| 词条 | Wood lagging |
| 释义 |
Wood lagging is a method of banding wooden slats around pipelines to protect against impact, abrasion, and corrosion. Wooden lagging acts as a sheath, protecting the pipeline from damage,[1] and is especially useful in rocky terrain; steep inclines; around rivers or swampy areas; and other rough terrain.[2] Boiler lagging is akin to pipe lagging, but is used to protect steam boilers. Wood lagging has been used on notable pipelines such as The Trans-Mountain Pipeline, which spans the Canadian Rockies, since 1953, and The Kinder Morgan TMX Anchor Loop. The latter, constructed in 2007, used wood lagging in the environmentally-sensitive terrain and river crossings of Alberta's Jasper National Park.[3] OverviewConstruction process{{double image|right||170||200|Pipelines with wood lagging under construction}}Wood lagging is one of several solutions employed by pipeline engineers to provide mechanical protection for underground pipelines. Others include concrete coating, rockshield, high-density polyethylene, imported sand padding, and padding machines.[2] Wood lagging involves wiring a series of wooden slats together to create a 'blanket'. This blanket of wooden slats is then dropped over and wrapped around the outside of a pipeline, with or without coating,[5] and secured with steel or plastic banding.[6] Once wood lagging is installed, the pipeline can be buried and backfilled. (Wood lagging is installed as part of the “padding and backfill” stage of construction.)[7][8] For pipelines that encounter saturated soils or water, wood lagging is often installed in between bolt-on concrete weights, acting as a spacer to keep the weights in place as well as to provide mechanical protection to the pipe. River weights are generally used at river and creek crossings to counteract the buoyancy of pipelines in stream, high water table situations, or in swampy areas. CharacteristicsWood lagging is especially useful to protect pipelines in rocky terrain; steep inclines; around rivers or swampy areas; and in areas with poor natural availability of padding, such as sand or gravel.[2] Wood lagging is light, flexible, and easy to install at construction sites. As a method for protecting pipelines, wood lagging offers high-impact resistance at a considerably reduced cost compared to other types of pipeline protection, such as concrete coating.[2] Materials for wood lagging can often be sourced regionally near pipeline construction sites, reducing transportation time and costs. Wood used in wood lagging is a renewable resource that creates a carbon sequestration effect after pipeline burial, providing minimal environmental impact compared to other types of pipeline protection.[2] Historic and modern usesThe longevity of wood lagging that has been installed underground is unknown. However, intact wood lagging has been found still performing its function more than 50 years after installation:
Modern examples of wood lagging used to protect oil and natural gas pipelines include:
A different, but related, use of wooden slats was for lagging steam boilers, for example in trains. See also
References1. ^1 {{cite news| title = HydroCarbon Pipeline| first = | last = | url = http://puc.sd.gov/commission/dockets/hydrocarbonpipeline/2007/hp07-001/103107schramm.pdf| page = 23 | newspaper = | publisher = South Dakota Public Utilities Commission| year = 2007| accessdate = 2012-04-06}} [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]2. ^1 {{cite news| title = Joint Protection| first = | last = | url = http://www.shawpipe.ca/pdfs/PB_CWC.pdf| newspaper = Page 1: Joint Protection| publisher = Shaw Pipe Protection| date = | accessdate = 2012-04-06}} 3. ^1 {{cite news| title = Patent for a mass-production Wood Lagging machine| first = Paul| last = Adelard Bouchard| url = http://www.faqs.org/patents/app/20100300582| newspaper = | publisher = | date = December 2, 2010| accessdate = 2012-04-06}} 4. ^1 {{cite news| title = TMX Pipeline Construction Successfully Navigates Difficult Park Terrain| first = Elsie| last = Ross| url = http://www.newtechmagazine.com/issues/printer.aspx?aid=1000085448| newspaper = New Technology Magazine| date = October 17, 2008| accessdate = 2012-04-06}} 5. ^1 {{cite news| title = Sample Crossing Agreement: Item 5 (g) Page 4| first = | last = | url = http://www.sun-canadian.com/PDF%20FILES/1%20Sample%20Crossing%20Agreement%202012.pdf| newspaper = | publisher = Sun Canadian| date = April 5, 2011| accessdate = 2012-04-06}} 6. ^1 {{cite news |title = Settlement of Backfill, excerpt |url = http://www.neb-one.gc.ca/clf-nsi/rthnb/pplctnsbfrthnb/mcknzgsprjct/rfd/rfdv2ch6-eng.html |newspaper = |publisher = National Energy Board |date = |accessdate = 2012-04-06 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130701203650/http://www.neb-one.gc.ca/clf-nsi/rthnb/pplctnsbfrthnb/mcknzgsprjct/rfd/rfdv2ch6-eng.html# |archive-date = 2013-07-01 |dead-url = yes |df = }} 7. ^1 {{cite news| title = Pipeline Plans| first = | last = | url = http://efile.mpsc.state.mi.us/efile/docs/16856/0001.pdf| newspaper = | publisher = Enbridge Energy| date = August 29, 2011| accessdate = 2012-04-06}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite news| title = Kinder Morgan preserves nature’s bounty with a minimalist approach to a major build project| first = Stephanie| last = Parks| url = http://albertaventure.com/2010/08/kinder-morgan-preserves-nature%E2%80%99s-bounty-with-a-minimalist-approach-to-a-major-build-project/| newspaper = Alberta Venture| publisher = | date = August 1, 2010| accessdate = 2012-04-06}} 9. ^1 {{cite news| title = Oil Across The Rockies (film)| first = | last = | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MF7V_gINFl0| publisher = Archival Footage| year = 1953| accessdate = 2012-04-06}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book| last = Mohitpour| first = Mo| authorlink = | title = Pipeline Design and Construction: A Practical Approach| publisher = ASME Press| series = | year = 2003| doi = | isbn = 978-0791802021}} }} External links
2 : Pipeline transport|Wood |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。