Unidentified newspaper clipping.) ODHS Scrapbook Collection.
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.whalingmuseum.org/explore/exhibitions/current/skeletons-of-the-deep/quasimodo|title=Quasimodo|website=New Bedford Whaling Museum|access-date=January 2, 2017}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nct-archive.org/local-history/kendall-whaling-museum/|title=Kendall Whaling Museum, Sharon, Mass: History, collections, images|access-date=July 23, 2016}}
5. ^{{cite web|author=Martineau, Sarah|url=http://www.southcoasttoday.com/article/20021122/NEWS/311229993|title=Museums' collections merged at last|website=The Standard-Times|date=November 22, 2002}}
6. ^Exhibition materials at New Bedford Whaling Museum (October, 2008).
7. ^{{cite web|title=Sperm Whale|website=New Bedford Whaling Museum|access-date=January 2, 2017|url=https://www.whalingmuseum.org/explore/exhibitions/current/skeletons-of-the-deep/sperm-whale}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=Reyna|website=New Bedford Whaling Museum|access-date=January 2, 2017|url=https://www.whalingmuseum.org/explore/exhibitions/current/skeletons-of-the-deep/reyna}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Skeletons of the Deep|website=New Bedford Whaling Museum|url=https://www.whalingmuseum.org/explore/exhibitions/current/skeletons-of-the-deep|access-date=January 2, 2017}}

External links